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The choice of an Early Childhood Education (ECE) institution for children is influenced by various aspects, including school costs, parental socio-economic rank, parental impression of the institution, and the school's quality. Insufficient research exists regarding the influence of parental perspective and socio-economic status on school selection within Bangladesh's setting. This study investigates the fundamental aspects that influence parental decision-making about school selection. This study employs a qualitative method using a case study approach. In-depth and key informant interviews were conducted with the parents to acquire data. The participants were chosen using a random purposive method to fulfil the research objectives. The participants included parents who had already registered their children in ECE schools and those contemplating enrolling them. The findings demonstrate that parental viewpoint has a substantial influence on the selection of an ECE school. In contrast, parental socio-economic condition does not exert a noteworthy effect on school choice. Additionally, this study investigates the cost disparity across various ECE schools and other pertinent elements influencing parents' decision-making regarding school choice. This research explores the factors influencing early childhood education program selection in Bangladesh. Parents should emphasize their viewpoints and sentiments about a school, including trust, environment, and reputation, rather than concentrating on the school's financial or social standing. Through in-depth interviews with parents from various backgrounds, this study aims to shed light on the challenges and priorities families face when selecting a preschool for their children. In addition, it demonstrates how the significant price differences among early childhood education programs impact parents. As a result of the findings, communities, politicians and educators may be better able to appreciate parents' desires and goals to expand access to high-quality early education for all families, regardless of their socio-economic circumstances.

Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about people’s preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in people’s perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.

PurposeThe global non-attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 indicates the issue of rising gender inequality. Educated women shying away from the labor force is worsening it. The labor market dynamics might shape the female labor force participation (FLFP). The present study recommends a policy framework by analyzing this dynamism across 125 countries over 1990–2020.Design/methodology/approachThe Two-step System Generalized Method of Moments is used to address endogeneity bias. Dynamism in policy environment is captured by relaxing the Ceteris Paribus condition in the empirical model.FindingsResults show that the moderation of labor market factors has increased with the attainment of Secondary and Tertiary Education. Results also highlight that these factors promote FLFP through prospective opportunities but also hinder female participation through employer’s discrimination despite educational attainment.Originality/valueStudies have examined the role of education on FLFP. However, prior research has not investigated the role of labor market factors in influencing the impact of education on FLFP. The consideration of these factors will help in addressing the global policy lacuna by recommending a policy framework for enhancing FLFP through internalization of the externalities exerted by the labor market factors, and thereby, help the countries attaining the SDG 5 objectives.

This handbook examines the many challenges posed by the complexity of child abuse and neglect. It explores why maltreatment occurs and its consequences as well as prevention, treatment and intervention, and legal perspectives.