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Since more than one-third of dam failures have been attributed to uncontrolled seepage, it is of great importance to investigate the behaviour of this phenomenon in order to achieve the maximum degree of safety for such dams. The present work investigated the influence of the permeability coeficient of the diferent materials used in zoned earth dams on diferent seepage parameters. For the modelling and analysis processes, the Seep/w and Seep2D software were employed. The numerical results prove that the optimum relative hydraulic conductivity between the inner and transition shells is about 0.001, and it is better to use filling materials with less hydraulic conductivity in the upstream transition and outer shells than in the downstream ones. A good agreement was noted between the obtained results from Seep/w and those from Seep2D. Reducing the hydraulic conductivity of both the upstream and the downstream shells, or of the downstream shells only, causes the pore water pressure in the dam body to increase significantly, and causes a remarkable reduction in the seeped water quantity and velocity. A moderate reduction in the diferent seepage parameters is achieved by reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the upstream transition shell, and a small reduction is noticed by reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the upstream outer shell.

Geo-Studio program is used in this study with its sub-programs named SEEP/W and CTRAN/W 2012 to represent and analyse the phreatic line, the amount of seepage through the dam, the pressure head, the discharge, the total head and the amount of contaminants that transport through the body of the dam. The problem of transportation of contaminants through homogeneous earth dam due to seepage flow was studied and simulated using the computational fluid dynamic technique with the help of Geo-slope programs. The paper also studied the prediction of future contaminants' levels in the specified dam. The study also discusses the effect of pool water level fluctuation from maximum to a minimum level on the seepage flow and the time of pollution transmission. From the Geo-studio software, it is deduced that when the water level is at the maximum height (20m), it needs 12 days, at normal height (15m) it needs 30 days, while at a minimum height (8 m) it needs 100 days to reach the drain zone.

Owing to the potential negative impacts of climatic changes and the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, water scarcity has become an urgent issue. Therefore, the Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation has started a national project of the lining and rehabilitation of canals, to reduce seepage losses and for efficient water resource management. This study presents a new approach for assessing three different lining and crack techniques for the Ismailia canal, the largest end of the river Nile, Egypt. A 2-D steady state seep/w numerical model was developed for the Ismailia canal section, in the stretch at 28.00–49.00 km. The amount of seepage was significantly dependent on the hydraulic characteristics of the liner material. The extraction from aquifers via wells also had a considerable impact on the seepage rate from the unlined canals; however, a lesser effect was present in the case of lined canals. The concrete liner revealed the highest efficiency, followed by the geomembrane liner, and then the bentonite liner; with almost 99%, 96%, and 54%, respectively, without extraction, and decreasing by 4% for bentonite and geomembrane liners during extraction; however, the concrete lining efficiency did not change considerably. Nevertheless, the efficiency dramatically decreased to 25%, regardless of the lining technique, in the case of deterioration of the liner material. The double effect of both deterioration of the liner material and extraction from the aquifer showed a 16% efficiency, irrespective of the utilized lining technique.

Since more than one-third of dam failures have been attributed to uncontrolled seepage, it is of great importance to investigate the behaviour of this phenomenon in order to achieve the maximum degree of safety for such dams. The present work investigated the influence of the permeability coefficient of the different materials used in zoned earth dams on different seepage parameters. For the modelling and analysis processes, the Seep/w and Seep2D software were employed. The numerical results prove that the optimum relative hydraulic conductivity between the inner and transition shells is about 0.001, and it is better to use filling materials with less hydraulic conductivity in the upstream transition and outer shells than in the downstream ones. A good agreement was noted between the obtained results from Seep/w and those from Seep2D. Reducing the hydraulic conductivity of both the upstream and the downstream shells, or of the downstream shells only, causes the pore water pressure in the dam body to increase significantly, and causes a remarkable reduction in the seeped water quantity and velocity. A moderate reduction in the different seepage parameters is achieved by reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the upstream transition shell, and a small reduction is noticed by reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the upstream outer shell. KEYWORDS earth dams hydraulic conductivity phreatic line seepage analysis Seep/w Seep2d

This abstract describes a study on the Hilla Canal regulator using the SEEP/W program. The study aims to simulate and validate hydraulic head values obtained from the field. It provides information about the soil properties and mesh sizes used in the simulation and the governing equation used in the SEEP/W program. The simulation results are presented in the form of observed and simulated hydraulic head statistical and computational data, including RMSE, ME, and Maximum Relative Error. The study concludes that the model's performance is good, with an efficiency of 99.999%, and that the comparison of observed and simulated hydraulic head values confirms the model's validity. Overall, the study demonstrates the accuracy and applicability of the SEEP/W program for modeling hydraulic systems.

A landslide occurred in the hilly area of Tulakan District, Pacitan, East Java Province, Indonesia. This was due to a period of heavy rain, resulting in a cumulative intensity of over 1000 mm in one month and a maximum daily rainfall exceeding 300 mm. Previous reports have suggested the use of horizontal sub-drains to manage groundwater levels and rainwater seepage to reduce the impact on slope stability. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of horizontal sub-drain as an alternative for managing groundwater and rainwater that seeped into the soil to increase the slope factor of safety by using numerical model. It also considered various factors such as the effect of real-time rainfall over a 30-day period before the landslide, hydraulic conductivity, soil parameter due to cracking and weathering, and the existing groundwater level. The coupled programs SEEP/W and SLOPE/W were used for analyses. The result showed that the horizontal sub-drain only increased the safety factor by less than 2% in the presence of a vertical crack and up to 7.7% with vertical cracks and weak layers in high ground water levels. In addition, this study found that horizontal sub-drains could be more effective in increasing the safety factor up to 11.5% when the rainfall intensity was higher (between 1.41 × 10 –0.5 and 1.85 × 10 –0.7  m/s) and lasted for 14 days. The installation position of the drains, soil conditions, rainfall condition, and contour topography were some of the factors that influenced the effectiveness of the horizontal sub-drains in increasing slope stability.

Tailings from Agnico Eagle’s Goldex mine are stored in a tailings pond built in 2007. Used only as a secondary pond since its construction, it will eventually be used as the main facility, which could entail hydrogeological changes in the tailings and surrounding aquifers. To ensure the protection of groundwater during future mine operations, further site characterization and numerical modelling was undertaken to better understand the current hydrogeological system. Detailed new field work was recently completed and a 2D vertical-plane numerical model along the main flow direction of the tailings site was built with the SEEP/W code to simulate the local-scale steady-state flow system. Although piezometric levels were accurately simulated throughout most of the deposition area, the simulated piezometric levels near the dikes were consistently lower than those observed. A sensitivity analysis on hydraulic conductivities and recharge highlighted the importance of relatively lower hydraulic conductivities in maintaining the watertable as high as possible near the dikes, without overflow in the center of the deposition area. This study improved understanding of the hydrogeological behavior of mine tailings at an active site using modelling to better predict the potential impacts on the local groundwater flow system.

The seepage study through earth dams is very essential for the design and construction processes of such dams to ensure the needed safety and efficient performance. The present study focuses on the seepage flow through zoned embankment dams by introducing a numerical analysis using the Seep/w numerical model. The main objective of the study is to investigate the different effects of the dam zones' thickness and side slopes on seepage through such dams to achieve the most suitable dimensions and geometry of the different zones. First, the Seep/w is used to analyze the problem of seepage through earth dams with an internal core. The present obtained results and the results of other previous experimental and analytical studies are almost close to each other. The present work proves that the best relative thickness of the inner, transition, and outer zones (t 1 :t 2 :t 3 ) according to the minimum seepage and cost of the used materials is 2:1.5:1.5 respectively. At the same time, it is proven that the reasonable optimum side slopes (H:V) of the inner, transition, and outer zones are 1:1.75, 1.25:1, and 3.75:1 respectively.

Tailings dam failures are often caused by seepage, posing severe threats to mine safety and downstream ecological environments. Conventional tailings stacking methods are prone to drainage blockage and slope instability under long-term seepage conditions. To address this issue, this study proposes a novel structural form that combines waste rock pillars with tailings stacking to construct a drainage system characterized by high permeability, anti-clogging capability, and load-bearing performance. A prototype-similar physical model test was conducted to systematically analyze the seepage characteristics and stability variations in the tailings dam under different dry beach lengths. In addition, numerical simulations using Geo-Studio 2022.1 (SEEP/W and SLOPE/W) were performed to verify and extend the experimental results. The findings show that the introduction of waste rock pillars forms effective preferential drainage channels, significantly reduces pore water pressure, and lowers the phreatic line within the dam body, thereby enhancing its overall stability. Compared with the conventional stacking method without waste rock pillars, the safety factor of the dam increased by 8.6–20.0% as the dry beach length extended from 70 m to 150 m, confirming the remarkable reinforcement and drainage performance of the composite structure. The study demonstrates that the proposed “high-permeability, anti-clogging, and load-bearing” waste rock pillar design not only achieves efficient reuse of waste rock resources but also provides a novel and sustainable technical approach for improving tailings dam safety through coupled physical and numerical verification.

Performing a reliable stability analysis of a landslide slope requires a good understanding of the internal geometries and an accurate characterisation of the geotechnical parameters of the identified strata. Geotechnical models are commonly based on geomorphological data combined with direct and intrusive geotechnical investigations. However, the existence of numerous empirical correlations between seismic parameters (e.g., S-wave velocity) and geotechnical parameters in the literature has made it possible to investigate areas that are difficult to reach with direct instrumentation. These correlations are often overlooked even though they enable a reduction in investigation costs and time. By means of geophysical tests, it is in fact possible to estimate the N-SPT value and derive the friction angle from results obtained from environmental seismic noise measurements. Despite the empirical character and a certain level of uncertainty derived from the estimation of geotechnical parameters, these are particularly useful in the preliminary stages of an emergency, when straight data are not available and on all those soils where other direct in situ tests are not reliable. These correlations were successfully applied to the Theilly landslide (Western Alps, Italy), where the geotechnical model was obtained by integrating the results of a multi-parameter geophysical survey (H/V seismic noise and ground-penetrating radar) with stratigraphic and geomorphological observations, digital terrain model and field survey data. The analysis of the triggering conditions of the landslide was conducted by means of hydrological–geotechnical modelling, evaluating the behaviour of the slope under different rainfall scenarios and considering (or not) the stabilisation interventions present on the slope. The results of the filtration analyses for all events showed a top-down saturation mechanism, which led to the formation of a saturated face with a maximum thickness of 5 m. Stability analyses conducted for the same events showed the development of a shallow landslide in the first few metres of saturated soil. The modelling results are compatible with the actual evolution of the phenomenon and allow us to understand the triggering mechanism, providing models to support future interventions.