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Background: Head and neck carcinosarcoma (HNCS) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy with limited research, resulting in an incomplete understanding of disease progression and a lack of reliable prognostic tools. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HNCS patients using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and to develop a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Methods: Patients diagnosed with HNCS from 1975 to 2020 were identified in the SEER database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic indicators, with the optimal model selected using the minimal Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The identified prognostic factors were incorporated into nomograms to predict OS and CSS. Model performance was assessed using the concordance index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Survival curves were generated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and compared via the log-rank test. Results: A total of 152 HNCS patients were included, with 108 assigned to the training cohort and 44 to the validation cohort in a 7:3 ratio. Prognostic factors including age, primary tumor site, marital status, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, tumor size, pathological grade, and tumor stage were incorporated into the nomogram models. The models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with C-index values for OS and CSS of 0.757 and 0.779 in the training group, and 0.777 and 0.776 in the validation group, respectively. AUC values for predicting 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS were 0.662, 0.713, and 0.761, and for CSS the values were 0.726, 0.703, and 0.693. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated significantly improved survival for patients with lower risk scores. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates for the entire cohort were 54.1%, 45.6%, and 35.1%, respectively, and the CSS rates were 62.9%, 57.5%, and 52.2%, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides validated nomograms for predicting OS and CSS in HNCS patients, offering a reliable tool to support clinical decision-making for this challenging malignancy. These nomograms enhance the ability to predict patient prognosis and personalize treatment strategies.

In the past 20 years, surgical resection has been a secure and applicable procedure for pancreatic cancer (PC), but it remains controversial for stage III PC with data evaluating its efficacy mostly derived from small randomized trials. Hence, we designed this study to further evaluate its benefit using surveillance, epidemiology, and end results dataset. Patients with stage III PC were identified in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registries from 2004 to 2014. The effect of surgery on cancer-specific survival was assessed by risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression modeling and propensity score matching. Overall, 6,138 patients with stage III PC were included. Of these, 608 patients underwent primary tumor surgery. On multivariable analyses, surgery was independently associated with improved cancer-specific survival (HR=0.580; 95% CI=0.523-0.643, <0.001). The survival benefit with surgery was also observed in the propensity score-matched cohort (HR=0.501; 95% CI=0.438-0.573, <0.001). Primary tumor surgery is associated with improved survival in stage III PC. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these results, and further efforts are required to address patient selection.

Background: The population of older women (≥70 years old) with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is increasing, but there are few prognostic studies for these patients. In the study, we explored the effects of chemotherapy on breast cancer-specific death (BCSD) and other cause-specific death (OCSD) in older patients with TNBC. Methods: In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we extracted primary TNBC older patients (≥70 years old) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2019. We used propensity score matching (PSM), cumulative incidence function (CIF) and multivariate Fine and Gray competitive risk analyses to explore the effects of chemotherapy on survival for older patients with primary TNBC after surgery. Results: After one-to-one matched PSM analysis, we identified 2478 primary TNBC patients (≥70 years old) finally. CIF analysis showed that the 3-year, 5-year and 8-year mortalities were 15.34%, 20.30% and 23.73% for BCSD, and 7.36%, 13.20% and 23.02% for OCSD. The survival analysis showed that patients who received chemotherapy had a better overall survival than those who did not received chemotherapy (hazard ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.82, p < 0.001). There was no difference in BCSD between older patients with chemotherapy and no chemotherapy. The OCSD rate for patients with chemotherapy was lower than that of those with no chemotherapy (Gray’s test, p < 0.001). Diseases of heart were the most common cause of death in elderly patients with TNBC. After multivariate Fine and Gray competitive risk, age in diagnosis, race black, tumor grade, T status, N status and receiving radiotherapy were proven to be independent predictive factors of BCSD. Meanwhile, age in diagnosis, radiotherapy status, and chemotherapy status were proven to be independent predictive factors of OCSD. Conclusions: For older patients (≥70 years old) with TNBC, chemotherapy improved overall patient survival by reducing the rates of OCSD, but not by reducing the rates of BCSD. The impact of non-cancer causes of death on the prognosis of older cancer patients should not be ignored.

This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to investigate the changes in incidence, treatment, and survival of lung cancer from 1973 to 2015. The clinical and epidemiological data of patients with lung cancer were obtained from the SEER database. Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate the rate changes in lung cancer related to incidence, treatment, and survival. From 1973 to 2015, the average incidence of lung cancer was 59.0/100,000 person-years. The incidence increased initially, reached a peak in 1992, and then gradually decreased. A higher incidence rate was observed in males than in females and in black patients than in other racial groups. Since 1985, adenocarcinoma became the most prevalent histopathological type. The surgical rate for lung cancer was about 25%, and treatment with chemotherapy showed an increasing trend, while the radiotherapy rate was in downward trend. The surgical rate for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was higher than that for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), while chemotherapy for SCLC far exceeded that for NSCLC. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced stage had higher rate than early stage. The 5-year relative survival rate of lung cancer increased with time, but <21%. In the past four decades, the lung cancer incidence increased initially and then gradually decreased. Surgical rate experienced a fluctuant reduction, while the chemotherapy rate was in upward trend. The 5-year relative survival rate increased with years, but was still low.

Background Continuity of care is an important element of advanced prostate cancer care due to the availability of multiple treatment options, and associated toxicity. However, the association between continuity of care and outcomes across different racial groups remains unclear. Objective To assess the association of provider continuity of care with outcomes among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries with advanced prostate cancer and its variation by race. Design Retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data. Subjects African American and white Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 or older, and diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer between 2000 and 2011. At least 5 years of follow‐up data for the cohort was used. Measures Short‐term outcomes were emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, and cost during acute survivorship phase (2‐year post‐diagnosis), and mortality (all‐cause and prostate cancer‐specific) during the follow‐up period. We calculated continuity of care using Continuity of Care Index (COCI) and Usual Provider Care Index (UPCI), for all visits, oncology visits, and primary care visits in acute survivorship phase. We used Poisson models for ER visits and hospitalizations, and log‐link GLM for cost. Cox model and Fine‐Gray competing risk models were used for survival analysis, weighted by propensity score. We performed similar analysis for continuity of care in the 2‐year period following acute survivorship phase. Results One unit increase in COCI was associated with reduction in short‐term ER visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64, 0.67), hospitalizations (IRR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.64, 0.67), and cost (0.64, 95% CI 0.61, 0.66) and lower hazard of long‐term mortality. Magnitude of these associations differed between African American and white patients. We observed comparable results for continuity of care in the follow‐up period. Conclusions Continuity of care was associated with improved outcomes. The benefits of higher continuity of care were greater for African Americans, compared to white patients. Advanced prostate cancer survivorship care must integrate appropriate strategies to promote continuity of care. Summary of models on the interactive effects of race and continuity of care (overall) on ER visits, hospitalizations, cost, all‐cause mortality and cancer‐specific mortality, weighted by propensity score—advanced‐stage prostate cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1561563.].

ObjectiveThe aim was to study the incidence and survival of patients with uterine sarcoma diagnosed in the period from 2000 to 2012 based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsAll 18 registries of the SEER database were used to select cases. We included women aged 30 years or older diagnosed with uterine sarcoma. Histological subtypes were defined as leiomyosarcoma, carcinosarcoma, stromal sarcoma, adenosarcoma, and sarcoma not otherwise specified according to the 2003 World Health Organization classification. Using SEER*Stat software version 8.1.2. We calculated the age-adjusted incidence rates, extent of disease at time of diagnosis, and survival rates with different treatment modalities for white, black, and other races. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis were done to examine factors affecting survival.ResultsWe identified 13,089 patients diagnosed with uterine sarcoma in the period from 2000 to 2012. The age-adjusted incidence rate for patients aged 50 years or older was more than that of younger patients (6.4/105 vs 1.5/105, P < 0.0001). Also, the age-adjusted incidence rate for black women was twice that of white women (7.3/105 vs 3.5/105, P < 0.0001). Carcinosarcoma was the most commonly diagnosed subtype followed by leiomyosarcoma. Women aged 50 years or older had worse survival than those younger than 50 years (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.64–1.92; P < 0.001). The overall survival of patients who had surgery with radiation was better than those who had surgery alone (hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.83–0.95; P < 0.001). In women with localized disease, surgery was associated with better survival than surgery with radiation (66.4% vs 74.4%, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsUterine sarcoma is an aggressive tumor that occurs more in old age and among women of black race. Poor survival was associated with old age, black race, and advanced disease stage. Radiotherapy in patients with localized stage does not improve the survival.

Background Approximately one third of all patients with CRC present with, or subsequently develop, colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The objective of this population-based analysis was to assess the impact of resection of liver only, lung only and liver and lung metastases on survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and resected primary tumor. Methods Ten thousand three hundred twenty-five patients diagnosed with mCRC between 2010 and 2015 with resected primary were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Overall, (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were analyzed by Cox regression with multivariable, inverse propensity weight, near far matching and propensity score adjustment. Results The majority (79.4%) of patients had only liver metastases, 7.8% only lung metastases and 12.8% metastases of lung and liver. 3-year OS was 44.5 and 27.5% for patients with and without metastasectomy (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.58–0.65, P  < 0.001). Metastasectomy uniformly improved CSS in patients with liver metastases (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.67–0.77, P  < 0.001) but not in patients with lung metastases (HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.62–1.12, P  = 0.232) and combined liver and lung metastases (HR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75–1.06, P  = 0.196) in multivariable analysis. Adjustment by inverse propensity weight, near far matching and propensity score and analysis of OS yielded similar results. Conclusions This is the first SEER analysis assessing the impact of metastasectomy in mCRC patients with removed primary tumor on survival. The analysis provides compelling evidence of a statistically significant and clinically relevant increase in OS and CSS for liver resection but not for metastasectomy of lung or both sites.

Distant metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer, yet comprehensive population-based evaluations of metastatic site combinations and their survival implications are limited. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological determinants and prognostic outcomes of site-specific and multi-organ metastases in breast cancer using SEER data. A total of 200,558 female breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2023 were extracted from the SEER database. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between clinicopathological features and metastatic patterns. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate overall survival (OS) across different metastatic site combinations. Among patients with distant metastasis classified into 15 common metastatic patterns, bone was the most common metastatic site (21.3%), followed by lung (16.1%), liver (9.2%), and brain (2.9%). Molecular subtypes showed distinct organotropism: HR+/HER2 − tumors were prone to bone-only metastasis, whereas HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes were more likely to involve visceral and brain metastases. Multi-organ metastases, especially combinations including the brain (e.g., brain + liver + lung), were associated with the poorest prognosis (median OS: 4.0 months). Younger age (≤ 40 years), higher histological grade (Grade III), and tumor location in the axillary tail or unspecified regions were independently associated with increased metastatic risk. Grade III tumors exhibited broader visceral spread and significantly worse survival compared to lower-grade tumors. This is the first population-based study to systematically characterize 15 metastatic site combinations and their survival outcomes across molecular subtypes. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of breast cancer metastasis and underscore the need for subtype-specific, site-targeted surveillance strategies and prognostic assessment tools.

Objectives To evaluate gender differences in initial presentation, pathology and outcomes with GC (GC). Methods The 1973–2013 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 17-registry database was analysed for renal tumours from 1973 to 2013 coded as primary site “stomach”. After various exclusions, a final study group of 99,922 cases with complete data was obtained. Demographic variables analysed included age, sex, marital status and race. Tumour variables included size, stage at diagnosis, grade, primary site, treatment and histology. Primary outcome variables included overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results Overall, 96,501 gastric cancer patients were identified. Of those, 34,862 (36.2%) were women. For woman, log-rank test showed that OS and CSS were significantly longer in man ( p  < 0.0001). In Cox regression analysis, woman was associated with a significantly improved OS [(HR of death in 1973 to 2003 = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85–0.89, P  < 0.001) (HR of death in 2004 to 2013 = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91–0.97, P  < 0.001)] and cancer-specific survival [(HR of death in 1973 to 2003 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87–0.92, P  < 0.001) (HR of death in 2004 to 2013 = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87–0.93, P  < 0.001)]. When performing a Kaplan-Meier curve analysis after propensity score matching, gender persisted to be a significant survival of woman for OS and CSS. Conclusions Men present with larger, higher stage, higher grade GC than women. OS and CSS are better in women, which is significantly different.