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Background Forensic odontology plays a crucial role in personal identification in medico-legal cases and massive-scale disasters. The maxillofacial skeleton harbors various landmarks that provide pertinent information in biological sex and age determination. This study aimed to examine the morphology and dimensions of the nasopalatine canal (NPC) in sagittal, coronal, and axial sections on cone beam computed tomography images of individuals of Indian origin. A total of 200 CBCT images (100 males, 100 females) aged 18–65 years were analyzed. The study sought to correlate NPC morphology with age and biological sex. Morphological categories were defined after calibration with a radiologist, and statistical analyses, including chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann–Whitney U , and independent t tests, were performed. Inter- and intra-observer reliability was assessed using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results The NPC showed considerable morphological variability. Round cross-sectional shape was most prevalent (52%), significantly more in males (61%), while females had a higher frequency of oval shapes (43%). Single canal shape was the most frequent (59.5%) in the longitudinal view on coronal sections. Cylindrical shape was common (51.5%) in the longitudinal view on sagittal sections. External borders varied with age: V-shaped in the 18–30 group (42.5%) and reverse V-shaped in the 31–65 group (45.7%). A single NPC opening was observed in 82.5% of cases, with a significant increase in prevalence in older age groups (91.5%). Males exhibited significantly larger dimensions for the diameter of the nasopalatine foramen and incisive foramen, NPC length, and nasopalatine angle compared to females. No significant age-related variability was noted in NPC dimensions. Conclusion The study highlights the substantial variability in NPC morphology in individuals of Indian origin. The most common findings were a round cross-sectional shape, single canal longitudinally, and a reverse V-shaped external border in older individuals. Biological sex had a significant impact on NPC dimensions, with males exhibiting larger values than females. Hence, the results of morphometric analysis of NPC could be used as a valuable data pool for biological sex determination in forensic research.

Background The premature fusion of one cranial suture, also referred to as non-syndromic craniosynostosis, most commonly involves premature fusion of the sagittal, coronal, or metopic sutures, in that order. Population-based epidemiological studies have found that the birth prevalence of single-suture craniosynostosis is both suture- and sex-dependent. Methods Transcriptomic data from 199 individuals with isolated sagittal (n = 100), unilateral coronal (n = 50), and metopic (n = 49) synostosis were compared against a control population (n = 50) to identify transcripts accounting for the different sex-based frequencies observed in this disease. Results Differential sex-based gene expression was classified as either gained (divergent) or lost (convergent) in affected individuals to identify transcripts related to disease predilection. Divergent expression was dependent on synostosis sub-type, and was extensive in metopic craniosynostosis specifically. Convergent microarray-based expression was independent of synostosis sub-type, with convergent expression of FBN2, IGF2BP3, PDE1C and TINAGL1 being the most robust across all synostosis sub-types. Conclusions Analysis of sex-based gene expression followed by validation by qRT-PCR identified that concurrent upregulation of FBN2 and IGF2BP3, and downregulation of TINAGL1 in craniosynostosis cases were all associated with increased RUNX2 expression and may represent a transcriptomic signature that can be used to characterize a subset of single-suture craniosynostosis cases.

هدفت الدراسة على الكشف عن \"اضطراب الهوية الجنسية دراسة فقهية طبية\". وتناولت الدراسة فصلين هما: الفصل الأول \"العرض الطبي لحالات اضطراب الهوية الجنسية\" وتضمن \"المبحث الأول الوصف الطبي المجمل للحالة محل البحث، والمبحث الثاني أسباب اضطراب الهوية الجنسية، والمبحث الثالث تأريخ ونسبة وجود هذه المشكلة، والمبحث الرابع اضطراب الهوية الجنسية مرض، أم انحراف؟، والمبحث الخامس المصطلحات ذات الصلة باضطراب الهوية الجنسية ودلالة هذه المصطلحات، والمبحث السابع معيار تحديد الهوية الجنسية، والمبحث الثامن الصلة بين معيار الظاهر لتحديد الهوية الجنسية والمعيار الطبي فيه، والمبحث التاسع الوصف الطبي المفصل للحالة محل البحث، والمبحث العاشر الإجراء الطبي المعمول به في علاج اضطراب الهوية الجنسية\". وتمثل الفصل الثاني في \"الدراسة الفقهية لحالات اضطراب الهوية الجنسية\" وتضمن \"المبحث الأول معيار تحديد جنس المولود بين الشرع والطب، والمبحث الثاني حكم الشريعة في المعيار الحسي للذكورة والأنوثة، والمبحث الثالث قول أهل العلم فيما يتعين على المخنث فعله لترك التخنث، والمبحث الرابع رأي القائلين بجواز التحول الجنسي لمضطربي الهوية الجنسية، والمبحث الخامس أنواع التغيير الجنسي وأحكامه، والمبحث السادس التصنيف الشرعي لمضطربي الهوية الجنسية، والمبحث السابع ما يترتب على تصنيف الطب النفسي لمضربي الهوية الجنسية، والمبحث الثامن أسباب عجز الطب النفسي عن الوصول إلى علاج لمرض اضطراب الهوية الجنسية، والمبحث التاسع تأثير الشيطان على النفس الإنسانية، وجدوى التسليم بهذا في علاج اضطراب الهوية الجنسية\". وتوصلت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج منها: أولاً \"اضطراب الهوية الجنسية هو ضيق شديد من الشخص سوي الخلقة بجنسه الذي خلق عليه، وشعوره ملح عنده بأن جنسه خلاف خلقته\". ثانياً \"مضطربو الهوية الجنسية أسوياء في خلقتهم، بما في هذا أعضاؤهم الجنسية الظاهرة والباطنة، وهذه الأعضاء تقوم بخصائصها المعتادة في الذكر والأنثى، وكذلك فإن هرموناتهم وجيناتهم موافقة لخلقتهم السوية\". كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2018

Ticks are important ectoparasites affecting livestock worldwide, serving as vectors of diseases that challenge traditional livestock farming. Most studies on tick infestations in Nigeria are focused on population-level assessments, providing limited insights into co-infestation and assemblage patterns on their host. In this study, we estimated ixodid tick diversity and abundance at a major cattle market in Edo State, Nigeria, following community-level methods, which would give further insight into their predilection preference by life stage, sex, and tick species. We employed a cross-sectional survey from January to March 2024, collecting tick samples from 95 cattle. A total of 1930 ticks (1689 adults, 241 nymphs; Among adults: 1570 females and 119 males) were collected, belonging to three genera (Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis) and 12 species. However, the result of the Species accumulation curve and a Jackknife 2 estimator indicated a tick species richness of 15. R. annulatus, R. decoloratus, and R. geigyi were the most abundant, accounting for over 92% of ticks collected. Permutative Multivariate Analysis of Variance tests showed significant differences (p < 0.001) in tick community composition when compared by sex and life stage, but not by predilection sites. Also, a Factor Analysis of Mixed data did not reveal a species-specific preference for any predilection site. Furthermore, Margalef indices of tick diversity were not significantly different (P > 0.05) in all predilection sites. Given the role of cattle trade in spreading ticks across regions, our findings suggest the need for broader tick surveillance in Edo State due to the potential underrepresentation of abundance and diversity. Also, the lack of species-specific predilection suggests that control strategies should target all host body parts.

This investigation addressed the relationship between men's and women's predilections for film with a love story, suspense, or sex and violence theme and how that predilection related to rape myth acceptance (RMA). Also examined was how men's and women's predilections, as they related to RMA, were moderated by exposure to different levels of sexually violent media based on a true story. Finally, the relationship between traditional attitudes and film predilection, as well as the relationship between film predilection and attitudes toward film editing, were investigated. Results indicate that men prefer film with sex and violence significantly more than women do, whereas women prefer love stories significantly more than men do. Those with sex and violence film predilections are more accepting of RMA than those with love story or suspense predilections. Women's film predilections and their relationship to RIVIA attitudes are moderated to an extent by exposure to sexually violent media based on a true story, whereas men's attitudes remain unaffected. Finally, those with sex and violence film predilections are less in favor of film editing than are those with suspense or love story predilections. Theoretical explanations for the findings are discussed and their implications. Adapted from the source document.

This chapter contains sections titled: References and Further Reading