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Global mobility of highly skilled people : multidisciplinary perspectives on self-initiated expatriation
This volume examines self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), the category of highly skilled people whose movement from one country to another is by choice. Although they are not forced to relocate due to work, conflict or natural disaster, their migration pattern is every bit as complex. The book challenges previous theoretical approaches that take for granted a more simplistic view of this population, and advances that mobility of SIEs relates to the expatriates themselves, their conditions and the different structures intervening in their career life course. With their visible increase worldwide, this book positions itself as a nexus for this on-going discussion, while linking self-initiated expatriation to the theoretical landscape of international skilled migration and mobility. Major interests that catch attention are transnational practices, work-related experiences and personal life course, including forms of inequalities in their migration experiences. The book identifies forms and drivers of migratory behaviour and provides an argument concerning the broader processes of mobility and integration. As such, this book constitutes a departure point for future research in terms of theoretical underpinnings and empirical rigor on global highly skilled mobility of SIEs. The collection of empirical case studies offers an insightful analysis for policy makers, concerned stakeholders and organizations to better cope with this form of migration.
Book
Are the Unemployed Unemployable?
This paper develops a matching model of the labor market under wage rigidity when hiring decisions are irreversible. There are two types of workers, the skilled and the unskilled. The model is used to analyze whether technological advances may have increased unemployment. It is shown that it is likely to be so if they are associated with an increase in the productivity and/or the supply of skilled workers relative to unskilled workers. These effects are stronger when hiring decisions are more irreversible.
Journal Article
Current and Future Challenges Faced by Third-Country Nationals Who Want to Access the Labour Market in the European Union: The Case of Luxembourg
Skill shortages have become obvious in many European countries during the last few years, when specific sectors required more skilled personnel. In this article, we analyse the ongoing discussion regarding whether skill shortages can be addressed by hiring third-country nationals from abroad or reskilling or upskilling job seekers inside the country. The analysis is based on EMN studies, official documents, and other publicly available sources and focusses on Luxembourg as a case study. It describes the challenges faced by Luxembourg as a small but economically viable country and which pathways are used to attract skilled workers.
Journal Article
High-skilled migration : drivers and policies
Olitical and scientific debates on migration policies have mostly focused on governments' efforts to control or reduce low-skilled, asylum, and irregular migration or to encourage the return migration of these categories. Less research and constructive discourse has been conducted on the role and effectiveness of policies to attract or retain high-skilled workers. An improved understanding of the drivers and dynamics of high-skilled migration is essential for effective policy-making, as most highly developed and emerging economies experience growing shortages of high-skilled labour supply in certain occupations and sectors, and skilled immigration is often viewed as one way of addressing these. Simplistic assumptions that high-skilled migrants are primarily in pursuit of higher wages raise the expectation that policies which open channels for high-skilled immigration are generally successful. Although many countries have introduced policies aimed at attracting and facilitating the recruitment of high-skilled workers, not all recruitment efforts have had the desired effects, and anecdotal evidence on the effectiveness of these programmes is rather mixed. The reason is that the rather narrow focus on migration policy coincides with a lack of systematic and rigorous consideration of other economic, social, and political drivers of migration, which may be equally - or sometimes even more - important than migration policies per se. A better understanding of migration policies, their making, consequences and limitations, requires a systematic knowledge of the broader economic, social and political structures and their interaction in both origin and destination countries. This book enhances this vibrant field of social scientific enquiry by providing a systematic, multidisciplinary, and global analysis of policies driving international high-skilled migration processes in their interaction with other migration drivers at the individual, city, national, and international level.-- Provided by Publisher.
Book
Can Digital Economy Drive Income Level Growth in the Context of Sustainable Development? Fresh Evidence from “Broadband China”
In the context of the rapid development of digital economy and the promotion of sustainable development, this paper focuses on the impact of digital economy on income levels. Based on the panel data of 195 prefecture-level cities, the “Broadband China” pilot has been regarded as a natural experiment for the measurement of the digital economy. In this paper, a time-varying DID model was established to evaluate the influential effect of “Broadband China” on income growth. It was found that the coming into service of “Broadband China” has increased the overall income level of the Chinese labor force. Further research found that “Broadband China” has done more to raise the income levels of the high-skilled labor force, thus widening the income gap between the high-, medium-, and low-skilled labor force. “Broadband China” can affect the income growth via two mechanisms, namely, “increasing the entrepreneurship rate” and “leading to an increase in the overall number of professional and skilled labor force in China”. In this case, the entrepreneurship rate of the high-skilled labor force may be higher than that of the medium- and low-skilled labor force due to human capital accumulation. The rapid increase in the high-skilled labor force in technical industries will lead to the situation where their income growth effect is higher than that of the medium- and low-skilled labor force. Based on the above research results, this paper puts forward policy suggestions from three aspects: further accelerating the process of digital economy; improving the institutional environment of the broadband network and standardizing the order of the construction of the broadband network; and further stimulating the entrepreneurial motivation of labor force, paying attention to the problem of skill bias and optimizing the employment structure, balancing efficiency and equity, and contributing to the ultimate sustainable development of developing countries.
Journal Article
The skill code : how to save human ability in an age of intelligent machines
\"A guide to protecting your skill in a world filling with AI and robots\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Skilling and deskilling: technological change in classical economic theory and its empirical evidence
This article reviews and brings together two literatures: classical political economists' views on the skilling or deskilling nature of technological change in England, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when they wrote, are compared with the empirical evidence about the skill effects of technological change that emerges from studies of economic historians. In both literatures, we look at both the skill impacts of technological change and at the \"inducement mechanisms\" that are envisaged for the introduction of new technologies. Adam Smith and Karl Marx both regarded the deskilling of the labour force as the predominant form of biased technical change, but other authors such as Charles Babbage also took account of capital-skill complementarities and skill-enhancing effects of technological change. For Smith, the deskilling bias was an unintended by-product of the increasing division of labour, which in his view \"naturally\" led to ever more simplification of workers' tasks. As opposed to Smith, Marx considered unskilled-biased technical change as a bourgeois weapon in the class struggle for impairing the workers' bargaining position. Studies of economic historians lend support to Marx's hypothesis about the inducement mechanisms for the introduction of unskilled-biased innovations, but have produced no clearcut empirical evidence for a deskilling tendency of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century technological change as a whole. Industrialization in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries rather led to labour polarization, by simultaneously deskilling a large part of the workforce and raising the demand for some (but fewer) high-skilled workers.
Journal Article
How Does Industrial Intelligence Impact the Integration of the Industrial and Innovation Chains: Evidence from China
Promoting the integration of the industrial and innovation chains (ICIC) constitutes a crucial strategy adopted by the Chinese government to foster sustainable economic development. Industrial intelligence (II), as a prominent application of artificial intelligence in the manufacturing sector, serves as a key engine for China’s industrial upgrading and has garnered widespread scholarly attention regarding its economic impacts. Using provincial-level panel data from China spanning 2011 to 2023, this study empirically investigates the impact of II on ICIC. The empirical results indicate the following: First, II exerts a significant positive impact on ICIC, and this conclusion remains robust after a series of robustness tests. Second, high-tech enterprises agglomeration and high-skilled labor agglomeration act as two critical channels through which II promotes ICIC, whereas technological innovation fails to play a mediating role. Third, both digital infrastructure and marketization positively moderate the relationship between II and ICIC, thereby significantly amplifying the positive impact of II on ICIC. Fourth, the positive effect of II on ICIC is found to be universally applicable: II can significantly promote ICIC in provinces with either strong or weak manufacturing (service) industries. These findings offer valuable theoretical support and practical implications for countries worldwide with diverse endowments in manufacturing and service industries that are pursuing II and striving to promote ICIC.
Journal Article