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Efficacy of a Savings-Led Microfinance Intervention to Reduce Sexual Risk for HIV Among Women Engaged in Sex Work: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Objectives. We tested whether a structural intervention combining savings-led microfinance and HIV prevention components would achieve enhanced reductions in sexual risk among women engaging in street-based sex work in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, compared with an HIV prevention intervention alone. Methods. Between November 2011 and August 2012, we randomized 107 eligible women who completed baseline assessments to either a 4-session HIV sexual risk reduction intervention (HIVSRR) alone (n = 50) or a 34-session HIVSRR plus a savings-led microfinance intervention (n = 57). At 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments, participants reported unprotected acts of vaginal intercourse with paying partners and number of paying partners with whom they engaged in sexual intercourse in the previous 90 days. Using Poisson and zero-inflated Poisson model regressions, we examined the effects of assignment to treatment versus control condition on outcomes. Results. At 6-month follow-up, the HIVSRR plus microfinance participants reported significantly fewer paying sexual partners and were more likely to report zero unprotected vaginal sex acts with paying sexual partners. Conclusions. Findings advance the HIV prevention repertoire for women, demonstrating that risk reduction may be achieved through a structural intervention that relies on asset building, including savings, and alternatives to income from sex work.
Journal Article
Leadership and small business : the power of stories
\"This innovative book combines theoretical and practical perspectives with the power of storytelling to present a new understanding of leadership as a concept and endeavour in the small business organisation. With the assertion that leadership capability is a key function of small firm survival and growth, it underlines the importance of addressing the phenomenon within smal business. Employing storytelling as a fresh alternative to a traditional case study approach, the narrative of leading with purpose in real time is captured alongside relevant and current academic debate. In building upon the Harvard model of purpose driven leadership, the author offers a new definition and discussion of leadership that connects theory to real impact, based on research carried out with UK small business organisations. The overall aim of the book is to provoke interest in small business leadership and generate new knowledge of leading with purpose\"--Back cover.
Book
Dynamic capabilities, value creation and value capture: Evidence from SMEs under Covid-19 lockdown in Poland
Dynamic capabilities, resulting from activities that allow conscious and skillful modification of a firm’s strategic potential, are seen as one of the key drivers of a firm’s value creation, competitive advantage and above-average performance in changing environments. However, little is known about how dynamic capabilities can shape business survival and performance during crises. The research objective of this paper is twofold. First, through a literature review, we seek to identify which first-order dynamic capabilities–managerial decisions under uncertainty—are vital for rapid response to a crisis. Second, we present the results of research carried out among 151 small and medium-sized companies in Poland immediately after the beginning of the economic lockdown (April 2020). The survey that we developed identifies which dynamic capabilities were essential for businesses to survive during this unexpected black swan event. We also present dependence and regression analyses showing the links between the identified dynamic capabilities and value creation, understood as retaining employees and production levels, as well as value capture, understood as maintaining cash flow and current revenues.
Journal Article
A History of Enterprise Policy
Governments in developed and developing economies have increasingly turned to entrepreneurship and small businesses for economic growth, dynamism and economic and social inclusion. Policies seeking to encourage, support or otherwise influence these forms of economic activity are varied but virtually omnipresent, recommended by organisations such as the OECD and World Bank and implemented by governments of many political ideologies. With a range of activities across government labelled as enterprise policy, it is vital to unpick the different policies, initiatives and interventions and to understand their development in order to subject them to scrutiny and evaluate the actions taken in the name of enterprise.
This book provides the first in-depth, historical analysis of enterprise policy in the UK. Successive UK governments have been particularly active, with the number of initiatives estimated recently at 3000 and expenditure reaching as high as £12bn, yet facing continuous criticisms for its use, value or relevance. This historical study of UK enterprise policy represents a case study of different forms of enterprise policy and how they have developed, or failed to develop, over time, contributing to understanding of government, small business and entrepreneurship. It will be of value to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students interested in the history of small business and entrepreneurship as well as standing as a history of a specific policy area and the ways in which policies involving many different areas of government develop over time.
eBook
Telling the story : the heart and soul of successful leadership
\"Telling the Story is both practical (with tips, exercises and examples) and thought provoking. It argues for a re-enchantment of our disenchanted world and for the recognition of more human and humane values in our organizational lives.The art of narrative leadership is important for senior executives, middle managers and concerned citizens.Distilling the author's considerable experience as a public service leader, research academic, organizational consultant, performing storyteller and leadership coach on top management programmes, Telling the Story shows how leaders affect our understanding of what is possible and desirable through the stories they tell and the stories they live. It opens a door into the world of narrative leadership: what stories are and how they work; when to tell a story and how to tell one well; how the stories we tell (and the language and metaphors we use) influence our actions and shape the way we think about the world. The book also challenges us to consider the purposes behind our stories: what are we leading for? What are the big stories of our time and how can our own stories help to create the kind of future we want for ourselves and our children?\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Build your business in 90 minutes a day
\"A super practical guide to building a successful business byspending ninety minutes a day on the stuff that really matters Have you got a brilliant business idea, but not sure how to findthe time to start making it a reality? Or perhaps you have yourdream up and running but you need help to grow? Well, bestsellingcoach and entrepreneur, Nigel Botterill, is here to help. Nigel hasbuilt eight separate million pound+ businesses from scratchand won a shed full of awards in the process. No one knows betterthan him what it takes to build big businesses fast! In his newsuper practical book, Nigel will equip you with the tools to thinkbig, start small, grow fast and build a successful business in90-minute chunks! Yes, that's right, Nigel says if you dedicatejust 90 minutes a day -- that's just ... 20% of your time-- working on getting and keeping customers (the stuff thatreally matters!) you can grow your small business and make it areal success. This principle has been one of the foundations ofNigel's entrepreneurial success and now he wants to share this withsmall businesses everywhere. Designed to be read in just 90 minutes A mixture of wisdom, teaching and success stories from Nigeland the entrepreneurs he has helped Learn from the super successful, multi-award winning smallbusiness guru with eight separate million pound+ businesses that hehas built and grown from scratch! \"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
UK credit and discouragement during the GFC
The availability of credit to entrepreneurs with good investment opportunities is an important facilitator of economic growth. Under normal economic conditions, most entrepreneurs who requested loans receive them. In a global financial crisis, popular opinion is that banks are severely restricting lending to smaller businesses. This assumes that low levels of investment are caused by supply-side restrictions in the credit market. Little is said about potential changes in the demand for credit and how it is influenced by entrepreneurs' perceptions about supply-side restrictions. One particularly interesting, and under-researched, group of small businesses is that who have potentially good investment opportunities, but are discouraged from applying for external funding as they fear rejection. In this study, we question whether these entrepreneurs were correct in their assumptions. We find that levels of discouragement are quite low in general at 2.7 % of the total smaller business population. Further analysis implies that 55.6 % of discouraged borrowers would have got loans had they applied.
Journal Article