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"SOCIAL SPENDING"
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Structure of the population or economic conditions? Determinants of spending on social protection in the European Union
The paper examines the relationship between dependent variables (spending on social protection and spending on social protection benefits) and variables that capture the economic structure of the population and economic activity on the example of panel data of 26 European Union (EU) countries (except for Bulgaria and Croatia) over the years 2000-2017. In particular, the economic structure of the population is analysed by the age dependency ratio, while economic activity is expressed by the real GDP per capita growth rate and the unemployment rate. Regardless of the estimation technique for specifications with variables transformed to first differences, the results of the study indicate a statistically significant association between the dependent variables and the macroeconomic conditions of the EU countries. By contrast, the relationships between the dependency ratios and the dependent variables are positive but generally statistically insignificant, although EU countries are undergoing advanced processes of population ageing.
Journal Article
Left without a future? : social justice in anxious times
The roots of the recent financial crisis can be found in the substantial changes which have affected British economy and society over the last three decades. In economic terms, the UK has transformed from a predominantly industrial to one led by services and creative industries, whilst society has also became less industrial with new class 'networks' emerging. Post-war Social Democracy in its original form - as advocated by Tony Crosland - relied heavily on an industrial economy and society. A central statist, ideal-oriented version of Social Democracy can only go so far in the post-crash economy and society, hence the ease with which many of New Labour's reforms and resource allocation have since been reversed by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition. The centre-left has always been at its strongest when building new long-term institutions such as the NHS, expanding higher education, establishing the national minimum wage and increasing access to national parks. Anthony Painter here argues that this institution-building tradition is the one to which the left should return. He advocates new economic, social and cultural policies which provide a manifesto for the future development of Social Democracy - and centre-left institutions - in Britain -- P. 4 of cover.
BOOK
The impact of the COVID-19 crisis on income distribution under different protection schemes: the case of Spain
Iuse household survey data to microsimulate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on income distribution in Spain. I estimate the cost of potential lockdowns under three different low-income public protection schemes. Results show that although the COVID-19 shock has reduced income for all deciles of the income distribution, the losses are not uniformly distributed. The worst economic effects of the pandemic are not on the poorest, but on individuals in the middle and wealthy groups of the ex-ante income distribution. Low-income benefits help to moderate income losses and to curb poverty and inequality at various levels. It might be necessary to raise taxes and to resort to expenditure reducing policies to maintain protection in the context of contraction and lower government revenues.
Journal Article
The high cost of good intentions : a history of U.S. federal entitlement programs
\"[This book] is the first comprehensive history of these federal entitlement programs. Combining economics, history, political science, and law, [the author] reveals how the creation of entitlements brings forth a steady march of liberalizing forces that cause entitlement programs to expand\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Guns, Butter, and Growth: The Consequences of Military Spending Reconsidered
How does increasing military spending affect social spending and economic growth? We argue leaders vary in their preferences over how to pay for military spending and failing to account for interdependence among methods of government finance, government spending, and economic performance limits scholars' ability to identify the consequences of military spending. We use vector autoregressive models to estimate the relationships among military spending, social spending, economic growth, tax revenue, debt, and the money supply in the United States between 1947 and 2007. We find that increasing military spending has a nonlinear effect on economic growth that varies over time and the existence of a guns-versus-butter trade-off is conditional on the relative importance leaders place on protecting the social welfare state, borrowing money, and keeping taxes low when increasing military spending.
Journal Article
How big should our government be?
\"The size of government is arguably the most controversial discussion in United States politics, and this issue won't fade from prominence any time soon. There must surely be a tipping point beyond which more government taxing and spending harms the economy, but where is that point? In this accessible book, best-selling authors Jeff Madrick, Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, and Peter Lindert try to answer whether our government can grow any larger and examine how we can optimize growth and fair distribution\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The impact of Populist Radical Right Parties on socio-economic policies
Because they are now members of most Western European parliaments, Populist Radical Right Parties (PRRPs) have the potential to influence the formulation of socio-economic policies. However, scholarly attention so far has nearly exclusively focussed on the impact of PRRPs on what is considered their ‘core issue’, that is migration policy. In this paper, we provide the first mixed methods comparative study of the impact of PRRPs on redistributive and (de-)regulative economic policies. Combining quantitative data with qualitative case studies, our results show that the participation of PRRPs in right-wing governments has noteworthy implications for socio-economic policies. Due to the heterogeneous constituencies of PRRPs, these parties not only refrain from welfare state retrenchment but are also less inclined to engage in deregulation compared with right-wing governments without PRRP participation.
Journal Article
Race, “Deservingness,” and Social Spending Attitudes: The Role of Policy Delivery Mechanism
This paper examines how the means through which social benefits are delivered—either through a direct government program, or through a tax expenditure program—affects how citizens view social welfare programs and their beneficiaries. Attitudes toward social spending in the United States are strongly conditioned by both racial considerations and perceptions of the deservingness of recipients. We argue that the political cues given by spending conducted through the tax code differ from those given by direct spending in a way that both de-racializes spending attitudes and changes the lens through which citizens evaluate the deservingness of beneficiaries. Through a series of survey experiments, we demonstrate that social benefits delivered through the tax code are less likely to activate racialized thinking than similar or identical benefits delivered directly. This is true, at least in part, because recipients of tax expenditures are perceived as more deserving than recipients of otherwise identical direct spending.
Journal Article