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Popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, or average: Do young children of different sociometric groups differ in their level of oral communicative competence? Children’s sociometric status refers to their position within the peer group and plays a major role in their future social-cognitive development. It is therefore important to investigate factors that are related to it. Although it has been suggested that one of these factors is children’s level of oral communicative competence, little attention has been paid to its potential role. Therefore, the present study investigated sociometric group differences in the level of oral communicative competence in a sample of N = 570 children in early childhood education. Sociometric status was measured using a nomination procedure. Based on peer nominations, children were categorized into five sociometric groups: (1) popular (generally well-liked), (2) rejected (generally disliked), (3) neglected (low visibility and neither liked nor disliked), (4) controversial (high visibility and both liked and disliked), and (5) average (at or about the mean on both likability and visibility). In addition, children’s level of oral communicative competence was assessed with the Nijmegen Test for Pragmatics. Results of multi-level analyses revealed significant sociometric group differences: Children who were rejected or neglected by their peers exhibited lower levels of oral communicative competence than average children. Based on these findings, early childhood teachers are encouraged to pay more explicit attention to the promotion of their pupils’ oral communicative competence.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a hipótese de modificações nas redes relacionais do cônjuge masculino após o estabelecimento do vínculo conjugal. Os procedimentos metodológicos empregados foram a pesquisa-ação, usando o Psicodrama como método e a técnica psicodramática Átomo Social como recurso para a obtenção de dados, possibilitando a compreensão das redes relacionais antes e após a vida conjugal dos três participantes envolvidos. Conclui-se que a rede relacional sofre uma reconfiguração sociométrica, que está diretamente ligada à estabilidade e ao desempenho de outros papéis, bem como ao modelo de vínculo constituído pelo casal e por seus acordos conjugais, conciliando os objetivos comuns e os projetos pessoais e individuais.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de la preferencia y el rechazo entre iguales desde una perspectiva contextual, teniendo en cuenta los diferentes escenarios en los que se desarrollan las relaciones sociales. Para ello, se administró un cuestionario sociométrico que combina el método de nominaciones para los diferentes contextos de interacción (académico y ocio) con el método de asignación de atributos perceptivos. La muestra está compuesta por 777 alumnos pertenecientes al 2º y 3.er ciclo de Primaria y al 1.er ciclo de la ESO. Los principales resultados indican que la preferencia y el rechazo están mediatizados por los contextos interpersonales. Así, mientras que la preferencia está marcada por el contexto académico, el rechazo tiene una connotación trans-contextual. Los porcentajes de los diferentes tipos de preferidos y rechazados no varían entre los cursos analizados. Se identifican algunas características conductuales que diferencian a los distintos tipos de alumnos preferidos y rechazados. Se concluye que es necesario realizar análisis sociométricos contextualizados, ya que las relaciones sociales, y por lo tanto el estatus sociométrico, varían en función del escenario en el que se desarrollen. A contextual analysis of peer acceptance and peer rejection at school. The aim of this study is to carry out an analysis of peer acceptance and peer rejection from a contextual perspective, taking into account the different settings in which social relationships develop. A sociometric questionnaire was used that combined the nomination method for different interaction contexts (academic and leisure) with the method of allocation of perceptive attributes. The sample is made up of 777 pupils ranging from the 4th year of primary school to 2nd year of secondary. The main results indicate that acceptance and rejection are influenced by interpersonal contexts. So, whereas peer acceptance is identified with the academic context, peer rejection has a cross-contextual connotation. The percentages of the diverse kinds of acceptance and rejection do not vary among the school courses studied. Some behavioural characteristics that differentiate the kinds of students who are preferred and rejected are identified. In conclusion, contextualised sociometric analyses should be carried out, as social relationships –and therefore, sociometric status– vary depending on the setting in which they take place.

Building on absorptive capacity and social network research, in this paper I investigate how individuals inside the organization use external knowledge to generate innovations. Through original sociometric data collected from 276 scientists, researchers, and engineers from the Research and Development division of a large multinational high-tech company, I show that the effects of external knowledge on individuals' innovativeness are contingent upon individuals' position in the internal social structure. In particular, results indicate that the positive effects of external knowledge on innovation generation become more positive when individuals sourcing external knowledge span structural holes in the internal knowledge-sharing network.

This study examines how the joint use of integrators and contracts either enables or hampers coordination and, in turn, the performance of interorganizational project networks. Using extensive qualitative analyses and sociometric techniques, we investigated coordination among organizations during seven small- and medium-sized building projects. Our longitudinal study reveals how integrators develop connecting functions that, together with contracts’ steering functions, largely drive coordination dynamics. Further data analyses provide insight into how coordination hinges on the prevalence of connecting or steering, which may more or less fit with coordination needs in various project phases. Given these findings, we theorize the contingent nature of the interplay between the use of integrators and contracts throughout projects. Our findings are integrated into a process model of how coordination trajectories lead to different performance levels of interorganizational project networks. Our study has theoretical implications for the literature on project-based organizing and, more broadly, the literature on interorganizational coordination. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1151 .

At the top of parents' many wishes is for their children to be happy, to be good, and to be well-liked. Our findings suggest that these goals may not only be compatible but also reciprocal. In a longitudinal experiment conducted in 19 classrooms in Vancouver, 9- to 11-year olds were instructed to perform three acts of kindness (versus visit three places) per week over the course of 4 weeks. Students in both conditions improved in well-being, but students who performed kind acts experienced significantly bigger increases in peer acceptance (or sociometric popularity) than students who visited places. Increasing peer acceptance is a critical goal, as it is related to a variety of important academic and social outcomes, including reduced likelihood of being bullied. Teachers and interventionists can build on this study by introducing intentional prosocial activities into classrooms and recommending that such activities be performed regularly and purposefully.

O foco deste artigo é um roteiro para psicodramatistas e sociodramatistas. Primeiro, alguns marcadores de referência histórica e epistemológica são sublinhados para esclarecer alguns dos desafios e dos problemas relacionados à teoria (ou teorias) de Moreno, sua validação e aplicação. Em seguida, algumas estratégias são propostas para que a nossa própria comunidade possa cumprir sua missão global, ligada ao que Moreno chamou revoluções sociátricas e sociométricas.

Neste breve artigo relatamos uma sessão com um grande grupo, ocorrida no XVIII Congresso da IAGP – Associação Internacional de Psicoterapia de Grupo e Processos Grupais, em Cartagena das Índias, Colômbia. A Sociometria, o Sociograma, o Sociopsicodrama e o Psicossociodrama, além do role-playing permearam a sessão, teórica e praticamente. As ações desvelam, a partir da interculturalidade do grupo e de um olhar socionômico, a atual situação político-social e econômica internacional com suas tensões e consequências.

Dozens of studies in different nations have revealed that socioeconomic status only weakly predicts an individual's subjective well-being (SWB). These results imply that although the pursuit of social status is a fundamental human motivation, achieving high status has little impact on one's SWB. However, we propose that sociometric status—the respect and admiration one has in face-to-face groups (e.g., among friends or coworkers)—has a stronger effect on SWB than does socioeconomic status. Using correlational, experimental, and longitudinal methodologies, four studies found consistent evidence for a local-ladder effect: Sociometric status significantly predicted satisfaction with life and the experience of positive and negative emotions. Longitudinally, as sociometric status rose or fell, SWB rose or fell accordingly. Furthermore, these effects were driven by feelings of power and social acceptance. Overall, individuals' sociometric status matters more to their SWB than does their socioeconomic status.

Responding to demands for transformed farming practices requires new forms of knowledge. Given their scale and complexity, agricultural problems can no longer be solved by linear transfers in which technology developed by specialists passes to farmers by way of extension intermediaries. Recent research on alternative approaches has focused on the innovation systems formed by interactions between heterogeneous actors. Rather than linear transfer, systems theory highlights network facilitation as a specialized function. This paper contributes to our understanding of such facilitation by investigating the networks in which farmers discuss science. We report findings based on the study of a pastoral farming experiment collaboratively undertaken by a group of 17 farmers and five scientists. Analysis of prior contact and alter sharing between the group's members indicates strongly tied and decentralized networks. Farmer knowledge exchanges about the experiment have been investigated using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Network surveys identified who the farmers contacted for knowledge before the study began and who they had talked to about the experiment by 18 months later. Open-ended interviews collected farmer statements about their most valuable contacts and these statements have been thematically analysed. The network analysis shows that farmers talked about the experiment with 192 people, most of whom were fellow farmers. Farmers with densely tied and occupationally homogeneous contacts grew their networks more than did farmers with contacts that are loosely tied and diverse. Thematic analysis reveals three general principles: farmers value knowledge delivered by persons rather than roles, privilege farming experience, and develop knowledge with empiricist rather than rationalist techniques. Taken together, these findings suggest that farmers deliberate about science in intensive and durable networks that have significant implications for theorizing agricultural innovation. The paper thus concludes by considering the findings' significance for current efforts to rethink agricultural extension.