Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
26,226
result(s) for
"SOX"
Sort by:
Fenway fever
Twelve-year-old Alfredo \"Stats\" Pagano and Boston Red Sox pitcher Billee Orbitt work together to break a potential curse at Fenway Park.
Book
Identification and expression analysis of Sox family genes in echinoderms
The
Sox
gene family, a collection of transcription factors widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom, plays a crucial role in numerous developmental processes. Echinoderms occupy a pivotal position in many research fields, such as neuroscience, sex determination and differentiation, and embryonic development. However, to date, no comprehensive study has been conducted to characterize and analyze
Sox
genes in echinoderms. In the present study, the evolution and expression of
Sox
family genes across 11 echinoderms were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The results revealed a total of 70 Sox genes, with counts ranging from 5 to 8 across different echinoderms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified
Sox
genes could be categorized into seven distinct classes: the
SoxB1
class,
SoxB2
class,
SoxC
class,
SoxD
class,
SoxE
class,
SoxF
class and
SoxH
class. Notably, the
SoxB1
,
SoxB2
, and
SoxF
genes were ubiquitously present in all the echinoderms studied, which suggests that these genes may be conserved in echinoderms. The spatiotemporal expression patterns observed for
Sox
genes in the three echinoderms indicated that various
Sox
members perform distinct functional roles. Notably,
SoxB1
is likely involved in echinoderm ovary development, while
SoxH
may play a crucial role in testis development in starfish and sea cucumber. In general, the present investigation provides a molecular foundation for exploring the
Sox
gene in echinoderms, providing a valuable resource for future phylogenetic and genomic studies.
Journal Article
The World Series curse
Mike and Kate must solve a mystery during a World Series between the Cubs and the Red Sox when someone starts ruining equipment, getting players in trouble, and even stirring up an old baseball curse.
BOOK
DjsoxP-1 and Djsox5 are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration in Dugesia japonica
Sox
genes encode a family of transcription factors that regulate multiple biological processes during metazoan development, including embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, nervous system specification, and stem cell maintenance. The planarian
Dugesia japonica
contains a reservoir of stem cells that grow and divide continuously to support cellular turnover. However, whether SOX proteins retain these conserved functions in planarians remains to be determined. In this study, three
sox
gene homologs,
DjsoxP-1
,
DjsoxP-5
, and
Djsox5
, were identified in the planarian transcriptome, and their roles were investigated. The results showed that the amino acids deduced from the three
sox
genes all contained high-mobility group (HMG) domain sequences, which are highly conserved in sox family members. Whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results indicated that the three
sox
genes were mainly expressed in parenchymal tissues and regenerative blastema. Additionally, X-ray irradiation assay and dFISH suggested that the three
Djsox
genes were expressed in neoblasts and other cell types. Head regression in intact planarian and smaller blastemas in both head or tail fragments of regenerating planarians were exhibited with
DjsoxP-1
and
Djsox5
RNA interference (RNAi) compared to the control animals, suggesting that
DjsoxP-1
and
Djsox5
have essential roles during cellular turnover and regeneration in planarians; conversely, there was no obvious phenotypic abnormalities or regeneration defect in
DjsoxP-5
RNAi animals. Knockdown of
DjsoxP-1
or
Djsox5
decreased neoblast proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that
DjsoxP-1
and
Djsox5
are involved in cellular turnover and regeneration in planarians by modulating coordination between cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Journal Article
Waiting for Pumpsie
In 1959 Bernard is a young Red Sox fan, troubled by the lack of black players in major league baseball, especially as there are none at all on his favorite team--but change is coming in the form of a rookie named Pumpsie Green.
Book
Runx1 contributes to articular cartilage maintenance by enhancement of cartilage matrix production and suppression of hypertrophic differentiation
Osteoarthritis (OA) results from an imbalance of the dynamic equilibrium between the breakdown and repair of joint tissues. Previously, we reported that Runx1 enhanced chondrogenic differentiation through transcriptional induction of
COL2A1
, and suppressed hypertrophic differentiation. Here, we investigated the involvement of Runx1 in OA development as well as its potential underlying molecular mechanism. When we analysed OA development in
Col2a1-Cre;Runx1
fl/fl
and
Runx1
fl/fl
mice by surgically inducing joint instability, Cartilage degradation and osteophyte formation of
Col2a1-Cre;Runx1
fl/fl
joints was accelerated compared with joints in
Runx1
fl/fl
animals 8 weeks after surgery. To investigate chondrocyte regulation by Runx1, we analysed interactions with co-factors and downstream molecules. Runx1 enhanced cartilage matrix production in cooperation with Sox5, Sox6, and Sox9, and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed protein–protein binding between Runx1 and each Sox protein. Knockdown of Runx1 increased expression of a hypertrophic marker, Co10a1, in mouse articular cartilage and primary chondrocytes. This expression was accompanied by decreased expression of Bapx1, a potent suppressor of hypertrophic differentiation. Notably, Runx1-induced suppression of hypertrophic differentiation was diminished by siRNA silencing of
Bapx1
, whereas chondrogenic markers were unaltered. Thus, Runx1 contributes to articular cartilage maintenance by enhancing matrix production in cooperation with Sox proteins, and suppressing hypertrophic differentiation at least partly via Bapx1 induction.
Journal Article
Duplication and expression of Sox genes in spiders
Background
The Sox family of transcription factors is an important part of the genetic ‘toolbox’ of all metazoans examined to date and is known to play important developmental roles in vertebrates and insects. However, outside the commonly studied
Drosophila
model little is known about the repertoire of Sox family transcription factors in other arthropod species. Here we characterise the Sox family in two chelicerate species, the spiders
Parasteatoda tepidariorum
and
Stegodyphus mimosarum
, which have experienced a whole genome duplication (WGD) in their evolutionary history.
Results
We find that virtually all of the duplicate Sox genes have been retained in these spiders after the WGD. Analysis of the expression of Sox genes in
P. tepidariorum
embryos suggests that it is likely that some of these genes have neofunctionalised after duplication. Our expression analysis also strengthens the view that an orthologue of vertebrate Group B1 genes,
SoxNeuro
, is implicated in the earliest events of CNS specification in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In addition, a gene in the
Dichaete/Sox21b
class is dynamically expressed in the spider segment addition zone, suggestive of an ancient regulatory mechanism controlling arthropod segmentation as recently suggested for flies and beetles. Together with the recent analysis of Sox gene expression in the embryos of other arthropods, our findings support the idea of conserved functions for some of these genes, including a potential role for
SoxC
and
SoxD
genes in CNS development and
SoxF
in limb development.
Conclusions
Our study provides a new chelicerate perspective to understanding the evolution and function of Sox genes and how the retention of duplicates of such important tool-box genes after WGD has contributed to different aspects of spider embryogenesis. Future characterisation of the function of these genes in spiders will help us to better understand the evolution of the regulation of important developmental processes in arthropods and other metazoans including neurogenesis and segmentation.
Journal Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptome-Based Expression Profiling of the Sox Gene Family in the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
The Sox transcription factor family is characterized with the presence of a Sry-related high-mobility group (HMG) box and plays important roles in various biological processes in animals, including sex determination and differentiation, and the development of multiple organs. In this study, 27 Sox genes were identified in the genome of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and were classified into seven groups. The members of each group of the tilapia Sox genes exhibited a relatively conserved exon-intron structure. Comparative analysis showed that the Sox gene family has undergone an expansion in tilapia and other teleost fishes following their whole genome duplication, and group K only exists in teleosts. Transcriptome-based analysis demonstrated that most of the tilapia Sox genes presented stage-specific and/or sex-dimorphic expressions during gonadal development, and six of the group B Sox genes were specifically expressed in the adult brain. Our results provide a better understanding of gene structure and spatio-temporal expression of the Sox gene family in tilapia, and will be useful for further deciphering the roles of the Sox genes during sex determination and gonadal development in teleosts.
Journal Article
Identification of SRY‐box 30 as an age‐related essential gatekeeper for male germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation
Although important factors governing the meiosis have been reported in the embryonic ovary, meiosis in postnatal testis remains poorly understood. Herein, we first report that SRY‐box 30 (Sox30) is an age‐related and essential regulator of meiosis in the postnatal testis. Sox30‐null mice exhibited uniquely impaired testis, presenting the abnormal arrest of germ‐cell differentiation and irregular Leydig cell proliferation. In aged Sox30‐null mice, the observed testicular impairments were more severe. Furthermore, the germ‐cell arrest occurred at the stage of meiotic zygotene spermatocytes, which is strongly associated with critical regulators of meiosis (such as Cyp26b1, Stra8 and Rec8) and sex differentiation (such as Rspo1, Foxl2, Sox9, Wnt4 and Ctnnb1). Mechanistically, Sox30 can activate Stra8 and Rec8, and inhibit Cyp26b1 and Ctnnb1 by direct binding to their promoters. A different Sox30 domain required for regulating the activity of these gene promoters, providing a “fail‐safe” mechanism for Sox30 to facilitate germ‐cell differentiation. Indeed, retinoic acid levels were reduced owing to increased degradation following the elevation of Cyp26b1 in Sox30‐null testes. Re‐expression of Sox30 in Sox30‐null mice successfully restored germ‐cell meiosis, differentiation and Leydig cell proliferation. Moreover, the restoration of actual fertility appeared to improve over time. Consistently, Rec8 and Stra8 were reactivated, and Cyp26b1 and Ctnnb1 were reinhibited in the restored testes. In summary, Sox30 is necessary, sufficient and age‐associated for germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation in testes by direct regulating critical regulators. This study advances our understanding of the regulation of germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation in the postnatal testis. We reported that Sox30‐null mice exhibit uniquely impaired testis with irregular Leydig cell proliferation and abnormal germ‐cell arrest at zygotene, and the observed testicular impairments were more severe as mice aged. Sox30 controls male germ‐cell meiosis by a “fail‐safe” regulation of retinoic acid signalling, and re‐expression of Sox30 in Sox30‐null mice can successfully restore germ‐cell meiosis and differentiation. Moreover, the restoration of actual fertility appeared to improve over time.
Journal Article
SOX Transcription Factors as Important Regulators of Neuronal and Glial Differentiation During Nervous System Development and Adult Neurogenesis
The SOX proteins belong to the superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) that display properties of both classical TFs and architectural components of chromatin. Since the cloning of the Sox / SOX genes, remarkable progress has been made in illuminating their roles as key players in the regulation of multiple developmental and physiological processes. SOX TFs govern diverse cellular processes during development, such as maintaining the pluripotency of stem cells, cell proliferation, cell fate decisions/germ layer formation as well as terminal cell differentiation into tissues and organs. However, their roles are not limited to development since SOX proteins influence survival, regeneration, cell death and control homeostasis in adult tissues. This review summarized current knowledge of the roles of SOX proteins in control of central nervous system development. Some SOX TFs suspend neural progenitors in proliferative, stem-like state and prevent their differentiation. SOX proteins function as pioneer factors that occupy silenced target genes and keep them in a poised state for activation at subsequent stages of differentiation. At appropriate stage of development, SOX members that maintain stemness are down-regulated in cells that are competent to differentiate, while other SOX members take over their functions and govern the process of differentiation. Distinct SOX members determine down-stream processes of neuronal and glial differentiation. Thus, sequentially acting SOX TFs orchestrate neural lineage development defining neuronal and glial phenotypes. In line with their crucial roles in the nervous system development, deregulation of specific SOX proteins activities is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The overview of the current knowledge about the link between SOX gene variants and NDDs is presented. We outline the roles of SOX TFs in adult neurogenesis and brain homeostasis and discuss whether impaired adult neurogenesis, detected in neurodegenerative diseases, could be associated with deregulation of SOX proteins activities. We present the current data regarding the interaction between SOX proteins and signaling pathways and microRNAs that play roles in nervous system development. Finally, future research directions that will improve the knowledge about distinct and various roles of SOX TFs in health and diseases are presented and discussed.
Journal Article