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Objective. The study addresses the lack of a method that combines systematic reviews with Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). It proposes improvements to the SSF (Systematic Search Flow) method, introducing new review categories and incorporating AI tools. Method. It analyzed 44 types of literature reviews organized into seven distinct families with a narrative review approach. Based on this, the SSF method was updated with the support of generative AI. Results. It presents the evolution of the SSF, which incorporates generative AI to optimize search strategy, article selection and scientific writing. This results in faster reviews by filtering the results and analyzing a large volume of data. Conclusion. The update of the SSF Method represents a significant advance, offering a systematic and efficient guide for literature reviews. Although generative AI does not replace the critical judgment of the researcher, when guided by experienced researchers, it increases the efficiency of the process, making reviews more robust and methodologically rigorous.

Objectives This study aimed to present the different pattern of intravertebral vacuum cleft (IVC) related to high risk of cement complications in minimally invasive treatments for Kümmell's disease (KD) and relevant treatment strategies. Methods A retrospective study from January 2016 to January 2018 was conducted at Wuhan Fourth Hospital and comprised 35 patients with Kümmell's disease. There were seven males and 28 females, and the mean age of the patients was 70.4 years. The patterns of IVC in KD were analyzed. These patients were divided into three groups based on the treatment method used. The treatment methods included long‐segment fixation (LSF), posterior short‐segment fixation (SSF), and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). We retrospectively reviewed outcomes, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS) score, anterior height of affected vertebrae, kyphotic Cobb angle, and complications. Results All patients were followed up for 12–38 months. According to their radiographic appearance we could observe two main patterns of clefts. Pattern I, clefts that were found to be near to the endplate and connected with intervertebral space, the endplate was incomplete. Pattern II, IVC traversed to anterior edge of the vertebral body affected. Both were related to high risk of cement complications in minimal invasive treatments for KD. Good results have been achieved in LSF and SSF groups, the VAS, ODI, anterior height of affected vertebrae and kyphotic Cobb angle showed statistically significant differences between pre‐ and post‐operation and between pre‐ and final follow‐up (P < 0.05). In PKP group, although the VSA and ODI showed statistically significant differences between pre‐ and post‐operation and between pre‐ and final follow‐up (P < 0.05), we could observe that the VSA and ODI rebounded a little at the final follow‐up. Cement leakage into intervertebral space occurred in four (44.45%) patients of PKP group. Conclusions PKP should be chosen carefully if the IVC of the patient presents to be pattern I or II. LSF and SSF are safe and effective, and can achieve satisfactory correction of kyphosis and vertebral height, with pain relief and improvement in patient's daily life, with few complications.

Soluble coffee offers the combined benefits of high added value and practicality for its consumers. The hydrolysis of coffee polysaccharides by the biochemical route, using enzymes, is an eco-friendly and sustainable way to improve the quality of this product, while contributing to the implementation of industrial processes that have lower energy requirements and can reduce environmental impacts. This work describes the production of hydrolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation (SSF), cultivating filamentous fungi on waste from the coffee industry, followed by their application in the hydrolysis of waste coffee polysaccharides from soluble coffee processing. Different substrate compositions were studied, an ideal microorganism was selected, and the fermentation conditions were optimized. Cultivations for enzymes production were carried out in flasks and in a packed-bed bioreactor. Higher enzyme yield was achieved in the bioreactor, due to better aeration of the substrate. The best β-mannanase production results were found for a substrate composed of a mixture of coffee waste and wheat bran (1:1 w/w), using Aspergillus niger F12. The enzymatic extract proved to be very stable for 24 h, at 50 °C, and was able to hydrolyze a considerable amount of the carbohydrates in the coffee. The addition of a commercial cellulase cocktail to the crude extract increased the hydrolysis yield by 56%. The production of β-mannanase by SSF and its application in the hydrolysis of coffee polysaccharides showed promise for improving soluble coffee processing, offering an attractive way to assist in closing the loops in the coffee industry and creating a circular economy.

This article studies the environmental impacts of cellulase production by using a comparative attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of two different scenarios of production. The first one is the commonly used submerged fermentation (SmF) using a pure substrate (cellulose powder) and a specific microorganism (Trichoderma reesei). The second scenario considers a novel system to produce enzymes and simultaneously treat a waste using the solid-state fermentation (SSF) process of coffee husk (CH) used as substrate. Experimental data were used in this scenario. The complete production process was studied for these two technologies including the fermentation phase and the complete downstream of cellulase. Life cycle inventory (LCI) data were collected from the database EcoInvent v3 (SimaPro 8.5) modified by data from literature and pilot scale experiments. The environmental impacts of both production systems revealed that those of SmF were higher than those of SSF. A sensitivity analysis showed that the results are highly conditioned by the energy use in the form of electricity during lyophilization, which is needed in both technologies. The results point to a possible alternative to produce the cellulase enzyme while reducing environmental impacts.

The abundance of organic solid waste throughout the world has become a common issue that needs complete management at every level. Also, the scarcity of fuel and the competition between food and substance as an alternative to a petroleum-based product has become a major problem that needs to be properly handled. An urge to find renewable substances for sustainable development results in a strategy to valorize organic solid waste using solid state fermentation (SSF) and to manage the issue of solid wastes in a green approach. This paper reviews management of solid wastes using SSF, with regard to its current application, advantages and challenges, downstream processing in SSF, economic viewpoint, and future perspectives.

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which cleave the β-1, 4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. Xylan is the major hemicellulosic constituent found in soft and hard food. It is the next most abundant renewable polysaccharide after cellulose. Xylanases and associated debranching enzymes produced by a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast and fungi bring hydrolysis of hemicelluloses. Despite thorough knowledge of microbial xylanolytic systems, further studies are required to achieve a complete understanding of the mechanism of xylan degradation by xylanases produced by microorganisms and their promising use in pulp biobleaching. Cellulase-free xylanases are important in pulp biobleaching as alternatives to the use of toxic chlorinated compounds because of the environmental hazards and diseases caused by the release of the adsorbable organic halogens. In this review, we have focused on the studies of structural composition of xylan in plants, their classification, sources of xylanases, extremophilic xylanases, modes of fermentation for the production of xylanases, factors affecting xylanase production, statistical approaches such as Plackett Burman, Response Surface Methodology to enhance xylanase production, purification, characterization, molecular cloning and expression. Besides this, review has focused on the microbial enzyme complex involved in the complete breakdown of xylan and the studies on xylanase regulation and their potential industrial applications with special reference to pulp biobleaching, which is directly related to increasing pulp brightness and reduction in environmental pollution.

The threat of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing to global fisheries, particularly in lower‐income tropical regions, underscores the urgent need for science‐based solutions. This study explores the drivers and potential solutions to IUU fishing by Honduran fishers in the Cayman Crown reef, located within the territorial waters of Guatemala and Belize. We integrate science‐based and practical, local knowledge through household surveys and stakeholders' workshops, engaging fishers, government agencies and non‐governmental organizations NGOs to assess motivations for IUU fishing and possible interventions. Survey results reveal distinct spatial patterns in IUU fishing, with fishers from Omoa and Puerto Cortés being more likely to engage in IUU activities compared to those from Tela. Moreover, 16% of surveyed households reported involvement in Cayman Crown harvesting at some point, confirming previous findings on cross‐border IUU fishing in the region. The primary drivers of IUU fishing include the overexploitation of local fish stocks, declining landings (−44%), and economic hardship exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic and extreme weather events. In response, stakeholders identified five key themes for potential solutions: governance, capacity building, livelihood diversification, environmental awareness, and bilateral cooperation. Governance, capacity building, and diversification emerged as the most promising solutions, with fishers expressing a strong desire for greater participation in management, training opportunities, and alternative income sources. Synthesis and applications: In summary, our study underscores the vital need for a collaborative, cross‐border and inclusive strategy that accounts for the heterogeneous drivers and solutions of IUU fishing across municipalities and stakeholder groups. Strengthening co‐management mechanisms, enhancing capacity building and implementing context‐appropriate livelihood diversification initiatives could improve fisheries governance and reduce illegal fishing incentives. Additionally, regional cooperation between Honduras, Guatemala, and Belize is essential to harmonize regulations and enforcement. This study provides a replicable framework for assessing IUU fishing in data‐poor contexts and underscores the importance of participatory approaches in fisheries governance to ensure long‐term sustainability and the well‐being of coastal communities. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. Resumen La pesca Ilegal, No Declarada y No Reglamentada (INDNR) representa una grave amenaza para las pesquerías globales, especialmente en regiones tropicales de bajos ingresos, lo que subraya la necesidad urgente de soluciones basadas en la ciencia. Este estudio explora las motivaciones y posibles soluciones a la pesca INDNR realizada por pescadores hondureños en el arrecife Corona Caimán, ubicado dentro de las aguas territoriales de Guatemala y Belice. A través de encuestas en hogares y talleres con actores clave, se integraron conocimientos científicos y locales, involucrando a pescadores, agencias gubernamentales y organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs) para evaluar las motivaciones detrás de la pesca INDNR y posibles intervenciones. Los resultados de las encuestas revelan patrones espaciales distintivos en la pesca INDNR, con pescadores de Omoa y Puerto Cortés mostrando una mayor propensión a participar en esta actividad en comparación con los de Tela. Además, el 16% de los hogares encuestados reportó haber participado en la pesca en Corona Caimán en algún momento, lo que confirma hallazgos previos sobre la pesca INDNR transfronteriza en la región. Los principales factores determinantes de la pesca INDNR incluyen la sobreexplotación de los recursos pesqueros locales, la disminución de las capturas (−44%) y dificultades económicas agravadas por la pandemia de COVID‐19 y eventos climáticos extremos. En respuesta, los actores identificaron cinco temas clave como posibles soluciones: gobernanza, fortalecimiento de capacidades, diversificación de medios de vida, concientización ambiental y cooperación bilateral. Entre ellos, la gobernanza, el fortalecimiento de capacidades y la diversificación se destacaron como las soluciones más prometedoras, con los pescadores expresando un fuerte interés en participar en la gestión pesquera, acceder a oportunidades de capacitación y diversificar sus fuentes de ingresos. Síntesis y aplicaciones: En resumen, nuestro estudio enfatiza la necesidad de una estrategia colaborativa, transfronteriza e inclusiva que considere la heterogeneidad de motivaciones y soluciones de la pesca INDNR entre municipios y grupos de interés. El fortalecimiento de mecanismos de co‐manejo, la mejora en la capacitación de los pescadores y la implementación de estrategias de diversificación de medios de vida adaptadas al contexto podrían mejorar la gobernanza pesquera y reducir los incentivos para la pesca ilegal. Asimismo, la cooperación regional entre Honduras, Guatemala y Belice es esencial para armonizar regulaciones y esfuerzos de vigilancia. Este estudio proporciona un marco replicable para evaluar la pesca INDNR en contextos con escasez de datos y resalta la importancia de enfoques participativos en la gestión pesquera para garantizar la sostenibilidad a largo plazo y el bienestar de las comunidades costeras. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

The hyper yield of peroxidase (POX) was investigated for a novel native Aspergillus niger strain identified by 18S RNA analysis. A. niger strains sequences were submitted to GenBank; IDs allotted were MN611114.1 (BMB 17) and MN559756.1 (BMB-18). The identified Aspergillus strains in combination showed enhanced (POX) activity (601.5 U/mL) by solid-state fermentation in comparison to their individual activities. POX was purified by ammonium sulfate, and size exclusion gel chromatography exhibited a 7.83-fold increase in POX concentration (13.3 U/mg) in comparison to BMB17 and BMB 18 (11.8 & 7.6 U/mg respectively). The best POX activity was obtained with pH 6.5, 37 °C, and 5 days of incubation. Using guaiacol as substrate, POX showed maximum activity (Vmax) of 537 U/mL with a corresponding Michaelis constant (Km) value of 126 µM. Calcium chloride worked as a POX activator at 300 & 400 mM. Zinc sulfate (500 mM), EDTA (5 mM); ethanol, propanol, and acetonitrile (50%) inhibited (18-30%) POX. Urea (1M), and copper sulfate (500 mM) strongly inhibited POX up to 40%. Polysorbate-80 (1%) slightly reduced the POX by 10% to 15%. BMB17+18-induced promising dye decolorization (88-98%) against all vat dyes, methylene blue, and phenol red.

The process of tobacco aging plays a significant role in enhancing the smoking experience by improving the flavor and quality of tobacco leaves. During natural aging, the metabolic activity of the microbes on the surface of tobacco leaves will be greatly changed. Besides, starch and protein are two of the main macromolecular compounds causing the poor smoking quality of tobacco leaves which to be degraded for better tobacco quality. In this study, a bacterium with the simultaneously degrading ability of starch (degradation rate of 33.87%) and protein (degradation rate of 20%) has been screened out from high-class tobacco leaf and then inoculated into low-class tobacco leaf by solid-state fermentation for quality improvement. The changes in components related to carbon and nitrogen showed that the strain had an obvious effect on the quality improvement of tobacco leaves. After that, GC-MS analyses displayed the volatile flavor compounds which become rich and the flavor has been improved. It has been proved that inoculation solid-state fermentation by dominant strain could improve tobacco quality, as well as instead of the traditional natural aging process which greatly shortens the aging process. The work also offers a helpful strategy for solid-state products for deep fermentation.