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This study aims at investigating the dynamics of sexually transmitted infectious disease (STID), which is serious health concern. In so doing, the integer order STID model is progressed in to the time-delayed non-integer order STID model by introducing the Caputo fractional derivatives in place of integer order derivatives and including the delay factors in the susceptible and infectious compartments. Moreover, unique existence of the solution for the underlying model is ensured by establishing some benchmark results. Likewise, the positivity and boundedness of the solutions for the projected model is explored. The basic reproduction number is is found out for the model. The time-delayed non-integer order STID model holds two steady states, namely, the STID free and endemic steady state. The model stability is carried out at the steady states. The non-standard finite difference (NSFD) technique is hybridized with the Grunwald Letnikov (GL) approximation for finding the numerical solutions of the time-delayed non-integer order STID model. The boundedness and non-negativity of the numerical scheme is confirmed. The simulated graphs are presented with the help of an appropriate test example. These graphs show that the proposed numerical algorithm provides the positive bounded solutions. The article is ended with productive outcomes of the study.

A network of 6 ground-based GPS receivers in East Asia was employed to study seismo-traveling ionospheric disturbances (STIDs) triggered by an M 8.0 earthquake which occurred at Wenchuan on 12 May 2008. The network detected 5 STIDs on the south side of the epicenter area. A study on the distances of the detected STIDs to the epicenter versus their associated traveling times shows that the horizontal speed is about 600 m s-1. Applying the circle method, we find that the 5 circles intercept at a point right above the epicenter when the horizontal speed of 600 m s-1 is given. Global searches of the ray-tracing and the beam-forming techniques confirm that the STIDs are induced by vertical motions in the Earth's surface during the Wenchuan Earthquake.

The time history and spatial dependence of seismic-wave propagation on the ground surface and through the ionosphere following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake were reconstructed from dense seismic networks and from Global Positioning System (GPS) array observations, respectively. Using total electron content (TEC) data recorded by a dense GPS receiver network, the near-source ionosphere perturbations induced by this giant earthquake were analyzed and high-resolution images of seismic-wave propagation in the ionosphere are presented. Similar spatial images of ground motions were reconstructed from observations by a dense seismic array. Observations of this event provide, for the first time, the opportunity to compare near-source ground motions with the near-field seismo-traveling ionosphere disturbance (STID) excited by the ground motions. Based on the results, the nature of the source rupture and seismic-wave propagation are discussed. Both seismic and ionosphere observations indicate that seismic energy propagated radially outward initially from the hypocenter, but that the circular shape of the propagation front became gradually distorted as the source rupture became extended. Coherent wavefronts from the two analyses show contrasting patterns during the later stage of propagation, possibly due to different patterns of spatial variations in the physical properties of the solid earth and of the ionosphere.

This article presents an approach to interaction design that is inspired by sociotechnical systems (STS) and grounded in sociocultural theory. The focus is on the early phases of the design process and in particular how theoretical ideas can stimulate design. It starts by surveying key works in theory-based design in HCI and CSCW. The notion of ‘externalized design’ of buildings has been adopted as a framework for how to incorporate conceptual (non-computational) artifacts in user interfaces. The framework is applied to the retrospective analysis of an interactive system developed by the author (Janus). The system was stimulated by the notion of reflection-in-action. A three-staged process provides gradual steps for translating reflection-in-action into a concrete user interface: 1) selection, 2) appropriation, and 3) translation. The article ends by discussing strengths and limitations of the approach, and identifies directions for further work.