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"Safety engineering"
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Fuel and combustion systems safety : what you don't know can kill you!
\"There are code books and there is manufacturer literature but prior to this book nothing brings it all together and explains the basics in a comprehensive yet simple manner. If you own or operate any kind of boiler, oven, furnace, or large heating equipment you need to read this book and understand the issues. Topics included in the book include case studies of explosions through the years, top combustion systems hazards, and hazard recognition and abatement issues. The book also provides an introduction to combustion and combustion equipment followed by fuel trains and safety systems\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A Review of Battery Fires in Electric Vehicles
Over the last decade, the electric vehicle (EV) has significantly changed the car industry globally, driven by the fast development of Li-ion battery technology. However, the fire risk and hazard associated with this type of high-energy battery has become a major safety concern for EVs. This review focuses on the latest fire-safety issues of EVs related to thermal runaway and fire in Li-ion batteries. Thermal runaway or fire can occur as a result of extreme abuse conditions that may be the result of the faulty operation or traffic accidents. Failure of the battery may then be accompanied by the release of toxic gas, fire, jet flames, and explosion. This paper is devoted to reviewing the battery fire in battery EVs, hybrid EVs, and electric buses to provide a qualitative understanding of the fire risk and hazards associated with battery powered EVs. In addition, important battery fire characteristics involved in various EV fire scenarios, obtained through testing, are analysed. The tested peak heat release rate (PHHR in MW) varies with the energy capacity of LIBs (EB in Wh) crossing different scales as PHRR=2EB0.6. For the full-scale EV fire test, limited data have revealed that the heat release and hazard of an EV fire are comparable to that of a fossil-fuelled vehicle fire. Once the onboard battery involved in fire, there is a greater difficulty in suppressing EV fires, because the burning battery pack inside is inaccessible to externally applied suppressant and can re-ignite without sufficient cooling. As a result, an excessive amount of suppression agent is needed to cool the battery, extinguish the fire, and prevent reignition. By addressing these concerns, this review aims to aid researchers and industries working with batteries, EVs and fire safety engineering, to encourage active research collaborations, and attract future research and development on improving the overall safety of future EVs. Only then will society achieve the same comfort level for EVs as they have for conventional vehicles.
Journal Article
Be safe around fire
\"A young girl teaches her dolls, action figures, and toys the fire safety rules she has just learned in school\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Risk and safety analysis of nuclear systems
\"The book has been developed in conjunction with NERS 462, a course offered every year to seniors and graduate students in the University of Michigan NERS program. The first half of the book covers the principles of risk analysis, the techniques used to develop and update a reliability data base, the reliability of multi-component systems, Markov methods used to analyze the unavailability of systems with repairs, fault trees and event trees used in probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs), and failure modes of systems. All of this material is general enough that it could be used in non-nuclear applications, although there is an emphasis placed on the analysis of nuclear systems. The second half of the book covers the safety analysis of nuclear energy systems, an analysis of major accidents and incidents that occurred in commercial nuclear plants, applications of PRA techniques to the safety analysis of nuclear power plants (focusing on a major PRA study for five nuclear power plants), practical PRA examples, and emerging techniques in the structure of dynamic event trees and fault trees that can provide a more realistic representation of complex sequences of events. The book concludes with a discussion on passive safety features of advanced nuclear energy systems under development and approaches taken for risk-informed regulations for nuclear plants\"--
eBook
On the practice of safety
\"On the Practice of Safety continues to be an unparalleled resource on best safety practices. It supplies the reader with the core information that everyone who is in the safety field must know. Each chapter is written in a self contained unit that can be used on its own to cover a topic. The new edition updates all of the chapters from the previous edition while adding new material. Topics in these new chapters include sustainability, lean concepts, management of change/pre-job planning, leading and lagging indicators, and indirect and direct accident costs\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
A hybrid machine learning-enhanced MCDM model for transport safety engineering
Delivering reliable decision recommendations and policy inferences is essential for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) processes, particularly for transport safety engineering. This study proposes a hybrid machine learning-enhanced MCDM model that integrates distance correlation-based criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (DCRITIC), weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS), and K-means clustering, referred to as the DCRITIC–WASPAS–K-means model. In particular, we incorporated a machine learning tool (i.e., a graph-based technique) into the model to effectively and robustly select initial centroids. This integration addresses the uncertainty in traditional k-means clustering, which arises from varying initial centroids and its sensitivity to outliers, especially in datasets with noisy or skewed data points, and, more importantly, reduces the number of iterations and runtime cost. This approach improves the robustness and reliability of decision outcomes, thereby supporting more credible and actionable policy interventions. A case study involving transport safety engineering in the Organization of American States (OAS) region validates the model’s practical utility. Comparative analyses demonstrate its superior performance in ensuring consistent decision outputs and communicating policy implications effectively. The proposed framework provides public administrators, policymakers, and government agencies with a reliable, scalable, and data-driven tool for strategic planning and resource allocation in uncertain environments.
Journal Article
Factors Affecting the Fire Safety Design of Photovoltaic Installations Under Performance-Based Regulations in Norway
The impact of Photovoltaic (PV) installations on the fire safety of buildings must be considered in all building projects where such energy systems are established. The holistic fire safety of the building largely depends on how the fire safety of the PV installation is considered by the different actors during the design and construction process. Research has therefore been undertaken to study how performance-based regulations in combination with the lack of national guidelines affect the overall fire safety considerations for PV installations in Norway. Four factors were found to govern to which extent PV installations are emphasised in the fire safety design phase: (1) whether the building was first of its kind as a pioneering building, (2) whether the building was built before or after the publication of the 2018 revision of the norm NEK 400, (3) The level of knowledge and experience of the fire safety consultant, which in turn affects the use of performance-based engineering tools and the level of detailing in the design and construction phases, and (4) The degree of integration in the building. The main goal of the study is to give an insight and a contribution to the development of in-depth knowledge on how fire safety design for PV installations on buildings is handled in Norway, which may also be relevant to other countries with similar performance-based regulations.
Journal Article
Hazard analysis techniques for system safety
\"This book explains, in detail, how to perform the most commonly used hazard analysis techniques employed by the system safety engineering discipline. The book also explains when and why to use each technique. The goal of this book is to explain each technique with sufficient detail and examples that the techniques can be easily understood and performed by the reader. The book is not overly technical, and can be easily understood by readers with a minimal amount of technical background. This book gathers the techniques safety analysts can apply into one reference source and describes them in a way that benefits both new and seasoned safety analysts. In addition, this book describes the three components that comprise a hazard, and how to use these components to recognized hazards during an analysis. It includes detailed examples that apply the methodology to everyday problems, making the concepts easier for the reader to grasp. The new edition updates the chapters with the latest information and includes new chapters on Concepts of Hazard Recognition, as well as chapters that address new techniques added in MIL-STD-882E and techniques that are becoming popular in different industries such as: Environmental Hazard Analysis, Process Hazard Analysis, Test Hazard Analysis, Job Hazard Analysis, and System of Systems Hazard Analysis\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Digital Transformation in Fire Safety Engineering over the Past Decade Through Building Information Modelling: A Review
Building information modelling (BIM) is widely considered to be leading the digital transformation of the AEC industry because of its data management capabilities among different stakeholders and across the building life-cycle. Fire safety engineering (FSE) is one of the disciplines that has been excluded for a long time from integrated approaches such as BIM, even though ensuring fire safety is a fundamental aspect of building performance. This paper presents a systematic literature review of BIM–FSE integration methodologies to highlight its potentialities for building life-cycle management and the digital transformation of the AEC domain. The findings show that the majority of BIM–FSE applications are focused on fire and evacuation simulations, followed by detection, monitoring and real-time emergency management. Technologies that are often involved in BIM-based fire safety solutions are CFD-based technologies, game- augmented and virtual reality, and the internet of things. Native formats are the most used for data sharing, while open standards still lack adequate data structures for FSE applications. The review highlights the benefits, embedded potentialities and limitations of the BIM–FSE integration in a decade of research studies. Future research directions for the digital transformation of FSE through BIM are proposed in a research agenda.
Journal Article