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Earth’s crust diverges and extends along mid-ocean ridges. Analyses of gravity and seismic data from the equatorial Atlantic show that propagation of ridge segments can compress the crust and create sufficient uplift to create small islands. Mantle exhumation at slow-spreading ridges is favoured by extensional tectonics through low-angle detachment faults 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , and, along transforms, by transtension due to changes in ridge/transform geometry 5 , 6 . Less common, exhumation by compressive stresses has been proposed for the large-offset transforms of the equatorial Atlantic 7 , 8 . Here we show, using high-resolution bathymetry, seismic and gravity data, that the northern transform fault of the St Paul system has been controlled by compressive deformation since ∼10 million years ago. The long-lived transpression resulted from ridge overlap due to the propagation of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge segment into the transform domain, which induced the migration and segmentation of the transform fault creating restraining stepovers. An anticlockwise change in plate motion at ∼11 million years ago 5 initially favoured extension in the left-stepping transform, triggering the formation of a transverse ridge, later uplifted through transpression, forming the St Peter and St Paul islets. Enhanced melt supply at the ridge axis due to the nearby Sierra Leone thermo chemical anomaly 9 is responsible for the robust response of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge segment to the kinematic change. The long-lived process at the origin of the compressive stresses is directly linked to the nature of the underlying mantle and not to a change in the far-field stress regime.

Pope Gregory XV raised five holy persons to official sanctity in a grand ceremony in Saint Peter’s basilica in Rome on 12 March 1622. Three of the new saints were sixteenth-century Spanish contemporaries: the Discalced Carmelite Teresa of Ávila and the Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier. The saints were celebrated according to personas that were rooted in the framework of sanctity inherent to the processes for official holiness, that is, the official character of their deeds, virtues, and miracles. Setting aside miracles, this paper centers on Teresa’s deeds and virtues, which have been less well understood than those of her Jesuit counterparts. The nature of her holy image emerges from a highly selective comparison with the Jesuits’ deeds and virtues as presented in word and image in Rome in March 1622. On the basis of written and visual documents tied to Teresa’s processes and the canonization ceremony, I reinterpret two aspects of her image as promulgated in 1622: the way in which her active and contemplative lives were inextricably linked to her reform of the Carmelite Order; and the role and character of her virtues.

Unusual records of marine organisms beyond their known distribution range aid the identification of dispersal capabilities, health issues, changing oceanographic patterns and/or anomalies, and may drive attention to underlying shifts in the polar marine environment. Here we report on an adult male sub-Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, sighted at Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago, also known as Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo (ASPSP) (00° 56′ N; 29° 22′ W), Brazil, on January 18–21, 2022. The animal appeared healthy and stayed in the rocky islands of the archipelago making frequent incursions to sea. We have compiled information from wandering individuals A. tropicalis and found that this is the first indisputable record for the species in the ASPSP, crossing the ecuador to the Northern Hemisphere. We suggest that it comes from Gough or Tristan da Cunha islands which are the closest breeding locations of this species. Therefore, this male traveled at least ~ 5500 km from the natal area and was 1931 km north from the second northernmost sighting of this species in Ascension Island. We speculate that this species may be using currents and/or shallower mid-ocean ridges to guide dispersal routes from subpolar regions to the North.

The taxonomic position of a novel marine actinomycete isolated from a marine sponge, Aplysina fulva , which had been collected in the Archipelago of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (Equatorial Atlantic Ocean), was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Streptomyces and forms a distinct branch within the Streptomyces somaliensis 16S rRNA gene tree subclade. It is closely related to Streptomyces violascens ISP 5183 T (97.27 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Streptomyces hydrogenans NBRC 13475 T (97.15 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The 16S rRNA gene similarities between the isolate and the remaining members of the subclade are lower than 96.77 %. The organism can be distinguished readily from other members of the S. violacens subclade using a combination of phenotypic properties. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that isolate 103 T (=NRRL B-65309 T  = CMAA 1378 T ) merits recognition as the type strain of a new Streptomyces species, namely Streptomyces atlanticus sp. nov.

We have investigated several relationships between ML, M(NEIC) and Mw for the earthquakes locally recorded in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA), Equatorial Atlantic. Because we only have one station in the area, we could not derive attenuation relations for events recorded at different distances at different stations. Our approach was then to compare our ML estimates with magnitudes reported by NEIC. This approach produced acceptable results particularly for epicentral distance smaller than 100 km. For distances greater that 100 km, there is a systematic increase in the residuals probable due to the lack of station correction and our inability to accurately estimate Q. We also investigate the Mw—M(NEIC) relationship. We find that Mw estimates using S-wave produce smaller residuals when compared with both M(NEIC). Finally, we also investigate the ML—Mw relationship and observe that given the data set we have, the 1:1 holds. Webelieve that the use of the present methodologies provide consistent magnitude estimates between all the magnitudes investigated that could be used to better assess seismic hazard in the region.

We report the first record of frigate tuna Auxis thazard from the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, a small Brazilian group of oceanic rocky islands, located in the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This finding constitute a range extension of the distribution of the species in Brazilian waters.

Peter Canisius, often called the “first German Jesuit” (despite being Dutch by birth), was an influential figure during his lifetime. Born in 1521 in Nijmegen into a prosperous patrician family, he entered the Society of Jesus as the first “German” recruit in 1542. He made a rapid career in the new order, which he helped to shape and spread in Central Europe through many decades of dedicated service. After a brief stint in Messina, where he participated in the founding of the ground-breaking first-ever Jesuit college, upon which the famous Jesuit educational network of later decades and centuries was modelled, he returned to Germany and was named to the position of “Provincial” – head of the regional organisation of the Jesuits. In that function, Canisius pushed forward the Catholic Church’s renewal and resurgence in the “heresy-ridden” territories of the Holy Roman Empire.

Sea anemone (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) venom is an important source of bioactive compounds used as tools to study the pharmacology and structure-function of voltage-gated K+ channels (KV). These neurotoxins can be divided into four different types, according to their structure and mode of action. In this work, for the first time, two toxins were purified from the venom of Bunodosoma caissarum population from Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Brazil. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis reveals that BcsTx1 and BcsTx2 are the newest members of the sea anemone type 1 potassium channel toxins. Their functional characterization was performed by means of a wide electrophysiological screening on 12 different subtypes of KV channels (KV1.1–KV1.6; KV2.1; KV3.1; KV4.2; KV4.3; hERG and Shaker IR). BcsTx1 shows a high affinity for rKv1.2 over rKv1.6, hKv1.3, Shaker IR and rKv1.1, while Bcstx2 potently blocked rKv1.6 over hKv1.3, rKv1.1, Shaker IR and rKv1.2. Furthermore, we also report for the first time a venom composition and biological activity comparison between two geographically distant populations of sea anemones.

In his Letter to the Galatians, Paul says that Peter ate with [phrase omitted] in Antioch (2:12). In this context, the majority of commentators read the phrase [phrase omitted] as a reference to gentiles who believe in Christ, departing from its predominant usage in Paul's writings. However, this widespread and consequential assumption that Peter ate only with Christ-believing gentiles is not compelling. In fact, such an understanding is mainly based on prior scholarship that assumed that Jews, even in the diaspora, lived in isolated contexts and could not have eaten with non-Jews. In contrast, I argue that there are neither linguistic nor contextual reasons in Gal 2 for limiting the people with whom Peter eats to Christ-believing gentiles. Instead, historical studies suggest that the expression [phrase omitted] refers to Peter eating with different kinds of gentiles, which also includes non-Christ-believing gentiles at everyday occasions such as private dinner gatherings. This changes our understanding of the context of Peter's commensality as well as Peter's position itself.