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Migration of Sakhalin sculpin Cottus amblystomopsis larvae from the river to the sea for early rearing—the primary dispersion, occurs in the form of passive downstream migration in the first 1.0–1.5 h after dark. Reaction of larvae to decrease of illumination ensures their involvement into the flow and the implementation of downstream migration. Total duration of primary dispersion period does not exceed 3 days. Body length of the larvae is on average 7.7 mm, their vertebrae and spinous processes are formed, the anlages of unpaired fins are noticeable, and pectoral fins are well developed.

The article discusses tectonic stresses determined in the West Sakhalin terrain using different tectonophysical methods. The reconstruction of the stress field in coal fields in Sakhalin is implemented using the graphical method of orientation finding of stress axes in fractures and faults (at 16 observation points). The supplementary on-site tectonophysical studies made it possible to estimate the preferred orientation of the main slickensides of different kinematics and to reconstruct on this basis the local stress tensors at 53 observation points. The typical stress state of the West Sakhalin terrain is horizontal tension.

Research background. Animal collagen has been widely utilized in foods, cosmetics and biomedical fields. The non-edible parts, such as fish skin and bones, are generated during cooking processes. Most of them are currently discarded as waste, although the nutritional values of the skins and bones are high. It needs to utilize the non-edible parts for the reduction of environmental impact, as it may be one of source of environmental pollution. Experimental approach. Collagen was prepared from Sakhalin taimen skins as wastes generated during cooking processes. Next, the colour, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultraviolet absorption, subunit composition, amino acid composition, denaturation temperature, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were conducted to explore the properties of the collagen. Lastly, it tried to improve the functional properties of the collagen using chemical modification technique for future applications. Results and conclusions. Cold acetone treatment made it possible to easily remove the fats and pigments from skins. The odorless and pure-white collagen was obtained with high-yield. The α3 chain did not exist in the collagen. Sakhalin taimen skin collagen had rich α-helix and low β-sheet structures. Succinylation caused the secondary structural changes of the collagen molecule. Moreover, succinylation made it possible not only to increase the viscosity of collagen solution and but also to improve the solubility of collagen in the physiological conditions around pH=6. Novelty and scientific contribution. This finding was the first report on the absence of the α3 chain in Salmonid fish skin collagens. The succinylated collagen from Sakhalin taimen skin as useful biomass has potential to utilize in foods, cosmetics, and its related industries.

It is important to evenly increase the amount of scattered pollen per clone for maintaining high genetic variation in clonal seed orchards. It is thus imperative to determine not only the number of male flowers per tree, but also the amount of pollen per male flower in each clone. In this study, the existence of annual variation on the fresh weight of male flowers (FW) and the clonal and annual variation, and ramets’ variation with the same or different tree ages on the weight of pollen per male flower (WP) were investigated using 21 clones for 3 years. The results indicated that there were significant differences in FW and WP among clones each year and the relationships between FW and WP were linearly significant for every year. WP also showed significant annual variation, while the re was also significant variation in ramets. The clonal repeatability regarding WP was 0.37—0.47 for data obtained for 2 or 3 years and the generalized linear mixed models with the random effects of clone, year, and ramet indicated that the effect of clone more strongly affected WP than other effects. These results suggested that WP on is a trait that is considerably influenced by clonal characteristics; there is thus a need to characterize this trait in each clone when using seed orchards.

A taxonomic review was performed on cestodes of the genus Neoskrjabinolepis Spassky, 1947 that parasitize different species of Sorex shrews in different regions of the northern Palearctic and in the Nearctic (Alaska, USA). Information on Palearctic Neoskrjabinolepis cestodes published in various articles is summarized. An overview of the geographical distribution of the Neoskrjabinolepis species is also presented. Currently, the genus includes 17 species. In the European part of the Palearctic, four species of the genus are registered; in the Asian part, 13 species; and on the American continent (Seward Peninsula, Alaska, USA), two species. Descriptions, illustrations, and differential diagnoses are given for a new species of Neoskrjabinolepis, i.e. N. paradoxa n. sp., which was found in shrews Sorex unguiculatus Dobson and S. caecutiens Laxmann on Sakhalin Island. A unique feature of the new species is irregularly alternating genital pores in the uterus series in the strobila. Amended new differential features (positioning of the uterus relative to osmoregulatory canals and alternation of genital pores) of genus diagnosis and an identification key for Neoskrjabinolepis spp. are presented.

This study analysed long-term trawl survey data to investigate changes in the spatial distribution, range boundaries, and catch rates of the five most common shark species in the Russian waters of the northwestern Pacific. Significant alterations in the spatial distributions of these shark species were observed during the study period. The 1980s witnessed the most widespread distribution and maximum catches of salmon and blue sharks. In the 2000s, the North Pacific spiny dogfish exhibited its broadest distribution, with maximum catches recorded in the 1980s and 2010s. The Pacific sleeper shark exhibited its widest distribution in the 1980s, with maximum catches occurring in the 2000s. Shortfin mako were recorded within the study area only in the 1980s and 2010s, with maximum catches occurring in the latter period. Shifts in the range of boundaries during the study period exhibited different patterns among the species. Statistically significant shifts in boundaries were found for Pacific spiny dogfish, salmon sharks, and Pacific sleeper sharks. During the review period, salmon shark catches significantly decreased in Pacific waters and in the study area as a whole, but the reasons for this difference have not yet been determined. For the other shark species, statistically significant changes in catch size were not revealed. The observed significant changes in the spatial distribution and position of the boundaries of the ranges are likely due to both subjective reasons and climatic changes.

During cruise 71 of the R/V Akademik Oparin m the radioecological state of the Pacific Ocean east of Japan and the Kuril Islands, as well as the seas of Okhotsk and Japan, was assessed in connection with polluted water discharge from the Fukushima-1 NPP. The results of the first samples of surface analysis showed a tritium content of 0.36–0.78 tritium units (0.04–0.09 Bq/L). The highest concentrations were found in the jet of the Kuroshio Current and in the area of the Southern Kuril Islands. Meanwhile, it is ten thousands time lower than the radio security norm. On the cruise, samples of water, bottom sediments, and marine biota were prepared to analyze radio isotopes of cesium, strontium, lead, radium, etc. A large volume of hydrographic, chemical, biological, gas-geochemical, and mercury measurements and samplings was obtained. Mooring systems were recovered and redeployed. New data on the water state and dynamics of the study region were obtained, as well as biogeochemical parameters and their interannual variability in association with climate change and increasing anthropogenic load.

—The research presents estimates for the topography of the boundaries of the phase transition zone at depths of 410 and 660 km based on the data set obtained by Sakhalin island seismic stations using the receiver function method. The data set we analyzed incorporates a total of 2500 PRF functions. We revealed a depression at the 660 km boundary in the central and northern parts of the island. The 410 km boundary is significantly elevated in the southern Sahalin, while within the rest of the island, it is depressed (especially in the northern part) compared to the expected standard depth. We hypothesize that the depression in the 410 km boundary is related to the presence of the hot lower mantle melts within the mantle transition zone under the northern part of the island.

The Neolithic in north-east Asia is defined by the presence of ceramic containers, rather than agriculture, among hunter-gatherer communities. The role of pottery in such groups has, however, hitherto been unclear. This article presents the results of organic residue analysis of Neolithic pottery from Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East. Results indicate that early pottery on Sakhalin was used for the processing of aquatic species, and that its adoption formed part of a wider Neolithic transition involving the reorientation of local lifeways towards the exploitation of marine resources.

This paper discusses the role of afforestation projects and other climate technologies in the green agenda for Russia and aims to justify the anchoring of jurisdictional carbon pricing in the cost approach to valuation, specifically, with reference to the cost economics for afforestation projects given their centrality to the agenda. Through that, and due to the inchoate state of carbon pricing in the study jurisdiction, this paper aims to advance price discovery for national carbon credits in both compliance and voluntary schemes. The cost approach framework, moderated by international market comparisons, indicates the fair price of carbon in Russian jurisdiction at the level of USD 20–25 per tonne of CO2-eq, which is close to the global median but is more than double the amount of carbon levies set under the Sakhalin GHG quota experiment. It is argued that unless such a fair price for carbon is set in the country, the national carbon credits market will not achieve viable growth, nor will sustainable development be advanced, and funds for it be adequately collected. This represents a relevant contribution to the literature on the development of the national carbon credit markets.