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Salmon : a global history
While salmon is enjoyed all over the globe, it also swims at the center of controversy, with commercial fishing, global warming, and loss of freshwater habitats all threatening salmon populations, and the ecological and health impacts of intense salmon farming under fire. In this beautifully illustrated book, Nicolaas Mink takes readers on a culinary journey from the coast of Alaska to the rivers of Scotland, tracing salmon's history from the earliest known records to the present. He tells the story of how the salmon was transformed from an abundant fish found seasonally along coastal regions to a mass-produced canned food and a highly prized culinary delight. Exploring the nutritional benefits of this fish, he examines recent studies that show how these benefits diminish in farm-raised salmon.
Book
Swimmer
Swimmer, the Chinook salmon, journeys over 10,000 miles to complete her life cycle, while Katya, the native Alaskan girl, comes of age in her small village along the coast.
Book
Salmon migration
During their travels from oceans to rivers, salmon undergo many changes! Their gills change so they can breath in changing waters, and their scales transform from a shining silver to a darker hue so others know they are ready to spawn.
Book
Size- and condition-dependent predation: a seabird disproportionately targets substandard individual juvenile salmon
Selection of prey that are small and in poor body condition is a widespread phenomenon in terrestrial predator–prey systems and may benefit prey populations by removing substandard individuals. Similar selection is widely assumed to operate in aquatic systems. Indeed, size‐selective predation is a longstanding and central tenet of aquatic food web theory. However, it is not known if aquatic predators select prey based on their condition or state, compared to their size. Surprisingly, no comparable information is available for marine systems because it is exceedingly difficult to make direct observations in this realm. Thus the role of body condition in regulating susceptibility to predation remains a black box in the marine environment. Here we have exploited an ideal model system to evaluate selective predation on pelagic marine fish: comparing characteristics (fork length, mass corrected for fork length) of fresh, whole, intact juvenile Pacific salmon delivered by a seabird to its single nestling with salmon collected concurrently in coastal trawl surveys. Three species of juvenile salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are consumed by provisioning Rhinoceros Auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata); an abundant, colonial, pursuit‐diving seabird. Samples were collected from multiple colonies and fisheries surveys in coastal British Columbia in two years. As predicted, Auklets preyed on small individuals in poor condition and consistently selected them at levels higher than their relative availability. This is the first study to provide direct evidence for both size‐ and condition‐selective predation on marine fish in the wild. We anticipate that our results will be a starting point in evaluating how selective predation may structure or influence marine fish populations and bridges a fundamental incongruity between ecological theory and application; although “bigger is better” is considered a fundamental tenet of marine food webs, marine predators are often assumed to consume indiscriminately.
Journal Article
Becoming salmon : aquaculture and the domestication of a fish
\"Becoming Salmon is the first ethnographic account of salmon aquaculture, the most recent turn in the human history of animal domestication. As fish are enrolled in new regimes of marine domestication, traditional distinctions between fish and animals are reconfigured, recasting farmed fish as sentient beings, capable of feeling pain and subject to animal welfare legislation. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in Norway and Australia, the author traces farmed Atlantic salmon through contemporary industrial practices, and shows how salmon are bred to be hungry, globally mobile, and alien in their watersheds of origin. Attentive to the economic context of industrial food production as well as the mundane practices of caring for fish, it offers novel perspectives on domestication, human-animal relations, and food production\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
The pink salmon genome: Uncovering the genomic consequences of a two-year life cycle
Pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) adults are the smallest of the five Pacific salmon native to the western Pacific Ocean. Pink salmon are also the most abundant of these species and account for a large proportion of the commercial value of the salmon fishery worldwide. A two-year life history of pink salmon generates temporally isolated populations that spawn either in even-years or odd-years. To uncover the influence of this genetic isolation, reference genome assemblies were generated for each year-class and whole genome re-sequencing data was collected from salmon of both year-classes. The salmon were sampled from six Canadian rivers and one Japanese river. At multiple centromeres we identified peaks of Fst between year-classes that were millions of base-pairs long. The largest Fst peak was also associated with a million base-pair chromosomal polymorphism found in the odd-year genome near a centromere. These Fst peaks may be the result of a centromere drive or a combination of reduced recombination and genetic drift, and they could influence speciation. Other regions of the genome influenced by odd-year and even-year temporal isolation and tentatively under selection were mostly associated with genes related to immune function, organ development/maintenance, and behaviour.
Journal Article
The salmon's journey
\"Salmon swim in large schools to return to the streams and rivers where they were first born. From egg to fish and out to the open ocean, then back again--follow the journey of migrating salmon\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Long-term changes in the Juvenile Sockeye Salmon Rearing Capacity of the Chignik Lakes Watershed
Freshwater ecosystems respond rapidly to perturbations in climate, geomorphology, and population abundances. For migratory species in interconnected habitat networks, local habitat conditions can control the productivity of individual populations. Asynchronous variation in habitat quality can simultaneously stabilize ecological processes at broad scales but also complicate understanding of ecosystem dynamics. We investigated habitat-specific trends in indicators of the rearing capacity for juvenile sockeye salmon in a remote watershed in Alaska over the last ~60 years. The motivation of this effort was to understand if the collapse of the local salmon fishery in 2018 could be traced to changes in habitat quality within the nursery watershed. Our analyses describe high variability in the habitat conditions across both spatial and temporal scales, yet do not suggest a decline in the overall sockeye salmon rearing capacity of the watershed. We observed increasing maximum water temperatures in a shallow lake but more stable conditions in a deep lake, an improvement in zooplankton prey resources in the deep lake, and increased juvenile sockeye salmon growth rates throughout the watershed. Although we detected no long-term decline in rearing habitat quality, there was a decrease in juvenile sockeye salmon abundance from 2013–2016, suggesting high early life stage mortality prior to the period of juvenile rearing leading up to the fishery collapse.
Journal Article