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Neste artigo abordamos sobre a participação das mulheres no samba, considerando suas principais expressões e particularidades. Realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico das produções científicas disponíveis na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações sobre o tema. O estudo revela a relevante e histórica participação das mulheres – principalmente das mulheres negras – no samba. Protagonizam ações que envolvem música, religiosidade e dança, aspectos indissociáveis do samba como parte da cultura africana reinventada no Brasil a partir da diáspora, como expressão cultural afro-brasileira. Esse protagonismo sofre invisibilidade na historiografia do samba, sobretudo em relação ao fazer musical (execução de instrumentos e exercício composicional). No samba, que também é produto das relações sociais, as mulheres sofrem o peso das desigualdades de sexo/gênero, raça e classe social – inclusive, a divisão sexual e racial das atividades – e, ao mesmo tempo, a elas resistem. A historiografia do samba tem sido escrita majoritariamente no masculino, mas o samba não! In this article we discuss women's participation in samba, considering its main expressions and particularities. We carried out a bibliographic survey of scientific productions in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations on the topic. The study reveals the relevant and historical participation of women – mainly black women –in samba. They lead actions that involve music, religiosity and dance, inseparable aspects of samba as part of African culture reinvented in Brazil from the diaspora, as an Afro-Brazilian cultural expression. This protagonism suffers invisibility in the historiography of samba, especially in relation to music making. In samba, which is also a product of social relations, women suffer the weight of sex/gender, race and social class inequalities – including the sexual and racial division of activities – and, at the same time, resist them. The historiography of samba has been written mostly in male terms, but not the samba! En este artículo discutimos la participación de las mujeres en la samba. Realizamos levantamiento bibliográfico en la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones sobre el tema. El estudio revela la relevante e histórica participación de las mujeres – principalmente negras– en la samba. Lideran acciones que involucran música, religiosidad y danza, aspectos inseparables de la samba como parte de la cultura africana reinventada en Brasil desde la diáspora, como expresión cultural afrobrasileña. Este protagonismo sufre invisibilidad en la historiografía de la samba, especialmente en relación con la creación musical. En la samba, que también es producto de las relaciones sociales, las mujeres sufren el peso de las desigualdades de sexo/ género, raza y clase social –incluida la división sexual y racial de las actividades– y, al mismo tiempo, se resisten a ellas. La historiografía de la samba se ha escrito principalmente en términos masculinos, ¡pero no la samba!

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the evolution of Estação Primeira de Mangueira, from Bloco dos Arengueiros to its consolidation as a samba school, with the aim of understanding the transformations and cultural impact of this institution on the Brazilian carnival scene.   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The theory of popular culture, the sociology of samba and studies on the history of samba schools in Brazil stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.   Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographic study. The approach included the analysis of secondary sources such as books, academic articles, historical documents and audiovisual records. Data collection was carried out through literary and documentary review, seeking detailed information about the trajectory of Mangueira and its cultural impact.   Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that Mangueira has undergone significant organizational and artistic changes over the years, remaining faithful to its roots and playing a crucial role in the preservation and promotion of samba and Afro-Brazilian culture. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the cultural and social implications of the evolution of the samba school. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section.   Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of popular culture and samba. These implications may include cultural preservation, the appreciation of intangible heritage and the promotion of Afro-Brazilian identity.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by offering a detailed and contextualized analysis of the transformation of Mangueira, from its origins to its current status as one of the most influential samba schools. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its ability to highlight the historical and cultural importance of Mangueira, as well as its role in promoting samba and Brazilian cultural identity. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the evolution of Estação Primeira de Mangueira, from Bloco dos Arengueiros to its consolidation as a samba school, with the aim of understanding the transformations and cultural impact of this institution on the Brazilian carnival scene.   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. The theory of popular culture, the sociology of samba and studies on the history of samba schools in Brazil stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.   Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a bibliographic study. The approach included the analysis of secondary sources such as books, academic articles, historical documents and audiovisual records. Data collection was carried out through literary and documentary review, seeking detailed information about the trajectory of Mangueira and its cultural impact.   Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that Mangueira has undergone significant organizational and artistic changes over the years, remaining faithful to its roots and playing a crucial role in the preservation and promotion of samba and Afro-Brazilian culture. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the cultural and social implications of the evolution of the samba school. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section.   Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of popular culture and samba. These implications may include cultural preservation, the appreciation of intangible heritage and the promotion of Afro-Brazilian identity.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by offering a detailed and contextualized analysis of the transformation of Mangueira, from its origins to its current status as one of the most influential samba schools. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its ability to highlight the historical and cultural importance of Mangueira, as well as its role in promoting samba and Brazilian cultural identity.

O presente texto analisa o samba moderno como forma de resistência cultural. Por meio das letras dos sambas, evidencia-se a estratégia narrativa dos malandros do bairro do Estácio de Sá, no Rio de Janeiro, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. É realizada uma abordagem histórica e crítica, baseada em documentos de arquivo, letras de sambas e análises de obras de autoras como Claudia Matos e Giovanna Dealtry, para compreender tanto o contexto social quanto a produção poética e literária dos malandros que foram marginalizados pelo sistema racista e opressor. Esses sambistas-malandros ecoaram a palavra cantada e o samba para criticar as condições de trabalho, a exploração do corpo do homem negro e a precarização da vida. Por meio de uma análise das letras de “Se você jurar” e “O que será de mim”, o texto revela que a malandragem foi reinterpretada como uma estratégia de sobrevivência e resistência, criando uma estética única que influenciou a cultura brasileira. Dessa forma, é possível concluir que o samba do Estácio foi uma ferramenta política de reafirmação da presença e da produção cultural negra na sociedade carioca, reivindicando espaço e cidadania. This text analyzes modern samba as a form of cultural resistance. Through samba lyrics, it becomes evident the narrative strategy of malandros from Estácio de Sá neighborhood, in Rio de Janeiro, in the decades of 1920 and 1930. A historical and critical approach is taken, based on archival documents, samba lyrics and analysis of works by authors such as Claudia Matos and Giovanna Dealtry, in order to comprehend the social context and the poetic and literary production of the malandros, who were marginalized by the racist and oppressive system. These sambistas-malandros echoed the sung word and the samba to criticize the working conditions, the exploitation of black man's body and the precariousness of life. Through the analysis of the lyrics “Se você jurar” and “O que será de mim”, the text reveals that malandragem was reinterpreted as a strategy of survival and resistance, creating a unique aesthetic that influenced Brazilian culture. In this way, it is possible to conclude that Estácio’s samba was a political tool to reaffirm the black presence and black cultural production in Rio society, claiming for space and citizenship. 

Purpose The SAMBA 2 BB audio processor for the BONEBRIDGE bone conduction implant features a new automatic listening environment detection to focus on target speech and to reduce interfering speech and background noises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the audiological benefit of the SAMBA 2 BB (AP2) and to compare it with its predecessor SAMBA BB (AP1). Methods Prospective within-subject comparison study. We compared the aided sound field hearing thresholds, speech understanding in quiet (Freiburg monosyllables), and speech understanding in noise (Oldenburg sentence test) with the AP1 and AP2. Each audio processor was worn for 2 weeks before assessment and seven users with single-sided sensorineural deafness (SSD) participated in the study. For speech understanding in noise, two complex noise scenarios with multiple noise sources including single talker interfering speech were used. The first scenario included speech presented from the front (S 0 N MIX ), while in the second scenario speech was presented from the side of the implanted ear (S IPSI N MIX ). In addition, subjective evaluation using the SSQ12, APSQ, and the BBSS questionnaires was performed. Results We found improved speech understanding in quiet with the AP2 compared to the AP1 aided condition (on average + 17%, p  = 0.007). In both noise scenarios, the AP2 lead to improved speech reception thresholds by 1.2 dB (S 0 N MIX , p  = 0.032) and 2.1 dB (S IPSI N MIX , p  = 0.048) compared to the AP1. The questionnaires revealed no statistically significant differences, except an improved APSQ usability score with the AP2. Conclusion Clinicians can expect that patients with SSD will benefit from the SAMBA 2 BB by improved speech understanding in both quiet and in complex noise scenarios, when compared to the older SAMBA BB.

Purpose The Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) was introduced in 1996, and the fourth generation of the audio processor recently released. This clinical study evaluates the audiological performance and subjective satisfaction of the new SAMBA 2 audio processor compared to its predecessor, SAMBA. Method Fifteen VSB users tested both audio processors for approximately 3 weeks. Air conduction and bone conduction thresholds and unaided and aided sound field thresholds were measured with both devices. Speech performance in quiet (Freiburg monosyllables) and noise (OLSA) was evaluated as well as subjective listening effort (ACALES) and questionnaire outcomes (SSQ12 and APSQ). In addition, data from 16 subjects with normal hearing were gathered on sound field tests and ACALES. Results Both audio processors showed substantial improvement compared to the unaided condition. The SAMBA and SAMBA 2 had comparable performance in sound filed thresholds, while the SAMBA 2 was significantly better in speech in quiet, speech in noise, reduced listening effort, and improved subjective satisfaction compared with the SAMBA. Conclusion The SAMBA 2 audio processor, compared to its predecessor SAMBA, offers improved performance throughout the parameters investigated in this study. Patients with a VSB implant would benefit from an upgrade to SAMBA 2.

Neto, L. (2017). Uma história do samba. As origens (vol. I, 1ª ed.). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.This review presents the work emA History of Samba - The Origins/em by journalist and writer Lira Neto. In this new work, the author focuses on the samba, a musical genre that is almost synonymous with Brazilian identity. This review is aimed at bringing this story that is part of the history of Brazil to the attention of more people. The timespan addressed is the end of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, so this story can also be read as a history of the poor in the first decades after the abolition of slavery. This was a difficult time for the lower classes, who spent these years attempting to become part of Brazilian society. Although this task was rather harsh, it was filled with much joy and creativity, which is something that has become an aspect that characterizes Brazilians. The Samba - musical expression that accompanies the people in their daily struggle for survival - is undoubtedly a stimulus, but it is also more than that; it is socialization, it is resistance, it is a lifestyle. Whoever reads this story will embark on a sonorous universe, that is human and welcoming. Here is an honest and serious study of a joyful cultural expression of Brazil.

Species delimitation presents a significant challenge in biology, particularly in systematics. Here, an integrative approach is employed to assess the species boundaries of widely distributed Palearctic Stenodema species. Due to their diversity, wide distribution, and the absence of comprehensive morphological and molecular data for most species, revising Stenodema is both daunting and time-consuming. Our study focuses on detailed examinations of male and female genitalia, coupled with phylogenetic analyses based on two mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA) and species delimitation analyses. Eight species with wide distributions are reviewed, Stenodema trispinosa Reuter, 1904 is synonymized with S. pilosa (Jakovlev, 1889), and a lectotype for Stenodema turanica Reuter, 1904 is designated. Morphological and molecular data effectively distinguish all species, revealing distinct clades and relationships. Notably, S. calcarata and S. pilosa form a well-supported clade, while S. virens and S. turanica share a lineage with Nearctic species. Stenodema rubrinervis and S. sibirica are morphologically similar and form a distinct clade in all phylogenies. Species delimitation analyses confirm the separation of all studied species, and genetic distances suggest the potential existence of cryptic species within S. calcarata and S. pilosa . This study highlights the advantages of integrative taxonomy in delimiting species with intricate and relatively recent phylogeographic histories.

Autorka analizuje twórczość artysty Hélio Oiticiki i neokonkretyzm brazylijski, aby na tym przykładzie zobrazować zmianę paradygmatu dzieła sztuki zachodzącą od lat sześćdziesiątych, interpretowaną jako droga od dzieła sztuki pojmowanego jako obiekt do efemerycznego wydarzenia. Zmiana ta implikuje osadzenie percepcji dzieła sztuki w doświadczeniu, redefinicję roli odbiorcy, otwarcie na życie codzienne i rzeczywistość społeczną i polityczną. Artykuł koncentruje się na powstałym w latach 1964–1968 cyklu Parangolés, aby ukazać, jak taniec stał się dla Oiticiki medium transformacji sztuki, a także życia społecznego. Parangolés wyglądają jak kolorowe płachty czy długie szarfy. Szyje się je bez uwzględnienia rozmiarów konkretnego ciała. Oplatając się nimi, trzeba dostosować je do swojej sylwetki i poprzez opanowanie materii stworzyć kompozycję w przestrzeni. Doświadcza się ich więc jako mobilnych rzeźb, które poruszają się razem z użytkownikiem czy bezpośrednio na nim.

Six complete mitochondrial genomes from species within Scolopendra (Scolopendromorpha) ( S. alcyona , S. calcarata , S. cataracta , S. lufengia , S. mazbii , and S. multidens ) were analyzed. The mitochondrial genomes ranged in size from 14,422 bp to 15,458 bp, with A+T content varying between 67.00% and 74.53%. All PCGs and rRNA were successfully identified, though tRNAs exhibited widespread loss. Additionally, supplementary control region sequences were identified in three species. Beyond sequence data, the arrangement of mitochondrial genes can provide additional phylogenetically relevant information. The mitogenome arrangements in S. alcyona , S. cataracta , S. lufengia , and S. mazbii are consistent with the inferred ancestral arrangement in Myriapoda, but Scolopendra multidens had a duplication of tRNA and S. calcarata underwent a significant gene rearrangement. The Tandem Duplication/Random Loss model and tRNA mispriming mode were determined as most likely explanations for the observed gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the six newly sequenced mitogenomes and published mitochondrial data from other Chilopoda species. The results revealed two major monophyletic clades within Scolopendra : one comprising S. alcyona , S. dehaani , S. cataracta , S. lufengia , S. morsitans , S. multidens , and S. mutilans , and the other uniting S. mazbii and S. calcarata . Notably, S. subspinipes unexpectedly clustered with Scolopocryptops sp., challenging the monophyly of Scolopendra and highlighting the need for revised taxonomic evaluations. These results enhance our understanding of gene rearrangements and evolutionary dynamics in Scolopendromorpha, offering critical insights into their phylogenetic relationships.