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When unions undertake labor organizing campaigns, they often do so from strong moral positions, contrasting workers' rights to decent pay or better working conditions with the more venal financial motives of management. But how does labor confront management when management itself has moral legitimacy? In With God on Our Side , Adam D. Reich tells the story of a five-year campaign to unionize Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital, a Catholic hospital in California. Based on his own work as a volunteer organizer with the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), Reich explores how both union leaders and hospital leaders sought to show they were upholding the Catholic mission of the hospital against a market represented by the other. Ultimately, workers and union leaders were able to reinterpret Catholic values in ways that supported their efforts to organize. More generally, Reich argues that unions must weave together economic and cultural power in order to ensure their continued relevancy in the postindustrial world. In addition to advocating for workers' economic interests, unions must engage with workers' emotional investments in their work, must contend with the kind of moral authority that Santa Rosa Hospital leaders exerted to dissuade workers from organizing, and must connect labor's project to broader conceptions of the public good.

Elevated heavy metal(loid)s concentrations in water lower its quality posing a threat to consumers. This study aims to assess the human health risk caused by heavy metal(loid)s in tap water in Santa Rosa city, Ecuador, and the ecological risk of stream water and sediments in the Santa Rosa River. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were evaluated in tap waters, stream waters, and sediment samples during the rainy and dry seasons. The Metal Index (MI), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI), and the levels of carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) were determined. The results revealed severe pollution levels, mainly in Los Gringos and El Panteon streams, both tributaries of the Santa Rosa River, the primary water source for Santa Rosa inhabitants. More than 20% of the surface water samples showed severe contamination (MI > 6), and 90% of the tap water samples presented a MI value between 1 and 4, which indicates slight to moderate pollution. Drinking water displayed high levels of As, with 83% of the tap water samples collected from households in the dry season above the recommended concentration set by the World Health Organization and Ecuadorian legislation. The Igeo-Cd in the sediment samples was significantly high (Igeo > 3), and the PERI showed very high ecological risk (PERI > 600), with Cd as the main pollutant. HQ and CR were above the safe exposure threshold, suggesting that residents are at risk from tap water consumption, with As being the primary concern.

Costa Rica’s environmental regime is world renowned, and since the mid-twentieth century, the country has protected its inestimable natural resources via land conservation expropriation. Through conservation Costa Rica ended the historical plague of deforestation, and its national parks and nature reserves buttress an ecotourism industry that is an important source of foreign revenue. But with every act of conservation, a human toll was also paid. As rural lands became protected areas, rural people lost access to places they depended on for survival. They hence became “victims” or, to some, “enemies” of conservation, and in nearly every setting, they resisted by carrying out land invasions; squatting; unauthorized ranching, farming, and mining; and even environmental banditry (as with the burning of La Casona in Santa Rosa National Park in 2001). Focusing on a handful of celebrated cases of land conservation, this analysis demonstrates how the creation of natural havens such as Corcovado National Park in 1975 displaced rural people and the various ways those people responded. El régimen ambiental de Costa Rica es de renombre mundial, y el país desde mediados del siglo XX ha protegido sus inestimables recursos naturales a través de la expropiación de tierras. A través de la conservación Costa Rica puso fin a la histórica plaga de la deforestación, y sus parques nacionales y reservas naturales respaldan una industria de ecoturismo que es una importante fuente de ingresos extranjeros. Pero con cada acto de conservación también se pagó un peaje humano. A medida que las tierras rurales se convirtieron en áreas protegidas, la población rural perdió el acceso a los lugares de los que dependía para sobrevivir. Por lo tanto se convirtieron en “víctimas” o, para algunos, “enemigos” de la conservación, y en casi todos los entornos en los que fueron desplazados resistieron realizando invasiones de tierras, ocupaciones ilegales, actividades no autorizadas de ganadería, agricultura y minería, e incluso bandolerismo ambiental (como se vio con la quema de La Casona en el Parque Nacional Santa Rosa en 2001). Este análisis se centra en un puñado de casos célebres de conservación de tierra y demuestra cómo la creación de refugios naturales como el Parque Nacional Corcovado en 1975 desalojó a la población rural y las diversas formas en que esas personas respondieron.

Granitoid magmatism in the Basin and Range Province of northwestern Nevada remains an important gap in our understanding of the along-strike variability of Mesozoic Cordilleran arc systems. We present a comprehensive investigation on a suite of intrusions within the Santa Rosa Range (SRR) and Bloody Run Hills (BRH) of northwestern Nevada. Petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb geochronology indicate two distinct magmatic systems in the SRR: an older, mafic, and metaluminous pulse (Santa Rosa/Andorno [SRA] group-ca. 102-100 Ma) and a younger, felsic, and peraluminous pulse (Granite Peak/Sawtooth [GPS] group-ca. 94-92 Ma). Within the BRH to the south, the Flynn (ca. 105 Ma) and Bloody Run stocks (ca. 96 Ma) are compositionally similar to the SRA group. New Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry reveals emplacement paleodepths of ∼5-10 km for the SRA group. Slightly deeper emplacement levels (∼10.5-12 km) are inferred for the GPS group from structural relationships and metamorphic contact aureole assemblages. Elemental characteristics are correlated with whole-rock Sr and Nd isotope ratios, revealing higher εNd(t) (+0.8 to +2.5) and lower initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7040-0.7054) in the older SRA group than the younger GPS group (εNd(t) = -3.2 to -1.5; 87Sr/86Sr(i) 0.7056-0.7061). New zircon εHf isotope analyses reveal that with the exception of the Bloody Run stock (-0.4 ± 2.1), the SRA group has more primitive zircon εHf(t) values (+2.9 to +5.3) than the GPS group (+0.4 to -3.7). The systematic shift in whole-rock Sr and Nd isotope and zircon εHf(t) values with time suggests fundamental changes in the relative contributions of mantle and crustal sources. A comparison of published geochronology and geochemistry from regional intrusive suites confirms that SRR-BRH magmatism was coeval and geochemically similar to the larger Cordilleran batholiths, providing evidence for the continuity of the Mesozoic magmatic arc through northwestern Nevada.

Este estudio analizó los procesos petrogenéticos e implicancias locales de las rocas intrusivas en los cerros San Cristóbal, La Virgen y Altillo (Lima, Perú), pertenecientes a las Super Unidades Patap y Santa Rosa. Se realizo cartografiado geológico, y recolección de 23 muestras de rocas para análisis petrográfico, geoquímico y de Difracción de Rayos X. Los resultados confirmaron características regionales de las rocas ígneas, como alcalinidad, ambiente de subducción y tipo de arco magmático. Además, se interpretaron posibles procesos locales: 1) la Super Unidad Patap, formada por magmatismo oxidado en un ambiente de baja energía, presentó cristalización fraccionada, mezcla magmática y procesos neumatolíticos que generaron xenolitos con flogopitas; 2) la Super Unidad Santa Rosa, asociada a magmatismo reducido de alta energía, intensa asimilación cortical, nucleación rápida de cristales y emisión de fluidos hidrotermales, los cuales alteraron las rocas de la Super Unidad Patap, generando actinolita, clorita, epidota y trazas de pirita. This study analyzed the petrogenetic processes and local implications of intrusive rocks in the San Cristóbal, La Virgen, and Altillo hills (Lima, Peru), belonging to the Patap and Santa Rosa Super Units. Geological mapping was conducted, along with the collection of 23 rock samples for petrographic, geochemical, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results confirmed regional characteristics of igneous rocks, such as alkalinity, subduction environment, and magmatic arc type. Additionally, possible local processes were interpreted: (1) the Patap Super Unit, formed by oxidized magmatism in a low-energy environment, exhibited fractional crystallization, magma mixing, and pneumatolytic processes that produced xenoliths with phlogopite; (2) the Santa Rosa Super Unit, associated with reduced, high-energy magmatism, showed intense crustal assimilation, rapid crystal nucleation, and the release of hydrothermal fluids, which altered the rocks of the Patap Super Unit, forming actinolite, chlorite, epidote, and traces of pyrite.

Santa Rosa Island, situated along the northwestern Florida coast facing the Gulf of Mexico, is an 85-km-long wave-dominated low-lying barrier island with well-developed incipient and established dunes. In this paper, we examine the regional-scale effect on coastal dunes by a strong category 3 hurricane, Ivan, through comparison of pre- and poststorm airborne LIDAR (light detecting and ranging) surveys. On the basis of pre-Ivan LIDAR survey data, the elevation of the berm and back beach is typically 2.0 m above MSL (mean sea level). Incipient dunes range from 2.5 to 10 m above MSL, or 0.5 to 8.0 m above the surrounding beach. The hummocky dunes that developed over relic washover platforms are typically less than 4.0 m above MSL. The densely vegetated, established dune fields are composed of dunes less than 7.0 m high and intradune wetlands lying at less than 1.0 m above MSL. The entire island was severely affected by Ivan, which made landfall about 45 km to the west in September 2004. The landscape was substantially changed by Ivan. Over 70% of the incipient and hummocky dunes were destroyed, and a large portion of the low-lying wetlands was covered by washover. The degree of storm-induced morphology change depends not only on the intensity and duration of the storm but also on the antecedent morphological characteristics of the barrier island. Comparison of pre- and post-Ivan cross-island LIDAR profiles indicates that at most locations, more sand was eroded from the subaerial portion of the barrier island (e.g., beach and dune) than was deposited as washover terraces and lobes. This suggests a net sand loss to the offshore region. Evidence of sand moving alongshore related to the oblique orientation of the dunes was also identified. Under inundation regime, the subaerial sediment deficit could be accounted for by subaqueous sedimentation into the back-barrier bay.

The Santa Rosa–Calico volcanic field (SC) of northern Nevada is a complex, multi-vent mid-Miocene eruptive complex that formed in response to regional lithospheric extension and flood basalt volcanism. Santa Rosa–Calico volcanism initiated at ∼16.7 Ma, concurrent with regional Steens–Columbia River flood basalt activity and is characterized by a complete compositional spectrum of basalt through high-silica rhyolite. To better understand the relationships between upwelling mafic magmatism, coeval extension, and magmatic system development on the Oregon Plateau we have conducted the first comprehensive study of Santa Rosa–Calico silicic volcanism. Detailed stratigraphic-based field sampling and mapping illustrate that silicic activity in this volcanic field was primarily focused along its eastern and western margins. At least five texturally distinct silicic units are found in the western Santa Rosa–Calico volcanic field, including abundant lava flows, near vent deposits, and shallow intrusive bodies. Similar physical features are found in the eastern portion of the volcanic field where four physically distinct units are present. The western and eastern Santa Rosa–Calico units are characterized by abundant macro- and microscopic disequilibrium textures, reflecting a complex petrogenetic history. Additionally, unlike other mid-Miocene Oregon Plateau volcanic fields (e.g. McDermitt), the Santa Rosa–Calico volcanic field is characterized by a paucity of caldera-forming volcanism. Only the Cold Springs tuff, which crops out across the central portion of the volcanic field, was caldera-derived. Major and trace element geochemical variations are present within and between eastern and western Santa Rosa–Calico silicic units and these chemical differences, coupled with the observed disequilibrium textures, illustrate the action of open-system petrogenetic processes and melt derivation from heterogeneous source materials. The processes and styles of Santa Rosa–Calico silicic magmatism are linked to three primary factors, local focusing of and thermal and material contributions from the regional flood basalt event, lithospheric extension within the northern portion of the Northern Nevada rift, and interaction of mid-Miocene silicic magmas with pre-Santa Rosa–Calico lithosphere. Similar processes and styles of mid-Miocene silicic volcanism likely occurred across the Oregon Plateau in regions characterized by both focused lithospheric extension and localized mafic magmatism.

When unions undertake labor organizing campaigns, they often do so from strong moral positions, contrasting workers' rights to decent pay or better working conditions with the more venal financial motives of management. But how does labor confront management when management itself has moral legitimacy? InWith God on Our Side, Adam D. Reich tells the story of a five-year campaign to unionize Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital, a Catholic hospital in California. Based on his own work as a volunteer organizer with the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), Reich explores how both union leaders and hospital leaders sought to show they were upholding the Catholic \"mission\" of the hospital against a market represented by the other. Ultimately, workers and union leaders were able to reinterpret Catholic values in ways that supported their efforts to organize. More generally, Reich argues that unions must weave together economic and cultural power in order to ensure their continued relevancy in the postindustrial world. In addition to advocating for workers' economic interests, unions must engage with workers' emotional investments in their work, must contend with the kind of moral authority that Santa Rosa Hospital leaders exerted to dissuade workers from organizing, and must connect labor's project to broader conceptions of the public good.

Este artículo se acerca desde una perspectiva etnográfica a la experiencia de reintegración social de excombatientes en la Ciudadela Santa Rosa de Bogotá. Pocos años después de su inauguración, a finales de los años noventa, en varias de las viviendas de esta urbanización fueron abandonadas o rematadas pero a partir de 2005, familias de excombatientes de diferentes grupos compraron estos inmuebles a muy bajo costo y se mudaron allí cuando terminaron su proceso de reinserción institucional. En este artículo parto de la historia del barrio contada por dos de sus habitantes, luego presento la metodología del trabajo de campo y finalizo con algunas reflexiones sobre la investigación acerca del proceso de construcción de relaciones entre los habitantes de la ciudadela. Estas reflexiones dialogan críticamente con las políticas y programas del gobierno nacional y distrital, que regularon la reintegración social de excombatientes, entre 2010 y 2012, en un momento previo a la negociación con las farc.

The discovery of new primates from the ?Late Eocene epoch of Amazonian Peru extends the fossil record of primates in South America back approximately 10 million years. Primate diversification in South America The New World monkeys (or platyrrhines) of South America form a distinctive group whose origins are a mystery. The earliest known remains are 26 million years old and from Bolivia, and shed little light on the question. New remains from the Eocene of Amazonian Peru put the record back ten million years, and bear more resemblance to extinct African primates than to extant or fossil platyrrhines, suggesting a close relationship with African taxa. The fossils also bring the first appearances of monkeys and caviomorph rodents (guinea pigs and allies) in South America closer together, raising yet more questions about the origins of these distinctive South American groups. The platyrrhine primates, or New World monkeys, are immigrant mammals whose fossil record comes from Tertiary and Quaternary sediments of South America and the Caribbean Greater Antilles 1 , 2 . The time and place of platyrrhine origins are some of the most controversial issues in primate palaeontology, although an African Palaeogene ancestry has been presumed by most primatologists 3 , 4 . Until now, the oldest fossil records of New World monkeys have come from Salla, Bolivia 5 , 6 , and date to approximately 26 million years ago 7 , or the Late Oligocene epoch. Here we report the discovery of new primates from the ?Late Eocene epoch of Amazonian Peru, which extends the fossil record of primates in South America back approximately 10 million years. The new specimens are important for understanding the origin and early evolution of modern platyrrhine primates because they bear little resemblance to any extinct or living South American primate, but they do bear striking resemblances to Eocene African anthropoids, and our phylogenetic analysis suggests a relationship with African taxa. The discovery of these new primates brings the first appearance datum of caviomorph rodents and primates in South America back into close correspondence, but raises new questions about the timing and means of arrival of these two mammalian groups.