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"Sappho Influence."
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Roman receptions of Sappho
Sappho, a towering figure in Western culture, is an exemplary case in the history of classical receptions. There are three prominent reasons for this. Firstly, Sappho is associated with some of the earliest poetry in the classical tradition, which makes her reception history one of the longest we know of. Furthermore, Sappho's poetry promotes ideologically challenging concepts such as female authority and homoeroticism, which have prompted very conspicuous interpretative strategies to deal with issues of gender and sexuality, revealing the values of the societies that have received her works through time. Finally, Sappho's legacy has been very well explored from the perspective of reception studies: important investigations have been made into responses both to her as poet-figure and to her poetry from her earliest reception through to our own time. However, one of the few eras in Sappho's longstanding reception history that has not been systematically explored before this volume is the Roman period. The omission is a paradox. Receptions of Sappho can be traced in more than eighteen Roman poets, among them many of the most central authors in the history of Latin literature. Surely, few other Greek poets can rival the impact of Sappho at Rome. This important fact calls out for a systematic approach to Sappho's Roman reception, which is the aim of Roman Receptions of Sappho that focuses on the poetry of the central period of Roman literary history, from the time of Lucretius to that of Martial.
BOOK
Trans Sapphism
This essay examines a trans literary history within nineteenth-century British reception of Sappho. Preceding and complicating the sexological language of inversion, Algernon Charles Swinburne's Poems and Ballads, First Series (1866) inaugurated an indexical relation between Sapphism and gender variance, which came to entail a complex practice of intertextual signaling and allusion organized around Sappho's poetry. This practice of trans Sapphism, which persists in Swinburne's later writings, was taken up later in the Victorian period by writers like Walter Pater, Michael Field, and Vernon Lee, becoming a signature for a literary subculture invested in exposing the tenuous conditions of gender through trans possibilities.
Journal Article
George Eliot’s ‘Greek Vocabulary’ Notebook (c. 1873) as Commodity and Rare Artefact
The material object on which this essay focuses, a notebook bound in leather (originally with blank pages), is one of thousands sold by stationers and others in the later decades of the nineteenth century. It is unique, however, as the undated notebook that George Eliot kept while she was reading Greek poets. In it she wrote out Greek vocabulary words from Sappho, Homer, Theocritus, and others, sometimes accompanied by translations, brief comments, or metrical notations. The notebook has hitherto eluded documentation or acknowledgement by other George Eliot scholars, and one purpose of the article is to rectify this omission. More particularly, the essay assesses the merits of approaching such a material object as a commodified authorial tool and as a rare artefact that illuminates the career of a canonical British author. The essay additionally sheds light on women authors’ study of classical Greek in the 1870s and 1880s, offers an informal description (and four images) of the notebook’s textual contents and inks, and explains the historical route by which the notebook arrived at Special Collections, Mary Couts Burnett Library, Texas Christian University, in Fort Worth, Texas.
Journal Article
Hip Sublime
In their continual attempt to transcend what they perceived as the superficiality, commercialism, and precariousness of life in post-World War II America, the Beat writers turned to the classical authors who provided, on the one hand, a discourse of sublimity to help them articulate their desire for a purity of experience, and, on the other, a venerable literary heritage. This volume examines for the first time the intersections between the Beat writers and the Greco-Roman literary tradition. Many of the “Beats” were university-trained and highly conscious of their literary forebears, frequently incorporating their knowledge of Classical literature into their own avant-garde, experimental practice. The interactions between writers who fashioned themselves as new and iconoclastic, and a venerable literary tradition often seen as conservative and culturally hegemonic, produced fascinating tensions and paradoxes, which are explored here by a diverse group of contributors.
eBook
Sapphic Consciousness in H.D. and de Noailles
In her article \"Sapphic Consciousness in H.D. and de Noailles\" Catherine Clark discusses how female modernists, like their male counterparts, re-evaluated their artistic position in relation to the Greeks and Romans as they explored experimental modes of aesthetic and literary expression. However, many women writers at the turn of the century developed a unique palimpsest with their predecessors, specifically Sappho, that deconstructed and destructed conventional approaches to classical legacy and myth. Clark analyzes selected poems by modernists H.D. (Hilda Doolittle) and Anna de Noailles in which they evoke a Hellenistic past and that collapses the artificial constructions of a largely hegemonic lyric tradition. These women poets evoke a Sapphic lyrical style as they re-imagine themselves in the poetics of the past, resulting in both fragmentation and reconciliation.
Journal Article
Girl, Interrupted
Poet Sappho is profiled. Some of Sappho's major works have recently been discovered.
Magazine Article