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"Saudi Arabia -- Economic conditions -- 20th century"
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A history of Jeddah : the gate to Mecca in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
\"Jeddah was characterised bv a cosmopolitan population, resulting from the city's close connection to maritime trade and its function as the port of Mecca, the holymost city of Islam. Locally, this was conceptualised as the responsibility of hospitality for the guests of God. The study traces different groups of migrants and follows their integration into the city's evolving urban fabric from the late Ottoman to early Saudi period. Its focus are the social, professional and religious institutions ordering life in the city and allowing newcomers to establish themselves. With increasing Western attempts to control the pilgrimage and establish their influence, the Ottoman authorities tightened immigration rules. However, only Saudi Arabian modernisation and large scale labour immigration fundamentally altered the immigration regime. The clear boundaries between nationals and foreigners increasingly limited possibilities for social integration. This notwithstanding, the history of hospitality, in connection with the urban space of old Jeddah, has become a key component of local pride and identity\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Saudi Arabia under Ibn Saud : economic and financial foundations of the state
At its founding in 1932, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was characterized by tribal warfare, political instability, chronic financial shortages and economic crises. As a desert chieftain, Abd al-Aziz Ibn Saud, the ruler and king until 1953, had the skills, the cunning and the power to control the tribes and bring peace to this realm. But financial and economic matters were not his forte and these he left mostly to a single individual, Abdullah al-Sulayman al-Hamdan. He was entrusted with nearly all of the country's early financial dealings and administrative development. This book examines the role of the Ministry of Finance and its minister, Abdullah al-Sulayman, in holding the country together financially and administratively until the promise of substantial oil income was realized a few years after the end of World War II.
Book
Making the desert modern : Americans, Arabs, and oil on the Saudi frontier, 1933-1973
In 1933 American oilmen representing what later became the Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) signed a concession agreement with the Saudi Arabian king granting the company sole proprietorship over the oil reserves in the country’s largest province. As drilling commenced and wells proliferated, Aramco soon became a major presence in the region. In this book Chad H. Parker tells Aramco’s story, showing how an American company seeking resources and profits not only contributed to Saudi “nation building” but helped define U.S. foreign policy during the early Cold War.
In the years following World War II, as Aramco expanded its role in Saudi Arabia, the idea of “modernization” emerged as a central component of American foreign policy toward newly independent states. Although the company engaged in practices supportive of U.S. goals, its own modernizing efforts tended to be pragmatic rather than policy-driven, more consistent with furthering its business interests than with validating abstract theories. Aramco built the infrastructure necessary to extract oil and also carved an American suburb out of the Arabian desert, with all the air-conditioned comforts of Western modern life. At the same time, executives cultivated powerful relationships with Saudi government officials and, to the annoyance of U.S. officials, even served the monarchy in diplomatic disputes. Before long the company became the principal American diplomatic, political, and cultural agent in the country, a role it would continue to play until 1973, when the Saudi government took over its operation.
eBook
Saudi Arabia, 1975-2020
\"The fifth in the CAIW series, this title reflects 50 years of experience of Cambridge (UK)-based World of Information, which since 1975 has followed the region's politics and economics. In the period following the Second World War, Saudi Arabia--a curious fusion of medieval theocracy, unruly dictatorship and extrovert wealth--has been called a country of 'superlatives.' The modernisation of the Kingdom's oil industry has been a smooth process: its oilfields are highly sophisticated. However, social modernisation has not kept pace. 'Reform', long a preoccupation among the Peninsula's leaders does not necessarily go hand in hand with religion\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Routledge Handbook Of Persian Gulf Politics
The Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of Persian Gulf politics, history, economics, and society.
The volume begins its examination of Ottoman rule in the Arabian Peninsula, exploring other dimensions of the region’s history up until and after independence in the 1960s and 1970s. Featuring scholars from a range of disciplines, the book demonstrates how the Persian Gulf’s current, complex politics is a product of interwoven dynamics rooted in historical developments and memories, profound social, cultural, and economic changes underway since the 1980s and the 1990s, and inter-state and international relations among both regional actors and between them and the rest of the world. The book comprises a total of 36 individual chapters divided into the following six sections:
Historical Context
Society and Culture
Economic Development
Domestic Politics
Regional Security Dynamics
The Persian Gulf and the World
Examining the Persian Gulf’s increasing importance in regional politics, diplomacy, economics, and security issues, the volume is a valuable resource for scholars, students, and policy makers interested in political science, history, Gulf studies, and the Middle East.
eBook
Making the Desert Modern
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Aramco's World -- 2. Constructing Balance -- 3. Curing Antiquity -- 4. Man-Made Disease -- 5. Aramco's Eden -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Index -- About the Author -- Back Cover
Book
Governance in the Middle East and North Africa
Governance in the Middle East is a major topic of interest to scholars, activists and policy-makers. The purpose of this volume is to shed light on the contemporary challenges of governance in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and to provide an up-to-date account in historical perspective of the political changes currently under way in the region. With analysis of issues including resources and governance, women’s rights, radicalization and political economy, and with the inclusion of country case studies looking at the democratic process unfolding in Iraq, the debate over reform in Iran, the South–North conflict in Yemen and the question of political transition in Egypt and Libya, this book is invaluable to those interested in Middle Eastern affairs. It aims to present the first comprehensive framework of the question of governance in the Middle East in its various forms and manifestations.
The Handbook consists of two parts:
Part I provides a theoretical and thematic framework for the mutual influence between governance factors such as economics, trade, culture, social conditions, religion and the status of women.
Part II examines individual case studies in 19 countries and territories of the Middle East. Each case study is written by a leading regional expert and sheds light on the particular challenges to governance in the country in question.
The chapters in this volume follow a variety of research methodologies, depending on the topic of each chapter and the contributor’s field of research. This volume offers the most comprehensive and timely reading in the field of MENA governance, and will be an invaluable resource for students, researchers and policy-makers, and for those with a general interest in the region.
eBook
Segregation and seclusion: the case of compounds for western expatriates in Saudi Arabia
In discussions on the \"fragmented city\" and the boom of private and guarded neighbourhoods, several authors have stressed the importance of a growing differentiation of lifestyles and \"cultural\" orientations for this trend. The compounds for western foreigners in Saudi Arabia are explicitly based on the idea of a spatial seclusion of social groups with different \"cultural\" backgrounds. This study presents an overview of the development of these western enclaves. Narrative interviews with former expatriates provide insights into their daily life, their social relations within the compound, and to the Saudi Arabia behind the gates.
Journal Article