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Learning time : in pursuit of educational equity
In this book, the authors focus on how learning time--including the nature, quality, and quantity of that time--differs dramatically for affluent children and poor children and also explore a range of ways to improve the quality and quantity of learning time for children in poverty-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Committee
List of Honorary Board, International Board, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Local Committe, Publication, Venue Map and Program Schedule are available in this pdf.
Journal Article
Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work
Night shift work can associate with an increased risk for depression. As night workers experience a ‘misalignment’ between their circadian system and daily sleep–wake behaviors, with negative health consequences, we investigated whether exposure to circadian misalignment underpins mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. We performed randomized within-subject crossover laboratory studies in non-shift workers and shift workers. Simulated night shifts were used to induce a misalignment between the endogenous circadian pacemaker and sleep/wake cycles (circadian misalignment), while environmental conditions and food intake were controlled. Circadian misalignment adversely impacted emotional state, such that mood and well-being levels were significantly decreased throughout 4 days of continuous exposure to circadian misalignment in non-shift workers, as compared to when they were under circadian alignment (interaction of “circadian alignment condition” vs. “day”, mood:
p
< 0.001; well-being:
p
< 0.001; adjusted
p
-values). Similarly, in shift workers, mood and well-being levels were significantly reduced throughout days of misalignment, as compared to circadian alignment (interaction of “circadian alignment condition” vs. “day”, mood:
p
= 0.002; well-being:
p
= 0.002; adjusted
p
-values). Our findings indicate that circadian misalignment is an important biological component for mood vulnerability, and that individuals who engage in shift work are susceptible to its deleterious mood effects.
Journal Article
Hybrid working from home improves retention without damaging performance
Working from home has become standard for employees with a university degree. The most common scheme, which has been adopted by around 100 million employees in Europe and North America, is a hybrid schedule, in which individuals spend a mix of days at home and at work each week
1
,
2
. However, the effects of hybrid working on employees and firms have been debated, and some executives argue that it damages productivity, innovation and career development
3
,
4
–
5
. Here we ran a six-month randomized control trial investigating the effects of hybrid working from home on 1,612 employees in a Chinese technology company in 2021–2022. We found that hybrid working improved job satisfaction and reduced quit rates by one-third. The reduction in quit rates was significant for non-managers, female employees and those with long commutes. Null equivalence tests showed that hybrid working did not affect performance grades over the next two years of reviews. We found no evidence for a difference in promotions over the next two years overall, or for any major employee subgroup. Finally, null equivalence tests showed that hybrid working had no effect on the lines of code written by computer-engineer employees. We also found that the 395 managers in the experiment revised their surveyed views about the effect of hybrid working on productivity, from a perceived negative effect (−2.6% on average) before the experiment to a perceived positive one (+1.0%) after the experiment. These results indicate that a hybrid schedule with two days a week working from home does not damage performance.
A trial investigating the effects of a hybrid working schedule in a Chinese technology firm in 2021–2022 shows that working from home two days a week improved job satisfaction, reduced quitting and did not affect performance.
Journal Article
NEWWA 2019 Meeting & Event Schedule
The NEWWA 2019 Meeting & Event Schedule is presented.
Journal Article
Nurses’ experiences and preferences around shift patterns: A scoping review
To explore the evidence on nurses' experiences and preferences around shift patterns in the international literature.
Electronic databases (CINHAL, MEDLINE and Scopus) were searched to identify primary studies up to April 2021.
Papers reporting qualitative or quantitative studies exploring the subjective experience and/or preferences of nurses around shift patterns were considered, with no restrictions on methods, date or setting. Key study features were extracted including setting, design and results. Findings were organised thematically by key features of shift work.
30 relevant papers were published between 1993 and 2021. They contained mostly qualitative studies where nurses reflected on their experience and preferences around shift patterns. The studies reported on three major aspects of shift work: shift work per se (i.e. the mere fact of working shift), shift length, and time of shift. Across all three aspects of shift work, nurses strive to deliver high quality of care despite facing intense working conditions, experiencing physical and mental fatigue or exhaustion. Preference for or adaptation to a specific shift pattern is facilitated when nurses are consulted before its implementation or have a certain autonomy to self-roster. Days off work tend to mitigate the adverse effects of working (short, long, early or night) shifts. How shift work and patterns impact on experiences and preferences seems to also vary according to nurses' personal characteristics and circumstances (e.g. age, caring responsibilities, years of experience).
Shift patterns are often organised in ways that are detrimental to nurses' health and wellbeing, their job performance, and the patient care they provide. Further research should explore the extent to which nurses' preferences are considered when choosing or being imposed shift work patterns. Research should also strive to better describe and address the constraints nurses face when it comes to choice around shift patterns.
Journal Article