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\"A rare work of narrative non-fiction that beautifully illuminates a world most of us try not to see: the daily lives of the severely mentally ill, who are medicated, marginalized, locked away and shunned. Susan Doherty's groundbreaking book brings us a population of lost souls, ill-served by society, feared, shunted from locked wards to rooming houses to the streets to jail and back again. For the past ten years, some of the people who cycle in and out of the severely ill wards of the Douglas Institute in Montreal, have found a friend in Susan, who volunteers on the ward, and then follows her friends out into the world as they struggle to get through their days. With their full cooperation, she brings us their stories, which challenge the ways we think about people with mental illness on every page. The spine of the book is the life of Caroline Evans (not her real name), a woman in her early sixties whom Susan has known since she was a bright and sunny school girl. Caroline has given Susan complete access to her medical files and her court records; through her, we experience what living with schizophrenia over time is really like. She has been through it all, including the way the justice system treats the severely mentally ill: at one point, she believed that she could save her roommate from the devil by pouring boiling water into her ear ... Susan interleaves Caroline's story with vignettes about her other friends, human stories that reveal their hopes, their circumstances, their personalities, their humanity. She's found that if she can hang in through the first ten to fifteen minutes of every coffee date with someone in the grip of psychosis, then true communication results. Their \"madness\" is not otherworldly: instead it tells us something about how they're surviving their lives and what they've been through. The Ghost Garden is not only touching, but carries a cargo of compassion and empathy.\"-- Provided by publisher.

Amaç: Şizofreni hastalarının çoğunda başkalarının duygu dışavurumlarının algılanmasında bozukluklar vardır. Bu çalışmada, duygu dışavurumunun algılanmasını değerlendirmek için geliştirilmiş olan Yüzde Dışavuran Duygu-ların Tanınması Testi (YDTT) ve Yüzde Dışavuran Duyguların Ayırt Edilmesi Testi'nin (YDAT) Türk toplumunda güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmaya 50 şizofreni hastası ve yaş, cinsi-yet, eğitim açısından eşleştirilmiş 50 sağlıklı kontrol alındı. YDTT ve YDAT testleri deneklere aynı araştırmacı tarafından on beş gün arayla iki kez üst üste uygulandı. Güvenilirlik analizi için test-tekrar test korelasyon katsa-yıları hesaplandı. Ayrıca her test maddesi için, ilk ve son testler arası uyumun değerlendirilmesi amacıyla, McNemar testi ve Kappa analizi yapıldı. Geçerliliği değerlendirmek için hastalar ve kontrollerin test performansları karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrollerde YDTT ve YDAT ilk ve son test toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu. Test-tekrar test güvenirlik katsayısı hasta grubunda YDTT için 0.90, YDAT için 0.70; kontrol grubunda YDTT için 0.84, YDAT için 0.93 idi. Test maddeleri tek tek değerlendirildiğinde ilk ve son yanıtlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığı, ilk ve son yanıtların uyumlu olduğu saptandı. YDTT maddeleri için kappa değerleri hasta grubunda 0.61-0.90, kontrol grubunda 0.59-0.88 arasında değişmekte idi. YDAT maddeleri için kappa değerleri hastalarda 0.60-1.00, kontrollerde 0.58-1.00 arasında idi. Hasta ve kontrol gruplarının toplam test puanları karşılaştırıldığında, hastaların kontrollere göre hem YDTT, hem de YDAT testlerinde anlamlı olarak daha düşük performans gösterdikleri saptandı. Tartışma: YDTT ve YDAT testleri Türk toplumundaki şizofreni hastaları için güvenilir ve geçerli bulunmuştur. Bu testler şizofreni hastalarında yüzde dışavuran duyguların algılanmasındaki bozuklukların değerlendirilmesini sağlayarak bu yöndeki araştırmalarda önemli bir boşluğu dolduracaktır. Objective: Patients with schizophrenia often have impairments in recognition of facial emotions. Facial emotion identification (FEI) and facial emotion discrimination (FED) tests have been developed to evaluate the ability to perceive facial emotions. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability and the validity of those tests in the context of Turkish culture. Methods: Fifty patients with schizophrenia, and 50 healthy controls matched for age, gender and education level were included in the study. FEI and FED tests were administered to all participants by the same clinician, and they were repeated after fifteen days. Test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated for reliability analysis. McNemar and Kappa tests were used for each test item to measure the agreement and association between the first and last performances. The patients' and the controls' performance on FEI and FED tests were compared to evaluate validity. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the total scores of fırst and last performances on FEI and FED tests in both patient and control groups. Test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.90 for FEI and 0.70 for FED in patient group; 0.84 for FEI and 0.93 for FED in control group, respectively. When evaluated individually, there were no statistically significant differences betwen first and last performances for each test item. Kappa values for FEI items were between 0.61-0.90 in patient group, and 0.59-0.88 in control group respectively. Kappa values for FED items were between 0.60-1.00 in patient group, and 0.58-1.00 in control group respectively. In comparison to controls, patients performed significantly worse on the FEI and the FED total scores. Discussion: FEI and FED tests were reliable and valid for patients with schizophrenia in Turkish culture. These tests can be successfully used for patients with schizophrenia to evaluate their ability to perceive facial emotions, and they will be useful tools for future studies on emotions in schizophrenia.

Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue analizar los perfiles latentes de estigma internalizado y las covariables que predicen variaciones en sus niveles considerando antecedentes como origen étnico, sexo y ciertas características clínicas relevantes como ajuste premórbido, Duración de psicosis no tratada y síntomas.Método: se utilizó Análisis de Clases Latentes (ACL) para diseñar una solución con tres perfiles de estigma internalizado en una muestra compuesta por 227 pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia atendidos en los centros públicos de Salud mental de la ciudad de Arica, Chile.Resultados: los resultados demostraron que el ajuste premórbido es un predictor significativo de pertenencia a una clase para los perfiles de estigma latente. Al analizar las características sociodemográficas y contrariamente a nuestra hipótesis, el origen étnico no fue un predictor relevante de perfiles de estigma internalizado.Conclusión: el modelo de clasificaciones latentes es apto para evaluar perfiles de estigma con el fin de diseñar futuras intervenciones en focos y poblaciones en riesgo específicos.

En Crítica de la razón cínica, Peter Sloterdijk afirma que el cínico moderno puede ser comprendido, psicológicamente, como un “caso límite del melancólico” capaz de mantener a raya sus “síntomas depresivos”. De acuerdo con esto, logra trocar su propia desilusión respecto del mundo en realismo utilitario de supervivencia. Satisface, de este modo, deseos subjetivos de autoafirmación en la dureza por medio de una actitud irónica generalizada, bastante próxima a “fenómenos esquizoides”. Esta caracterización es problemática porque corre el riesgo de habilitar una lectura “psicopatologizante” del cinismo, lo cual supondría que el propio autor contraviene algunas de sus premisas elementales. Para esclarecer este punto, es necesario precisar con exactitud el sentido que tiene la melancolía –y a partir de ella, la esquizofrenia– en el contexto general de este planteo. Sin embargo, esto requiere, a su vez, incursionar en lo que Sloterdijk entiende no sólo por “psicopatología”, sino también por “enfermedad”.

Background: Despite the abundant research on emotion recognition in schizophrenia, there are still some issues about which there is no conclusive data. The present study examined one these issues: the role that sex plays in emotion recognition. Method: The sample consisted of 440 participants, 220 patients with schizophrenia and 220 controls. Measures of the six basic emotions, psychopathology, and cognitive functioning were taken. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Controls perceived all emotions, except happiness, better than patients. In the patient group three main results were obtained: 1) men recognized disgust and neutral expressions better than women; 2) happiness and sadness were better recognized on female faces, while disgust and neutral expressions were better recognized on male faces; and 3) a significant interaction was seen between the stimulus sex and the participant sex only for the fear emotion. Conclusions: The results obtained support the hypothesis that deficits in the recognition of emotions is a core feature of schizophrenia that affects both men and women to the same extent. There is no clear pattern of interaction between the sex of the perceiver and the sex of the photograph used as a stimulus. Keywords: Schizophrenia, psychosis, emotion processing, sex. Reconocimiento de emociones en pacientes con esquizofrenia: el papel del sexo. Antecedentes: a pesar de haber abundante investigacion sobre el reconocimiento de emociones en esquizofrenia, hay algunas cuestiones sobre las que no hay datos concluyentes. El presente estudio valoro una de esas cuestiones: el papel del genero en el reconocimiento de emociones. Metodo: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 440 sujetos, 220 pacientes con esquizofrenia y 220 controles. Se tomaron medidas de las seis emociones basicas, psicopatologia y funcionamiento cognitivo. Los datos se analizaron mediante un ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Resultados: los controles percibieron todas las emociones mejor que los pacientes, excepto la alegria. En los pacientes destacaron tres resultados: 1) los hombres reconocieron mejor el asco y la expresion neutra; 2) las emociones de alegria y tristeza se reconocieron mejor en caras femeninas, y el asco en masculinas; 3) se observo un efecto de interaccion entre el genero de la fotografia y del participante solo para la emocion de miedo. Conclusiones: los resultados apoyan que el deficit en el reconocimiento de emociones es un rasgo caracteristico de la esquizofrenia, que afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres. No se observa un patron claro de interacciones entre el genero del participante y el genero de la imagen usada como estimulo. Palabras clave: esquizofrenia, psicosis, procesamiento de emociones, genero.

This paper analyzes some dimensions of verbal fluency in a sample of 50 clinical interviews conducted with people diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and first episode, from the perspective of clinical linguistics applied to psychiatry. We propose to determine if there are differences in the verbal fluidity dimensions studied between both groups of patients. In this way, in order to assess whether it constitutes a marker of primary linguistic deficit, we intend to verify the relationship between verbal fluency, clinical diagnosis and the stage of the disease. Firstly, the analysis of the data shows that it is possible to observe the early deterioration of verbal fluency in people with first episode of schizophrenia. In the second place, the variable clinical stage of the disease presents a greater statistical significance; therefore, it is possible to consider that the deterioration of verbal fluency is a primary marker of the pragmalinguistic deficit for schizophrenia.