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Neben dem Kompetenzerwerb stellt Wohlbefinden ein wichtiges Bildungsziel dar und es konnte gezeigt werden, dass beide Variablen voneinander abhängen. Bis jetzt liegen allerdings im Wesentlichen Befunde aus Querschnittsstudien vor, sodass die Richtung des Zusammenhangs noch nicht vollständig geklärt ist. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden längsschnittliche Daten von Schülerinnen und Schülern der 5. bis zur 9. Klasse genutzt, die an der nationalen Bildungspanelstudie (NEPS) teilgenommen hatten. Untersucht wurden reziproke Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen Facetten von Wohlbefinden (körperlich, kognitiv, emotional) und schulischer Leistung. Weiterhin wurden in Bezug auf diese reziproken Zusammenhänge Unterschiede zwischen Geschlechtern und Schulformen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten vor allem positive wechselseitige Beziehungen zwischen schulischer Leistung und verschiedenen Indikatoren des Wohlbefindens. Mehrgruppenmodelle ergaben jedoch keine Hinweise auf Unterschiede zwischen Geschlechtern oder Schulformen. Implikationen für Forschung und Bildungspraxis werden diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.). Besides acquisition of academic competencies, well-being is an important educational goal and it has been shown that both outcomes are mutually dependent. However, until now, most studies used cross-sectional designs so that the direction of the relation is not yet fully understood. In the present study we used longitudinal data from students attending grades 5 to 9 who participated in the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). We analyzed reciprocal relations between different facets of well-being (i.e., physical, cognitive, emotional) and academic achievement. Furthermore, we examined differences between gender and type of school in these reciprocal relations. Results revealed mainly positive reciprocal relations between academic achievement and different indicators of well-being. However, multi-group models did not show differences between gender and type of school. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.).

Parental involvement research has greatly expanded over the past decade, but findings are mixed, reflecting in part the conceptual and methodological limitations of many studies. On the basis of longitudinal questionnaire data from 1,685 sixth-grade students, the authors studied parental help with homework because it is the most common and most controversial type of parental involvement. Distinguishing between the quantity and quality of parental homework involvement, the research shows that completely different conclusions about the effectiveness of parental homework involvement will be reached if its quantity is assessed instead of its quality: How often parents helped with homework was negatively associated with the development of achievement, whereas homework help that was perceived as supportive had positive predictive effects, and homework help perceived as intrusive had negative effects. Moreover, the results show that effect sizes would be overestimated if students' prior achievement and family background were not controlled.

This study is a substantive-methodological synergy in which exploratory structural equation modeling is applied to investigate the factor structure of multidimensional self-concept instruments. On the basis of a sample of German students (N = 1958) who completed the Self-Description Questionnaire I and the Self-Perception Profile for Children, the results supported the superiority of exploratory structural equation modeling compared with confirmatory factor analyses for both instruments. Exploratory structural equation modeling resulted in lower factor correlations and substantively meaningful cross-loadings. The authors also proposed and contrasted 3 mechanisms for testing grade-related differences in the differentiation of self-concept facets and found no evidence of increased differentiation between Grades 3 to 6. (DIPF/Orig.).

This article explores how the associations between student achievement and achievement growth influence our understanding of the role schools play in academic inequality. Using nationally representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 (ECLS-K:2011), we constructed parallel growth and lagged score models within both seasonal learning and school effects frameworks to study how student- and school-level socioeconomic and racial/ethnic backgrounds relate to student learning. Our findings suggest that seasonal comparative scholars, who generally argue that schools play an equalizing role, and scholars focused on school compositional effects, who typically report that schools exacerbate inequality, come to these contrasting findings not only because they ask different questions but also because they treat student initial achievement differently when modeling student learning. (DIPF/Orig.).

Prior research has shown that English learner (EL) classification is consequential for students; however, less is known about how EL classification affects student outcomes. In this study, we examine one hypothesized mechanism: teacher perceptions. Using a national data set (Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 2010-2011 or ECLS-K:2011), we use coarsened exact matching to estimate the effect of kindergarten EL status on teachers' perceptions of students' academic skills. We further explore whether that impact is moderated by instructional setting (bilingual vs. English immersion). We find evidence that EL classification results in lower teacher perceptions. This impact is, however, moderated by bilingual environments. In bilingual classrooms, we do not find evidence that EL classification results in diminished perceptions. This study adds to research on teacher perceptions and the effects of EL classification. (DIPF/Orig.).

Deficits in phonological information processing in upper elementary students with specific learning disabilities in reading or spelling may increase, decrease, or remain stable over time. The authors examined the development of phonological processing longitudinally in 209 students (109 with learning disabilities and 100 typically achieving; n = 127 boys) in Germany, from grade 3 to grade 5 (ages 8-11; mean age at recruitment = 8 years 6.78 months, SD = 5.39 months). Latent change score models revealed that the development of rapid automatized naming was best described as a decreasing deficit, whereas a persistent deficit in phonological awareness was observed. Differences between students with and without learning disabilities regarding the phonological loop increased over time. Further, there were no developmental differences as a function of reading versus spelling deficits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.).

Using data from 1,571 ninth-grade students (Mage = 14.62) from 82 academic track schools in Germany and their predominantly Caucasian middle-class parents, configurations of different family characteristics reported by parents were investigated. Latent profile analyses considering academic involvement, family interest, parents' self-concept, child's need for support, and parents' time and energy identified average, indifferent, motivated and engaged, motivated and disengaged, and involved families. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with students' motivational (self-concept, effort, and interest) and achievement outcomes (achievement test and grades) in math were analyzed. Students from families classified as motivated and disengaged showed higher initial levels motivation and achievement. Over 5 months, these students also showed an increase in self-concept and higher achievement than students from other family types. (DIPF/Orig.).

In this paper, we argue that classroom management, student support, and cognitive activation are generic aspects of classroom teaching, forming Three Basic Dimensions of teaching quality. The conceptual framework was developed in research on mathematics instruction but it is supposed to generalize across subjects. It is based on general theories of schooling and teaching as well as established theories and research traditions from educational psychology. Although used frequently in German-speaking countries, no comprehensive overview of the theoretical foundation as well as the existing evidence regarding the framework, including its strengths and weaknesses, exists so far. The present paper therefore presents first an overview of the theoretical rationale of the framework. Second, it gives an overview of differences and commonalities in the operationalizations of the Three Basic Dimensions in different studies, including a comprehensive set of sub-dimensions. Third, evidence on the reliability and validity of the dimensions is reviewed, with good results for reliability and mixed results for predictive validity. Fourth, an analysis of three mathematics lessons using observer ratings illustrates how the framework of the Three Basic Dimensions can be used for investigating instructional quality. Finally, strengths and limitations of the framework for capturing instructional quality are discussed and we elaborate on the framework's potential for further development. (DIPF/Orig.).

Many approaches to explaining educational inequalities relate explicitly and implicitly to benefits of education, and rational choice theories in particular consider monetary benefits. We specify a concept of the value of education that allows for an empirical analysis of educational benefits, considering both monetary and non-monetary dimensions (instrumental goals) outlined in social production function theory. Our objectives include introducing a sound theoretical framework, the validation of an empirical measurement instrument and an analysis of the differences between certain dimensions of educational values structured by social origin, gender and immigrant background. Analyses are based on a two-wave panel study (SASAL-School Alienation in Switzerland and Luxembourg) carried out in secondary schools in Luxembourg and Switzerland. We distinguish four dimensions within the concept of values of education: stimulation, comfort/status, behavioural confirmation and affection. The different dimensions of the value of education are influenced by gender and immigrant backgrounds in both national settings. (DIPF/Orig.).