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This article explores how university learning and the period of school placement can contribute to identity development understood as a dynamic and evolving process. From this perspective, we understand the teacher’s professional identity as an ongoing process of interpretation and re-interpretation of experiences that are shaped in professional spaces of relationship with others, where each person makes different processes of identification, representations, and attributions, creating a spiral of continuous construction or reconstruction. It is thus a phenomenon of social interaction. Data collection involved eight students, their school tutors, and university teachers within the framework of 4th-year school placements. Data analysis was organised around three dimensions of the research project: the teacher him/herself, the bond between students and the educational community, and the relationship between the school and the university. The results highlighted the need to improve the practicum, especially at the university level. Both school and university tutors are crucial in promoting and guiding dialogical processes of knowledge construction with oneself, others, and the world. However, the university has an added responsibility in this key relational process; university tutors must improve their role as mediators between students and school tutors to contribute to the development of the teaching identity in a complex and dynamic way. (DIPF/Orig.)

In the context of improving the quality of teacher education, the focus of the present work was to adapt the Mentoring for Effective Primary Science Teaching instrument to become more universal and have the potential to be used beyond the elementary science mentoring context. The adapted instrument was renamed the Mentoring for Effective Teaching Practicum Instrument. The new, validated instrument enables the assessment of trainee teachers' perceived experiences with their mentors during their two-week annual teaching practicum at elementary and high schools. In the first phase, the original 34-item Mentoring for Effective Primary Science Teaching instrument was expanded to 62 items with the addition of new items and items from the previous works. All items were rephrased to refer to contexts beyond primary science teaching. Based on responses on an expanded instrument received from 105 pre-service teachers, of whom 94 were females in their fourth year of study (approx. age 22-23 years), the instrument was reviewed and shortened to 36 items classified into six dimensions: personal attributes, system requirements, pedagogical knowledge, modelling, feedback, and Information and Communication Technology due to outcomes of Principal Component and Confirmatory Factor analyses. All six dimensions of the revised instrument are unidimensional, with Cronbach alphas above 0.8 and factor loadings of items above 0.6. Such an instrument could be used in follow-up studies and to improve learning outcomes of teaching practice. As such, specific and general recommendations for the mentee, mentors, university lecturers, and other stakeholders could be derived from the findings to encourage reflection and offer suggestions for the future. (DIPF/Orig.)

When the Covid-19 pandemic started in March 2020, the educational process had to be redesigned to meet current needs. At the Faculty of Education of the University of Ljubljana, pre-service engineering and technology teachers (3rd and 4th years of undergraduate two-subject teachers' study programme) are obliged to complete a teaching practice in educational institutions and submit a teaching practice diary. Due to the closure of primary schools, the teaching practice was transformed to distance/online practice. This empirical study examines a recently developed intuitive model for distance learning, which took place during the teaching practice. Teaching practice diaries served as an instrument for gathering data. The sample size encompasses 56 lesson plan activities for the compulsory primary school Design and Technology subject for students aged 12-15 years at 15 primary schools in different parts of Slovenia carried out during online teaching practice by 11 pre-service technology teachers in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 academic years. The research methodology is focused on lesson-type determination and model elements analysis in lesson plan making and implementation activity. Distance learning model elements are evaluated with regard to online/offline learning tools from e-learning platforms to engineering education field-specific tools (e.g., technical drawings and electric circuits). Online teaching practice was as new for pre-service technology teachers and teacher-mentors as online learning was new for students. The advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. Furthermore, the distance learning model from the first Covid-19 wave teaching practice was adapted to challenge the second Covid-19 wave. The pandemic has enabled the rise of blended learning, which has been gaining focus in secondary and higher education levels in recent years; however, it encountered obstacles when entering the primary school domain. How to encompass blended learning into the evolved distance learning model will be shown. (DIPF/Orig.)

This article analyzes literature on mentored learning to teach in ways consistent with the standards reform movement. It suggests that although reformers encourage mentoring for standards-based teaching, the assumptions underlying mentoring programs are often focused not on standards but on emotional and technical support. Mentoring practices are consistent with program assumptions rather than with the assumptions underlying standards-based teaching. Mentoring practices promote novices' retention but may not support their learning to teach. Although mentoring practices alone cannot be expected to reform teaching, case studies can illustrate practices for novices learning to teach in reform-minded ways. The authors argue that policymakers need to find effective ways to educate mentoring program developers and that mentors and researchers need to explore the content and process of reform-minded mentoring. (DIPF/Orig.).

Wenn Unterricht als Subjektivierungsgeschehen betrachtet wird, wendet sich der Blick zunächst auf diejenigen Adressaten, für die er in erster Linie veranstaltet wird - die Schüler*innen. Angesichts der Relationalität von Adressierungspraktiken versuchen die Autor*innen jedoch, im Beitrag zu zeigen, dass das Adressierungsgeschehen als mindestens reziprok zu untersuchen ist. Anhand eines Transkriptauszuges aus einer Mathematiklektion in der Primarschule, die von einer Studentin im ersten Praktikum durchgeführt wird, wird gezeigt, wie eine Praxislehrerin die Studentin und einen Schüler im Verlauf des Unterrichtsgeschehen bezüglich der auch fachlichen Auseinandersetzung adressiert und damit aus dem Hintergrund die Ordnung des Unterrichts bestimmt. Die Rekonstruktion zeigt einen doppelten situativen Subjektivierungsprozess, in dem die Lehrerin durch starke Positionierungen ihre Vorstellungen von Unterricht durchsetzt. (DIPF/Orig.) When teaching is considered as a process of subjectivation, the focus is initially on the addressees for whom it is primarily organised - the pupils. In view of the relationality of addressing practices, however, we try to show in this article that the addressing process must be examined as at least reciprocal. Based on a transcript fragment from a primary school mathematics lesson conducted by a teacher student in her first internship, we show how a mentor teacher addresses the student and a pupil during the lesson with regard to the subject matter and thus determines the order of the lesson from the background. The reconstruction shows a double situational subjectivation process in which the mentor teachers ideas about teaching are enforced through strong positioning. (DIPF/Orig.)

Bestehende Forschungen zu Schulpraktika konzentrieren sich vor allem auf die Gruppe der Studierenden. Befunde zu den Betreuungspersonen und zur Interaktion beider Gruppen fehlen bisher und stellen ein Desiderat dar. Dem folgend diskutieren in der vorliegenden Studie Studierende im Praktikum und ihre betreuenden Lehrkräfte Bedingungen einer gelingenden Beziehung und Zusammenarbeit. Diese geben auch Aufschluss darüber, welche Konzeptionen von Beziehung und welche Rollengefüge beide Seiten als förderlich für ihre Interaktion wahrnehmen. Die Stichprobe umfasst 57 Studierende und 99 Praktikumslehrkräfte aus Grund- und Mittelschulen, rekrutiert im Rahmen eines Praktikums, das sich über ein Schuljahr verteilt. Die Auswertung der 21 Gruppendiskussionen erfolgte inhaltsanalytisch. Ein zentrales alle Kategorien übergreifend charakterisierendes Ergebnis ist, dass die Gelingensbedingungen aus Sicht von Studierenden und Lehrkräften eine Auflösung tradierter Meister-Lehrlings-Modelle widerspiegeln. Sie sind an einer symmetrischen Beziehungsgestaltung orientiert und beruhen auf reziprokem Agieren und einer gemeinsamen Verantwortung aller Akteur:innen. Hierarchische Abstufungen zeigen sich dort überholt, wo Studierende ihren Mentor:innen kritisches Feedback geben dürfen und sollen bzw. wo Mentor:innen ihren eigenen Unterricht zur Diskussion stellen und bereit sind, von Studierenden zu lernen. Die kollegiale Zusammenarbeit auf Augenhöhe ist allerdings an Erwartungen der Mentor:innen hinsichtlich des Verhaltens der Studierenden gebunden. Abschließend werden Desiderate der praktischen Implementierung und der wissenschaftlichen Evaluierung diskutiert. (DIPF/Orig.) Existing research on school practicum focuses mainly on the group of student teachers. Findings on the mentor teachers and even more on the interaction of both groups are missing. In the present study, student teachers and mentor teachers discuss the conditions for a successful relationship and collaboration. These conditions provide information about the conceptions of relationship and the role structures both sides perceive as beneficial for their interaction. The sample consists of 57 student teachers and 99 mentor teachers from primary and lower secondary schools. The participants were part of a one-school-year teacher practicum. The 21 group discussions were analyzed using content analysis. A central result across all categories is that conditions of success reflect the dissolution of traditional master-apprenticeship models from both the perspective of student teachers and mentor teachers. Instead, they are orientated towards a symmetrical relationship as well as reciprocal action and shared responsibility. Hierarchies appear to be outdated where teacher students are allowed and expected to give critical feedback to their mentor teachers, where mentor teachers are willing to discuss with and learn from student teachers. However, collegial collaboration on an equal basis is linked to mentors' expectations of mentees' behavior. Finally, desiderata for the practical implementation and scientific evaluation are discussed. (DIPF/Orig.)

Reflectivity is an important professional competence of contemporary teachers. In order to explore how to encourage students' reflection, we conducted a two-year action research project impelling them to become mutual critical friends. For critical friendship communication and other project activities, we utilised Moodle - an online learning management system. On the basis of the analysed data that were gathered at the end of each action research cycle, we determined that the students felt comfortable in the role of critical friends and that critical friends' reflections were particularly pleasant for them. They experienced the comments of their critical friends as friendly, encouraging, useful, specific, interesting, detailed, positive, professional and clear. The majority of students (91%) think that the critical friendship discussion should be continued within the course Correlated-integrated systems in Croatian language teaching, and 85% of them suggest introducing this approach in other teachers' education courses. We determined that the technical mode of reflective thinking prevails in the students' correspondence. The practical or contextual level could rarely be observed while critical reflection was completely absent in 11 of 14 discussions. Reflective thinking of students (future teachers) should be fostered from the beginning of their studies within various courses, particularly in the pedagogical and methodological ones. To encourage their students to be critically reflective, university teachers should embrace reflective thinking by becoming critically-reflective practitioners and conducting action research in their teaching practices. (DIPF/Orig.).

University teacher training is being focused in this article. An exemplary case study, taken from a larger empirical study on meaningful experiences gained by students in their academic education, may show how practices of discrimination in schools and university become effective in everyday educational processes. The design of the study, conducted from a racism sensitive point of view, helps to illuminate practices of homogenization concerning the students once they are being reduced to 'people with migrant backgrounds'. The findings also show how this experience can affect their process of professionalization as teachers. (DIPF/Orig.).

Ausgehend von der 'black box', als die die Praxis der Lehrerbildung trotz eines gesteigerten Forschungsinteresses immer noch bezeichnet werden muss, diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag den Umgang mit Ungewissheit in Unterrichtsnachbesprechungen aus fachdidaktischer und professionstheoretischer Perspektive. Dabei geht es nicht nur um die Reflexionsformate der Erfahrungen mit unterrichtlicher Kontingenz, sondern v. a. um die Gewissheitskonstruktionen und Ungewissheitsschließungen der begleitenden Mentorinnen und Mentoren in diesen Gesprächen. Im Fokus steht dabei eine zentrale Herausforderung professionellen Handelns, und zwar die der antinomisch strukturierten Sachvermittlung und der hieraus resultierenden Beteiligungsungewissheit. Mit der Frage, wie diese Herausforderungen zwischen Mentorinnen und Mentoren sowie Studierenden im fachspezifischen Kontext des Schulfachs Sport verhandelt werden, wird anhand der Rekonstruktion und Problematisierung eines Fallbeispiels die Bedeutsamkeit des vorreflexiven fachkulturellen Selbstverständnisses als Orientierungsrahmen der Konstruktion von fachdidaktischer Gewissheit aufgezeigt. (DIPF/Orig.) Starting from the 'black box', as which the practice of teacher education must still be described despite an increased interest in research, this article discusses the individual handling of uncertainty in lesson debriefings from the perspectives of subject specific education and teacher growth. The focus is not only on the formats of reflection of experiences with uncertainty in the classroom, but also on the constructions of certainty and closures of uncertainty of the mentor-teachers in these discussions. The focus here is on a crucial challenge of professional action, namely the antinomically structured mediation of facts and the resulting uncertainty of participation. Our paper focusses the question of how these challenges are negotiated between mentor-teachers and student-teachers in the subject-specific context of the school subject PE. The reconstruction and problematization of a case study reveals the significance of the pre-reflexive subject-cultural self-image as a frame of orientation for the construction of didactic certainty. (DIPF/Orig.)