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Mad science : Einstein's fridge, Dewar's flask, Mach's speed, and 362 other inventions and discoveries that made our world
\"365 days of inventions, discoveries, science, and technology, from the editors of Wired Magazine...Every day of the year has a rich scientific and technological heritage just waiting to be uncovered, and Wired's top-flight science-trivia book MAD SCIENCE collects them chronologically, from New Year's Day to year's end, showing just how entertaining, wonderful, bizarre, and relevant science can be. In 2010, Wired's popular \"This Day in Tech\" blog peaked with more than 700,000 page views each month, and one story in 2008 drew more than a million unique viewers. This book will collect the most intriguing anecdotes from the blog's run--one for each day of the year--and publish them in a package that will instantly appeal to hardcore techies and curious laypeople alike\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
O uso dos blogs de ciência no campo da Ciência da Informação no Brasil e seus papéis na cultura científica
As Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação reconfiguraram as formas de se produzir, comunicar e divulgar a ciência. Nesse contexto, assume-se que, no âmbito da Web 2.0, os blogs de ciência podem ser uma ferramenta no cumprimento desses papéis. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar os blogs de ciência no campo da Ciência da Informação brasileira, buscando apresentar a configuração da dinâmica temporal no âmbito da disseminação e divulgação científica. Trata-se de um estudo qualiquantitativo, exploratório, que se utiliza do levantamento como método de coleta dos blogs existentes, por meio de busca no blog “De Olho na CI” e no site da Faculdade de Informação e Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Conclui-se que a dinâmica temporal do uso dos blogs na Ciência da informação no Brasil não pode ser dissociada de uma mudança de formato trazida pela Web 2.0, que introduziu as redes sociais e as redes sociais acadêmicas e que ambas não cumprem completamente o papel proposto pela espiral da cultura científica.
Journal Article
Ancestor or Adapiform? Darwinius and the Search for Our Early Primate Ancestors
On May 19, 2009, an international team of scientists claimed to have found one of our early primate ancestors. Dubbed
Darwinius masillae
, the 47 million-year-old primate was presented as “the link” that bridged a gap between early primates and our anthropoid progenitors through a major media campaign, yet details about the way the fossil was acquired, the role media companies played in the presentation of the fossil, and disagreements about the fossil’s interpretation generated a controversy in which scientists, journalists, and science bloggers all played important roles. These debates were reinvigorated in the fall of 2009 when an independent team of researchers described a related fossil primate named
Afradapis longicristatus
, the study of which suggested that
Darwinius
was much further removed from our ancestry than had been initially proposed. The discussion of these fossils will no doubt continue, but the “
Darwinius
debates” of 2009 are significant in that they precipitated a long-awaited analysis of early primate relationships, illustrated the benefits and pitfalls of “going broad” with new discoveries, and exhibited how science blogs can work with traditional media outlets to counter exaggerated claims.
Journal Article
Examining Scientific Literacy through New Media
This study aims to evaluate the impact of new media on scientific literacy. Content analysis with a coding scheme was performed on 42 filtered websites and 20 microblogs to analyze the role of new media in disseminating scientific knowledge. The results showed that the quality of science-oriented websites was higher than that of microblogs. Although both types of new media include valid and accurate information, concerns have been expressed regarding the lack of in-depth analysis of scientific knowledge. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 1,870 sampled college students to determine their scientific literacy levels. According to the results, the use of science-oriented microblogs does not produce a statistical difference, whereas students who use science-oriented websites have higher scientific literacy level than the non-users. Furthermore, students’ identification ability for scientific information from new media is significantly correlated with their scientific literacy. Students’ education, major, and identification ability contributed to their scientific literacy. Suggestions about how to improve the quality of science-oriented new media and how to develop students’ scientific literacy through new media have been discussed.
Journal Article
The Interaction Between Microblog Sentiment and Stock Returns: An Empirical Examination
Opinion mining of microblog messages has become a popular application of business analytics in recent times. Opinions reflected in microblogs have provided businesses with great opportunities to acquire insights into their operating environments in real time. In particular, the relationship between microblog sentiment and stock returns is of great interest to investment professionals and academic researchers across multiple disciplines. We empirically test this complex relationship in a comprehensive study. We perform vector autoregression on a data set containing close to 18 million microblog messages spanning 4 years at the market and the individual stock levels, and at the daily and the hourly frequencies. The results show that the influence of microblog sentiment on stock returns is both statistically and economically significant at the hour level. Microblog sentiment is also largely driven by movements in the market. Moreover, stock returns have a stronger influence on negative sentiment than on positive sentiment. These findings have important implications for both research and practice.
Journal Article
Social Media and Firm Equity Value
Companies have increasingly advocated social media technologies to transform businesses and improve organizational performance. This study scrutinizes the predictive relationships between social media and firm equity value, the relative effects of social media metrics compared with conventional online behavioral metrics, and the dynamics of these relationships. The results derived from vector autoregressive models suggest that social media-based metrics (Web blogs and consumer ratings) are significant leading indicators of firm equity value. Interestingly, conventional online behavioral metrics (Google searches and Web traffic) are found to have a significant yet substantially weaker predictive relationship with firm equity value than social media metrics. We also find that social media has a faster predictive value, i.e., shorter \"wear-in\" time, than conventional online media. These findings are robust to a consistent set of volume-based measures (total blog posts, rating volume, total page views, and search intensity). Collectively, this study proffers new insights for senior executives with respect to firm equity valuations and the transformative power of social media.
Journal Article
Do Altmetrics Work? Twitter and Ten Other Social Web Services
Altmetric measurements derived from the social web are increasingly advocated and used as early indicators of article impact and usefulness. Nevertheless, there is a lack of systematic scientific evidence that altmetrics are valid proxies of either impact or utility although a few case studies have reported medium correlations between specific altmetrics and citation rates for individual journals or fields. To fill this gap, this study compares 11 altmetrics with Web of Science citations for 76 to 208,739 PubMed articles with at least one altmetric mention in each case and up to 1,891 journals per metric. It also introduces a simple sign test to overcome biases caused by different citation and usage windows. Statistically significant associations were found between higher metric scores and higher citations for articles with positive altmetric scores in all cases with sufficient evidence (Twitter, Facebook wall posts, research highlights, blogs, mainstream media and forums) except perhaps for Google+ posts. Evidence was insufficient for LinkedIn, Pinterest, question and answer sites, and Reddit, and no conclusions should be drawn about articles with zero altmetric scores or the strength of any correlation between altmetrics and citations. Nevertheless, comparisons between citations and metric values for articles published at different times, even within the same year, can remove or reverse this association and so publishers and scientometricians should consider the effect of time when using altmetrics to rank articles. Finally, the coverage of all the altmetrics except for Twitter seems to be low and so it is not clear if they are prevalent enough to be useful in practice.
Journal Article