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"Scientific literature Translating."
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Writings of Early Scholars in the Ancient Near East, Egypt, Rome, and Greece
Medicine, astronomy, dealing with numbers ? even the cultures of the \"pre-modern\" world offer a rich spectrum of scientific texts. But how are they best translated? Is it sufficient to translate the sources into modern scientific language, and thereby, above all, to identify their deficits? Or would it be better to adopt the perspective of the sources themselves, strange as they are, only for them not to be properly understood by modern readers? Renowned representatives of various disciplines and traditions present a controversial and constructive discussion of these problems.
eBook
Translating writings of early scholars in the ancient Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Rome : methodological aspects with examples
The volumes published in the series Beiträge zur Altertumskunde comprise monographs, collective volumes, editions, translations and commentaries on various topics from the fields of Greek and Latin Philology, Ancient History, Archeology, Ancient Philosophy as well as Classical Reception Studies. The series thus offers indispensable research tools for a wide range of disciplines related to Ancient Studies.
eBook
A Companion to Medieval Translation
Translation played an essential role throughout the Middle Ages, bridging the gap between literate and lay, and enabling intercourse between languages in multi-lingual Europe. Medieval translation was extremely diverse, ranging from the literality and Latinity of legal documents to the free adaptation of courtly romance.
This guide to medieval translation covers a broad range of religious and vernacular texts and addresses the theoretical and pragmatic problems faced by modern translators of medieval works as they attempt to mediate between past and present.
eBook
Translation in Knowledge, Knowledge in Translation
This volume explores the intersection between Translation Studies and History and Philosophy of Science to shed light on the workings of scientific communities, the dissemination of knowledge across languages and cultures, and the transformation in the process of that knowledge and of the scientific communities involved, among other issues. Through a diachronic approach, from some chapters focussing on early modernity to others that explore the final decades of the twentieth century, and by considering myriad languages, from Latin to Hindi, the twelve chapters of this volume reflect specifically on: (A) processes of the construction and dissemination of knowledge through the work of specific agents (whether individuals or collectives); (B) the implementation of particular linguistic strategies and visual tools in the translation of knowledge and in the diffusion of translated knowledge; and (C) the role of institutions and governments in the devising and implementation of translation policies, as well as the impact of these.
eBook
Why translate science? : documents from antiquity to the 16th century in the historical West (Bactria to the Atlantic)
From antiquity to the 16th century, translation united culturally the peoples in the historical West (from Bactria to the shores of the Atlantic) and fueled the production and circulation of knowledge. The Hellenic scientific and philosophical curriculum was translated from and into, to mention the most prevalent languages, Greek, Syriac, Middle Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin.To fill a lack in existing scholarship, this volume collects the documents that present the insider evidence provided in contemporary accounts of the motivations and purposes of translation given in the personal statements by the agents in this process, the translators, scholars, and historians of each society. Presented in the original languages with an English translation and introductory essays, these documents offer material for the study of the historical contextualization of the translations, the social history of science and philosophy in their interplay with traditional beliefs, and the cultural policies and ideological underpinnings of these societies.ContributorsMichael Angold, Pieter Beullens, Charles Burnett, David Cohen, Gad Freudenthal, Dag Nikolaus Hasse, Anthony Kaldellis, Daniel King, Felix Mundt, Ignacio Sánchez, Isabel Toral, Uwe Vagelpohl, and Mohsen Zakeri.
eBook
Compilation of Dictionaries and Scientific and Technological Translations by Western Protestant Missionaries in China in the Nineteenth Century
The 19th century saw the important transformation of modern Western concepts into Chinese lexical resources. The missionaries were the initiators and important driving force for the translation of Western books into Chinese in modern China. They promoted ‘translating terms’ and ‘coining terms’ in their translations of Western books and the compilation of dictionaries with the cooperation of Chinese intellectuals. Their work provided a tangible ‘word’ carrier of ‘concepts’ for disseminating modern knowledge from the West to the East. Compiled by missionaries, the English–Chinese bilingual dictionaries introduced a brand-new concept of dictionary compilation and changed China’s history of having zidian (字典, character dictionaries) but no cidian (辞典, specialized dictionaries). In particular, John Fryer applied the translation method of creating new words or characters in the translation of chemical terminology. Members of the School and Textbook Series Committee, including John Fryer and Calvin Wilson Mateer, made great contributions to theories and strategies for translation, which keep inspiring Chinese–English translation of terminology and its theoretical construction.
Journal Article
Challenges in Translating Scientific Texts: Problems and Reasons
The demand for scientific and technical translation has increased because of the rapid scientific and technological development in developed countries and the need to spread these sciences and technologies in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the main problems encountered by translators in translating scientific texts from English into Arabic and reveal the main reasons behind these problems. In this study, a qualitative research design is applied, and the sample of this study consists of one scientific text with (938 words) translated by twenty BA students. The study reveals that translators faced lexical and syntactic problems while translating scientific text, such as word diction, preciseness, terminological consistency, word order (markedness), agreement, tense and aspect, and passive structure. Moreover, the study shows that a lack of translators' experience in this domain, students' total dependence on a literal translation, and the lack of awareness of the sensitivity of scientific texts are some of the most important reasons for these problems.
Journal Article
Science Translation in Late Qing Christian Periodicals and the Disciplinary Transformation of Chinese Lixue
Missionary periodicals during the late Qing dynasty played a crucial role in introducing, translating, and systematizing Western scientific knowledge, thereby facilitating China’s transition from the traditional epistemic frameworks of “Lixue” to modern academic disciplines. Situated within a framework of knowledge transmission and disciplinary formation mediated by Chinese Christianity, this study moves beyond prior scholarship that mainly focused on individual missionary figures such as Young John Allen or specific publications like The Church News. Instead, it adopts a broader perspective, employing an integrated quantitative and qualitative analysis to examine their collective role in scientific modernization and disciplinization. The research argues that translational activities in these publications fundamentally reshaped China’s knowledge landscape. It specifically traces the semantic evolution of “Gezhi” (格致) and the transformation of “Lixue” from a moral-philosophical tradition toward the modern natural sciences. By reconstructing this process, the paper illuminates how Chinese Christianity contributed to knowledge structuring and academic modernization, highlighting its significant impact on contemporary disciplines such as Translation Studies. The findings underscore the multifaceted interactions among religious media, knowledge production, and social change.
Journal Article
Translation of Veterinary Texts: Post-Editing for Different Target Audiences Amid MT Limitations
This research fundamentally examines how machine-generated translations of veterinary texts might be post-edited. Given the specialized terminology and knowledge required in veterinary texts, their translations must be conducted by an expert translator with a background in translations of veterinary texts or medical science. Proficiency in translation technologies is also essential for an effective post-editing process. Predictably, the primary audience for veterinary texts consists mainly of professionals in veterinary medicine, including academics and veterinarians. Nevertheless, additional target groups, including an intermediate readership, i.e. veterinary students, pet owners or even farmers without veterinary expertise (laymen), still seek information for specific circumstances. In this study, a specialized text from the Merck Veterinary Manual or MCV (Abdul-Aziz et al., 2016) was randomly selected, and the raw translation output was generated using Google Translate. Analysis revealed that Google Translate's initial translations were done in a sophisticated language, primarily targeting professionals. Based on this finding, it can be said that despite utilizing neural MT systems, Google Translate may tend to overlook the potential variability of other target audiences or groups. Therefore, unlike a human translator, who likely possesses contextual knowledge in advance, Google Translate might fail to adapt translations for distinct audience groups. The fact that the raw outputs of the MCV from Google Translate adhere to a semantic or literary translation, primarily targeting professionals, suggests that light post-editing may suffice for this audience most of the time because they possess prior knowledge or experience in veterinary medicine. In contrast, non-experts may require full post-editing to thoroughly comprehend the text.
Journal Article