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"Scientists -- Professional ethics"
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Raw data : a novel on life in science
\"Chloe and Karen are ambitious and independent-minded young scientists, both trying to make their mark in the competitive world of biomedical science. They work in Tom Palmer's lab at a top-tier research institute in the US. Life in the lab is full of excitement and passion, but also frustrations, jealousy and the fear of being scooped. When honesty and scientific integrity are questioned in the context of a paper accepted at a prestigious journal, all are deeply affected and everyone must decide what actions to take to save their careers. The novel is complemented by an extensive interview with the author on defining features of contemporary bio-medical research: the challenges of turning discovery into publications (\"publish or perish\"), peer review, women in science and, of course, scientific misconduct. The latter has garnered growing attention lately, including high-profile stories in the popular press, and is a source of concerns for scientists, funders and publishers alike.\"--Page 4 of cover.
Book
Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal
The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious.
Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be \"value-free.\" InScience, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal,Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.
Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.
eBook
Research Ethics
Education in the responsible conduct of research typically takes the form of online instructions about rules, regulations, and policies. Research Ethics takes a novel approach and emphasizes the art of philosophical decision-making. Part A introduces egoism and explains that it is in the individual's own interest to avoid misconduct, fabrication of data, plagiarism and bias. Part B explains contractualism and covers issues of authorship, peer review and responsible use of statistics. Part C introduces moral rights as the basis of informed consent, the use of humans in research, mentoring, intellectual property and conflicts of interests. Part D uses two-level utilitarianism to explore the possibilities and limits of the experimental use of animals, duties to the environment and future generations, and the social responsibilities of researchers. This book brings a fresh perspective to research ethics and will engage the moral imaginations of graduate students in all disciplines.
eBook
Danger in the Field
The nature of qualitative inquiry means that researchers constantly have to deal with the unexpected, and all too often this means coping with the presence of danger or risk. This innovative and lively analysis of danger in various qualitative research settings is drawn from researchers' reflexive accounts of their own encounters with 'danger'.
An original take on the ever-popular topic of the ethics of research, this pioneering book expands the common sense use of the term to encompass not just physical danger, but emotional, ethical and professional danger too, with the authors paying special attention to the gendered forms of danger implicit in the research process. From the physical danger of researching the night club 'bouncer' scene to the ethical dangers of participant observation in an old people's home, these international contributions provide researchers and students with thought provoking insights into the importance of a well chosen research design.
1. Putting Danger in the Frame Geraldine Lee-Treweek and Stephanie Linkogle 2. Taking the Flak: Operational Policing, Fear & Violence Louise Westmarland 3. Getting on the Door and Staying There: A Covert Participant Observational Study of Bouncers David Calvey 4. Negotiating Danger in Fieldwork on Crime: A Researcher's Tale Janet Jamieson 5. Bacteria & Babies: A Personal Reflection on Researcher Risk in a Hospital Gloria Lankshear 6. Dangerous Liaisons: Auto/biography in Research and Research Writing Gayle Letherby 7. The Insight of Emotional Danger: Research Experiences in a Home for Older People Geraldine Lee-Treweek 8. Relajo: Danger in a Crowd Stephanie Linkogle 9. Body, Career, and Community: The Implications of Research on Dangerous Groups Arthur J. Jipson and Chad E. Litton 10. Whiteness: Endangered Knowledges, Endangered Species? John Gabriel 11. Sheer Foolishness: Shifting Definitions of Danger in Conducting and Teaching Ethnographic Field Research Jeff Peterson
' Danger in the Field should appeal to a wide variety of readers - novice and experienced researchers alike, teachers of research methodology, managers within any organisations that 'do' research, lay and professional members of ethic committees, and anyone wanting to explore and understand fundamental issues of research theory and practice that have too much been ignored - until now.' - The Sociological Review
eBook
Research ethics for scientists
Research Ethics for Scientists is about best practices in all the major areas of research management and practice that are common to scientific researchers, especially those in academia.Aimed towards the younger scientist, the book critically examines the key areas that continue to plague even experienced and well-meaning science professionals.
eBook
The icepick surgeon : murder, fraud, sabotage, piracy, and other dastardly deeds perpetrated in the name of science
\"Science is a force for good in the world--at least usually. But sometimes, when obsession gets the better of scientists, they twist a noble pursuit into something sinister. Under this spell, knowledge isn't everything, it's the only thing--no matter the cost. Bestselling author Sam Kean tells the true story of what happens when unfettered ambition pushes otherwise rational men and women to cross the line in the name of science, trampling ethical boundaries and often committing crimes in the process\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Ethics and Planning Research
The consideration of ethics in social research has gained increasing prominence in the past few years, particularly research which seeks to inform public policy. This important and unique book provides a thorough examination of the issues relating to research ethics in planning for an international audience. The authors examine alternative frameworks within which ethical action can be discussed and critically describe the key institutional arrangements surrounding the management of ethical behaviour in research. Also included are highly relevant accounts of ethical challenges faced in planning research.
eBook