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"Scrolls Egypt."
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The Oracular Amuletic Decrees: A question of length
The Third Intermediate Period Oracular Amuletic Decrees, divine decrees worn as amulets that promise protection, are written on strips of papyrus of widely varying lengths that often bear no clear relationship to the amount of text on the papyrus. On the basis of the documents themselves and a possible ethnographic parallel, it is suggested that the lengths of the strips of papyrus on which these texts were written reflect the heights of the persons for whom they were written.
Journal Article
JUDGMENT AND REVENGE: The Exodus Account in \Jubilees\ 48
This paper analyzes the Exodus account in Jub. 48 as a story of judgment and revenge. The Jubilean author reworks the two-fold promise given by God to Abraham in the Covenant between the Pieces in two units (vv. 2–8, 9–19) in order to demonstrate that the plagues constitute the \"judgment\" God pledges to bring upon the nation enslaving his descendants and that the Israelites would leave Egypt with great wealth. He further depicts Moses' commissioning as serving to execute judgment upon the Egyptians, reinforcing the Leitmotif of \"taking revenge.\"
Journal Article
Commentary Culture in the Land of Israel from an Alexandrian Perspective
Abstract This article investigates the development of commentary culture in the Land of Israel from an Alexandrian perspective. While both the rabbis and the exegetes at Qumran developed forms of systematic commentary, they differ in important respects. I argue that there are significant similarities between rabbinic exegesis and the commentary culture of Alexandria, both Homeric and biblical, while Qumranic exegesis can be characterized as prophetic. The Alexandrians and the rabbis explained their canonical text from within itself and appreciated it as a literary work. This implies that a human author with a distinct style is assumed and that problems of contradictions as well as verisimilitude are explicitly addressed. The particular form of rabbinic exegesis, which is novel in the Land of Israel, thus seems to have resulted from a lively engagement with Hellenistic culture. In Qumran, on the other hand, prophetic forms of commentary were prevalent. The exegete does not inquire into the biblical text from within itself, but assumes prophetic authority, which enables him to reveal the “secrets” of the text and gain direct access to God’s wisdom. Biblical lemmata are directly applied to contemporary events, while textual problems or literary questions are not explicitly addressed.
Journal Article
Jubilees 46:6‐47:1 and 4QVisions of Amram
The present paper explores the ways in which the authors of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees and the Aramaic Visions of Amram used the motif of a Canaanite-Egyptian war as they labored with the issues raised by the accounts at the end of Genesis and the beginning of Exodus. There is no clear indication that either writer used the work of the other; rather the war in question seems to have been a motif that was available to both when they composed their works and that each adopted and adapted independently.
Journal Article
Weighing the Parts A Papyrological Perspective on the Parting of the Ways
A comparison of the ideological composition of the Qumran library and Christian libraries from ancient Egypt, reconstructed from pre-Constantinian papyri, reveals a profound difference in the amount of group-specific material: ca. 28% Qumran \"sectarian\" at Qumran vs. ca. 60% \"Christian\" books in ancient Egyptian Christian libraries. Even for the second century, where we have much less data, the divide is quite great. If we take Qumran as example for a Jewish sectarian library, still focused largely on the Hebrew Bible and writings shared with other Jews, Christian libraries portray an independent group-specific identity, quite early on.
Journal Article
SINAI 'REVISITED' AGAIN: FURTHER REFLECTIONS ON THE APPROPRIATION OF EXODUS 19-NUMBERS 10 IN 1QS
Little attention has been given to the use of the biblical Sinai pericope (Exod 19-Num 10) in 1QS to create the Qumran group's self-identity. This article studies how 1QS uses the Sinai pericope's presentations of divine presence and atonement to distinguish the Qumranite movement from the Judaisms around it. The group's covenant and cult, improved with respect to the corresponding Sinaitic categories, identified them as the true Israel while they awaited God's final coming. On a prêté peu d'attention à l'usage de la péricope du Sinaï (Ex 19 à Nb 10) que fait 1QS, pour fonder l'identité du groupe de Qumrân. L'article étudie comment 1QS utilise, dans la péricope du Sinaï, les représentations de la présence divine et de l'expiation pour distinguer le mouvement qumrânien des formes du judaïsme à l'alentour. L'alliance et le culte du groupe, approfondis par rapport aux catégories sinaïtiques correspondantes, l'identifiaient comme étant le vrai Israël, tandis qu'ils sont dans l'attente du retour ultime de Dieu.
Journal Article
4,000-Year-Old Egyptian Scroll Rediscovered
\"An Egyptian manuscript more than 4,000 years old has resurfaced, after being locked up at Cairo's Egyptian Museum in the 1930s.\" (Social Studies for Kids) Read more about the discovery of this manuscript.
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