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Europe, small navies and maritime security : balancing traditional roles and emergent threats in the 21st century
This book seeks to identify and address gaps in our understanding of maritime security and the role of small navies in Europe. The majority of Europe's navies are small, yet they are often called upon to address a complex array of traditional and non-traditional threats. This volume examines the role of small navies within the European security architecture, by discussing areas of commonality and difference between navies, and arguing that it is not possible to fully understand either maritime strategy or European security without taking into account the actions of small navies. It contains a number of case studies that provide an opportunity to explore how different European states view the current security environment and how naval policy has undergone significant changes within the lifetime of the existing naval assets. In addition, the book examines how maritime security and naval development in Europe might evolve, given that economic forecasts will likely limit the potential procurement of larger' naval assets in the future, which means that European states will increasingly have to do more with less in the maritime domain. This book will be of much interest to students of maritime strategy, naval power, strategic studies, European politics andinternational relationsin general.
Book
A Short Assessment of Renewable Energy for Optimal Sizing of 100% Renewable Energy Based Microgrids in Remote Islands of Developing Countries: A Case Study in Bangladesh
This study explores Bangladesh’s present energy condition, renewable energy (RE) possibilities and designs an optimal 100% RE-based off-grid power system for St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh. The optimal size of a hybrid renewable microgrid based on photovoltaic (PV) cells, a battery energy storage system (BESS), fuel cells (FC), and an electrolysis plant (EP) is proposed. Advanced direct load control (ADLC) and rooftop PV meet the energy demand at the lowest cost, and profits are maximized by selling chemical products produced by seawater electrolysis. Four cases are explored with the mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization technique using MATLAB® software to demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested power system. The system cost in case 1 is lower than in the other cases, but there is no chance of profiting. Cases 2, 3, and 4 have greater installation costs, which may be repaid in 8.17, 7.72, and 8.01 years, respectively, by the profits. Though the revenue in case 3 is 6.23% higher than in case 2 and and 3.85% higher than in case 4, case 4 is considered the most reliable power system, as it can meet the energy demand at the lowest cost while increasing profits and not putting a burden on customers.
Journal Article
The New Battle for Atlantic
In this book, Magnus Nordenman explores the emerging competition between the United States and its NATO allies and the resurgent Russian navy in the North Atlantic.
eBook
The South China Sea : the struggle for power in Asia
China's rise has upset the global balance of power, and the first palce to feel the strain is Beijing's backyard: the South China Sea. This book makes sense of the South Sea disputes. It examines the high stakes involved for rival nations that include Vietnam, India, Taiwan, Philippines, China, the US, Russia, and others.
Book
International Maritime Security Law
International Maritime Security Law, by James Kraska and Raul Pedrozo, defines an emerging interdisciplinary field of law and policy comprised of norms, legal regimes, and rules to address today's hybrid threats to the global order of the oceans.
eBook
Crashback : the power clash between the U.S. and China in the Pacific
\"Out in the Pacific Ocean, there is a war taking place. It is a 'warm war,' a shoving match between the United States, since WWII the uncontested ruler of the seas, and China, which now possesses the world's largest navy. The Chinese regard the Pacific, and especially the South China Sea, as their ocean, and they're ready to defend it. Each day the heat between the two countries increases as the Chinese try to claim the South China Sea for their own, and the United States insists on asserting freedom of navigation. Throughout Southern Asia, countries such as Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea respond with outrage and growing fear as China turns coral reefs into manmade islands capable of supporting airstrips and then attempts to enforce twelve-mile-radius, shoot-down zones. The immediate danger is that the five trillion dollars in international trade that passes through the area will grind to a standstill. The ultimate danger is that the US and China will be drawn into all-out war.\" -- Amazon.com.
Book
Global Daily High-Resolution Satellite-Based Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Dataset: Development and Validation against Two Definitions of Foundation SST
This paper describes a global, daily sea surface temperature (SST) analysis based on satellite microwave and infrared measurements. The SST analysis includes a diurnal correction method to estimate foundation SST (SST free from diurnal variability) using satellite sea surface wind and solar radiation data, frequency splitting to reproduce intra-seasonal variability and a quality control procedure repeated twice to avoid operation errors. An optimal interpolation method designed for foundation SST is applied to blend the microwave and infrared satellite measurements. Although in situ SST measurements are not used for bias correction adjustments in the analysis, the output product, with a spatial grid size of 0.1°, has an accuracy of 0.48 ∘ C and 0.46 ∘ C compared to the in situ foundation SST measurements derived by drifting buoys and Argo floats, respectively. The same quality against the two types of in situ foundation SST (drifters and Argo) suggests that the two definitions of foundation SST proposed by past studies can provide same-quality information about the sea surface state underlying the diurnal thermocline.
Journal Article
War at sea: Nineteenth-century laws for twenty-first century wars?
While most law on the conduct of hostilities has been heavily scrutinized in recent years, the law dealing with armed conflict at sea has been largely ignored. This is not surprising. There have been few naval conflicts since 1945, and those that have occurred have been limited in scale; none has involved combat between major maritime powers. Nevertheless, navies have tripled in number since then, and today there are growing tensions between significant naval powers. There is a risk of conflict at sea. Conditions have changed since 1945, but the law has not developed in that time. Elements of it, especially that regulating economic warfare at sea, seem outdated and it is not clear that the law is well placed to regulate so-called “hybrid” warfare at sea. It seems timely to review the law, to confirm that which is appropriate and to develop that which is not. Perhaps a new edition of the San Remo Manual would be timely.
Journal Article
Indonesia’s new maritime focus
Indonesia occupies a key geo-strategic position. It straddles th e confluence of two important regions — the Indian and the South-west Pacific. Important sea lanes run through or near its territory, including in particular the Strait of Malacca. Indonesia’s position and aspirations are encouraging a maritime approach to security, one that differs from its previous inward-looking security focus. It has released a new maritime doctrine and begun steps to modernise and increase the Indonesian Navy. A ‘green-water’ blueprint envisages a 274-ship navy by 2024. This is Indonesia’s largest naval modernisation plan in more than 40 years and it will substantially increase the country’s profile in the Indo-Pacific region.
Journal Article