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"Seasons Juvenile literature."
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Long‐term translocation explains population genetic structure of a recreationally fished iconic species in Japan: Combining current knowledge with reanalysis
Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) is an important freshwater fisheries resource and popular recreational fishing species in Japan that lives for only 1 year, with a single breeding season. To supplement increased recreational fishing demand for this species, more than 13 million wild‐born landlocked juveniles are translocated every year from Lake Biwa into Japanese rivers, and more than 52 million hatchery‐reared juveniles born from captive‐reared parents have been extensively released. The translocation of landlocked juveniles and hatchery release has continued for more than 100 and 30 generations, respectively. Previous studies have reported that landlocked and amphidromous forms of Ayu easily hybridise, leading to concerns that the fitness of hybrid progeny would be reduced in the wild. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive success of landlocked Ayu in translocated rivers, and to date no studies have evaluated the effects of translocation on population structure. Demonstrating that hybridisation occurs between the two forms is central to future management and conservation of this species. To address this, a literature search to summarise biological knowledge of Ayu and population genetic data screening was undertaken, and published genetic data sets covering a distribution range in Japan were reanalysed. Analyses provide strong evidence for very high gene flow between sampling locations. Genetic diversity is homogeneous in amphidromous samples. Bayesian admixture analysis infers widespread hybridisation in Japanese rivers (24 ± 8%). Maximum likelihood admixture graphs detect two migration events from Lake Biwa to rivers in the northern Sea of Japan and Hokkaido. Analyses consistently indicate that hybridisation between translocated landlocked juveniles and native amphidromous Ayu occurs throughout Japanese rivers. These results are discussed in relation to the management of this species.
Huge numbers of wild‐born landlocked juveniles of a recreationally fished iconic species have been translocated from Lake Biwa into most Japanese amphidromous populations for more than 100 generations. Bayesian admixture analysis infers widespread introgression in Japanese rivers, with a mean introgression proportion of 24%, and TreemMix analysis detects two migration events from Lake Biwa to anadromous populations. Analyses of genetic population structure consistently indicate that hybridisation between translocated landlocked juveniles and native amphidromous Ayu occurs throughout Japanese rivers.
Journal Article
The four seasons
\"Read about the things that change outdoors with the season, including the hours of sunlight and the temperature\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
I know the seasons
Winter, spring, summer, and fall-- each season has its unique identifying features as well as its exciting activities. Readers will become well acquainted with these as they learn about the four seasons.
Book
Summer
\"This search-and-find book invites early readers to look for new vocabulary words and pictures while giving simple facts about animals and weather in the summer season\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Wacky weather and silly season jokes : laugh and learn about science
\"Learn about sun, rain, tornadoes, snow, the reason for the seasons, and more. Read jokes about all of these topics, and learn how to write your own\"--Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Every season
With simple text and bright photographs presents a portrait of nature through the seasons of the year.
Braille
The squirrels' busy year
\"It's winter. It's cold! The squirrels are digging up acorns to eat. But what will they eat in the spring, when the acorns are gone? This ... picture book [provides an] introduction to the seasons and how the weather changes throughout the year\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Hail to spring!
\"Introduces hail through fun, poetic text and colorful illustrations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book