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Human security and the UN : a critical history
How did the individual human being become the focus of the contemporary
discourse on security? What was the role of the United Nations in
securing the individual? What are the payoffs and costs of this
extension of the concept? Neil MacFarlane and Yuen Foong Khong tackle these
questions by analyzing historical and contemporary debates about what is to be
secured. From Westphalia through the 19th century, the state's claim to be the
object of security was sustainable because it offered its subjects some measure of
protection. The state's ability to provide security for its citizens came under
heavy strain in the 20th century as a result of technological, strategic, and
ideological innovations. By the end of World War II, efforts to reclaim the security
rights of individuals gathered pace, as seen in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights and a host of United Nations covenants and conventions. MacFarlane and Khong
highlight the UN's work in promoting human security ideas since the 1940s, giving
special emphasis to its role in extending the notion of security to include
development, economic, environmental, and other issues in the 1990s.
eBook
Legitimacy, Peace Operations and Global-Regional Security
At the turn of the century the regional-global security partnership became a key element of peace and security policy-making. This book investigates the impact of the joint effort made by the African Union (AU) and the United Nations (UN) to keep the peace and protect civilians in Darfur.
This book focuses on the collaboration that takes place in the field of conflict management between the global centre and the African regional level. It moves beyond the dominant framework on regional-global security partnerships, which mainly considers one-sided legal and political factors. Instead, new perspectives on the relationships are presented through the lens of international legitimacy. The book argues that the AU and the UN Security Council fight for legitimacy to ensure their positions of authority and to improve the chances of success of their activities. It demonstrates in regard to the case of Darfur why and how legitimacy matters for states, international organisations, and also for global actors and local populations.
Legitimacy, Peace Operations and Global-Regional Security will be of interest to students and scholars of International Relations, African Security and Global Governance.
eBook
Constructing global public goods
Why do international actors provide global public goods when they could free-ride on the production of others? 'Constructing Global Public Goods' examines this question by understanding the identities and preferences of the actors. Most rational choice models of public goods explain the public goods decision by examining the strategic interactions among the actors. They generally avoid the question of how utilities and preferences are formed. 'Constructing Global Public Goods' brings a constructivist approach to the study of public goods by recognizing that the actors' utilities and preferences are socially constructed from the identities the actors take on in the choice situation. The book develops a formal model that links the interpretation of unobserved utilities to preferences for the public goods outcome. It then applies the model to case studies on global monetary management, collective security, and protecting human rights. Bringing constructivism into the public goods decision allows the analysis to look beyond the limited Prisoner's Dilemma based model of most rational choice approaches and recognizes that the decision whether or not to produce a global public good is a complex web of social, political and cultural factors.
Book
Security integration in Europe
At a time when many observers question the EU's ability to achieve integration of any significance, and indeed Europeans themselves appear disillusioned, Mai'a K. Davis Cross argues that the EU has made remarkable advances in security integration, in both its external and internal dimensions. Moreover, internal security integration-such as dealing with terrorism, immigration, cross-border crime, and drug and human trafficking-has made even greater progress with dismantling certain barriers that previously stood at the core of traditional state sovereignty.
Such unprecedented collaboration has become possible thanks to knowledge-based transnational networks, or \"epistemic communities,\" of ambassadors, military generals, scientists, and other experts who supersede national governments in the diplomacy of security decision making and are making headway at remarkable speed by virtue of their shared expertise, common culture, professional norms, and frequent meetings. Cross brings together nearly 80 personal interviews and a host of recent government documents over the course of five separate case studies to provide a microsociological account of how governance really works in today's EU and what future role it is likely to play in the international environment.
\"This is an ambitious work which deals not only with European security and defense but also has much to say about the policy-making process of the EU in general.\"-Ezra Suleiman, Princeton University
eBook
Divided environments : a political ecology of climate change, water and security
\"That anthropogenic climate change is one of the foremost twenty-first century global security challenges is a view now firmly, if rather superficially, ensconced within Western liberal public and policy discourse. National security strategies have depicted it as 'an urgent and growing threat' and possibly 'the greatest challenge' there is to global stability, potentially presaging a 'breakdown of the rules-based international system' and a 're-emergence of major inter-state conflict.' Foreign ministers have labelled it 'perhaps the twenty-first century's biggest foreign policy challenge,' and 'the world's most fearsome weapon of mass destruction,' and claimed that 'the threat that a changing climate presents to ... international peace and security cannot be underestimated.' Climate change ministers have argued that 'we need to be ready for a world where climate instability drives political instability,' and that a 'world where climate change goes unchallenged will be a Hobbesian world, where life for far more people is \"nasty, brutish, and short\".' The United States (US) Congress and Pentagon have both described climate change as a threat to US national security. Successive United Nations (UN) Secretary Generals have called climate change 'the defining threat of our time' and 'the pre-eminent geopolitical and economic issue of the twenty-first century'. Activist movements from Extinction Rebellion (XR) to Greenpeace have characterised it as 'an unprecedented global emergency' that puts us 'in a life or death situation of our own making', and as 'the world's biggest threat ... ranked close to weapons of mass destruction in terms of potential impact' (indeed, one of the co-founders of XR has claimed that climate change is already 'turning whole regions of the world into death zones' and that a climate change-induced 'global holocaust ... is already underway'). And figures from Barack Obama to Russell Brand, among many others, have suggested that climate change is a bigger threat than terrorism\"-- Provided by publisher.
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Disarmament Diplomacy and Human Security
This book assesses how progress in disarmament diplomacy in the last decade has improved human security.
In doing so, the book looks at three cases of the development of international norms in this arena. First, it traces how new international normative understandings have shaped the evolution of and support for an Arms Trade Treaty (the supply side of the arms trade); and, second, it examines the small arms international regime and examines a multilateral initiative that aims to address the demand side (by the Geneva Declaration); and, third, it examines the evolution of two processes to ban and regulate cluster munitions.
The formation of international norms in these areas is a remarkable development, as it means that a domain that was previously thought to be the exclusive purview of states, i.e. how they procure and manage arms, has been penetrated by multiple influences from worldwide civil society. As a result, norms and treaties are being established to address the domain of arms, and states will have more multilateral restriction over their arms and less sovereignty in this domain.
This book will be of much interest to students of the arms trade, international security, international law, human security and IR in general.
Denise Garcia is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University, Boston. She is author of Small Arms and Security (Routledge 2006).
Denise Garcia is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at Northeastern University, Boston. She is author of Small Arms and Security (Routledge 2006).
Introduction 1. Norms: Progress and Evolution in the Conduct of International Affairs 2. The Arms Trade Treaty 3. Small Arms and Light Weapons Regimes and the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence 4. Banning Cluster Munitions. Conclusion
eBook
Major Law and Policy Issues in the South China Sea
Major law and policy issues in the South China Sea are discussed mainly from the perspectives of leading American and European scholars in the study of the complex South China Sea disputes. The issues include regional maritime cooperation and regime building, Southeast Asian countries' responses to the Chinese assertiveness, China's historic claims, maritime boundary delimitation and excessive maritime claims, military activities and the law of the sea, freedom of navigation and its impact on the problem, the dispute between Vietnam and China, confidence-building measures and U.S.-Taiwan-China relations in the South China Sea, and Taiwan's role in the resolution to the South China Sea issues. Over the past three years, there have been several incidents in the South China Sea between the claimants, and also between the claimants and non-claimants over fisheries, collection of seismic data, exploration for oil and gas resources, and exercise of freedom of navigation. Third party concerns and involvement in the South China Sea disputes have been increasing as manifested in actions taken by the United States, India, and Japan. It is therefore important to examine South China Sea disputes from the legal and political perspective and from the view point of American and European experts who have been studying South China Sea issues for many years.
eBook