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"Sediment transport"
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Hydrodynamics and water quality : modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries
The primary reference for the modeling of hydrodynamics and water quality in rivers, lake, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands
This comprehensive text perfectly illustrates the principles, basic processes, mathematical descriptions, case studies, and practical applications associated with surface waters. It focuses on solving practical problems in rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands. Most of the theories and technical approaches presented within have been implemented in mathematical models and applied to solve practical problems. Throughout the book, case studies are presented to demonstrate how the basic theories and technical approaches are implemented into models, and how these models are applied to solve practical environmental/water resources problems.
This new edition of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries has been updated with more than 40% new information. It features several new chapters, including one devoted to shallow water processes in wetlands as well as another focused on extreme value theory and environmental risk analysis. It is also supplemented with a new website that provides files needed for sample applications, such as source codes, executable codes, input files, output files, model manuals, reports, technical notes, and utility programs. This new edition of the book:
* Includes more than 120 new/updated figures and 450 references
* Covers state-of-the-art hydrodynamics, sediment transport, toxics fate and transport, and water quality in surface waters
* Provides essential and updated information on mathematical models
* Focuses on how to solve practical problems in surface waters—presenting basic theories and technical approaches so that mathematical models can be understood and applied to simulate processes in surface waters
Hailed as \"a great addition to any university library\" by the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (July 2009), Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, Second Edition is an essential reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and water resource managers worldwide.
eBook
Sediment Budget and Net Sediment Transport on a Coast Dominated by Waves and Offshore Currents: A Case Study on the Ishikawa Coast and Its Surrounding Areas in Japan
This study discusses the coastal sediment budget for the Ishikawa coast using 12 years of observational datasets; it involves an understanding the local and regional sediment dynamics, the intensity of the transport processes in the region, and sediment supply from a local river. Although alongshore sediment transport and sediment budgets have been analyzed in previous studies, only a few conducted cross-shore sediment transport evaluations. The concentration of suspended sediments will be determined in this study, taking into account the influence of waves that are associated with the coastal current. The cross-shore sediment transport using sediment budget analysis indicated that the net alongshore sediment transport directions in the surf and offshore zones are opposite on the Ishikawa coast. The increase in the sediment budget of the surf zone can be attributed to the river sediment supply and longshore sediment transport inflow. Because of the significant outflow components of longshore and cross-shore sediment transports, the offshore zone budget showed a decreasing trend. A detailed sensitivity study was performed by varying the input parameters, in order to determine the possible ranges of net transport rates and sediment transport to the adjacent coasts. The results demonstrated the possibility of a clockwise residual sediment circulation. Our method can be used to analyze the alongshore sediment transport for other coasts and supplement future studies on coastal sedimentology and sediment budgets.
Journal Article
Estuarine and coastal hydrography and sediment transport
\"A practical guide to the latest remote and in situ techniques used to measure sediments, quantify seabed characteristics, and understand physical properties of water and sediments and transport mechanisms in estuaries and coastal waters. Covering a broad range of topics from global reference frames and bathymetric surveying methods to the use of remote sensing for determining surface-water variables, enough background is included to explain how each technology functions. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are explained, and a review of recent fieldwork experiments demonstrates how modern methods apply in real-life estuarine and coastal campaigns. Clear explanations of physical processes show links between different disciplines, making the book ideal for students and researchers in the environmental sciences, marine biology, chemistry and geology, whose work relies on an understanding of the physical environment and the way it is changing as a result of climate change, engineering and other influences\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Landscape‐Scale Modeling to Forecast Fluvial‐Aeolian Sediment Connectivity in River Valleys
Sedimentary landforms on Earth and other planetary bodies are built through scour, transport, and deposition of sediment. Sediment connectivity refers to the hypothesis that pathways of sediment transport do not occur in isolation, but rather are mechanistically linked. In dryland river systems, one such example of sediment connectivity is the transport of fluvially deposited sediment by wind. However, predictive tools that can forecast fluvial‐aeolian sediment connectivity at meaningful scales are rare. Here we develop a suite of models for quantifying the availability of river‐sourced sediment for aeolian transport as a function of river flow, wind regime, and land cover across 168 km of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, USA. We compare and validate these models using topographic changes observed over 10 years in a coupled river sandbar‐aeolian dunefield setting. The models provide a path forward for directly linking fluvial hydrology with the management and understanding of aeolian landscapes.
Plain Language Summary
Landscapes on Earth are built from sediment, which is deposited by a variety of processes, especially water and wind. In rivers located in dry regions, sediment is deposited by flowing water during river floods. Once this sediment dries, it is often then moved by wind across the landscape. Although we frequently observe this sediment connectivity between water and wind, we are not currently able to predict when and where windblown transport of river‐deposited sediment may occur. We used maps of sand in Grand Canyon along 168 km of the Colorado River, along with records of river flow, wind speed, and vegetation cover, to develop four models that predict how much sediment is available for wind to move. We compared the results of these models to actual windblown sediment transport at a study site in Grand Canyon, finding that when models predicted more sand was available at the site, we also observed more landscape changes there which were due to wind. Our research makes it possible to understand how changes in river flows affect the amount of sediment moved by wind.
Key Points
We developed four methods for modeling the extent of exposed, bare sand available for windblown transport in river valleys
Our models employ data on river flow, land cover, wind velocity, and vegetation to predict exposed, bare sand extent at corridor scales
Where models predict increased areal extent of bare sand, we also observe a greater volume of topographic changes driven by wind
Journal Article
Freeze‐Thaw Effects on Daily Sediment Transport in an Alpine River
Ongoing climate change and cryospheric degradation are intensifying sediment transport in cold mountain regions, leading to elevated sediment loads that adversely impact downstream areas. However, the influence of freeze‐thaw processes on daily catchment‐scale sediment transport in glaciated basins remains poorly understood. Here, we estimate the effect of freeze‐thaw processes on daily suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the Vent‐Rofental basin, Austria. Using Bayesian change‐point hierarchical regression, we assess the influence of streamflow, frozen ground extent (FGE), and diurnal freeze‐thaw cycles (FTCs) across three distinct freeze‐thaw states: thawing spring, thawed summer, and freezing autumn. While streamflow is the dominant driver of sediment transport, its effect is modulated by freeze‐thaw conditions and an interaction with temperature. FGE was found to reduce daily SSC, attributed to a reduction in the sediment contributing area. A discernible shift in suspended sediment dynamics is observed as the catchment transitions from frozen to thawed, marked by a change‐point when nearly all (97%) of the catchment is thawed. The thawed summer state exhibited the highest SSC due to elevated glacier melt. While the effect of diurnal FTCs on catchment‐scale fluvial sediment dynamics is ambiguous, a credible temperature‐adjusted effect in the thawing spring state may indicate enhanced sediment transport by amplifying snowmelt erosion. This study suggests that as glaciers retreat, snowmelt‐ and freeze‐thaw‐driven erosion, in addition to erosive rainfall, will become increasingly influential in determining sediment fluxes.
Journal Article
Sedimentary crisis at the global scale
Volume 1: \"The Earth's oceans are currently undergoing unprecedented changes: rivers have suffered a severe reduction in their sediment transport, and as a result, sediment input to the oceans has dropped lower than ever before. These inputs have varied over millennia as a result of both natural occurrences and human actions, such as the building of dams and the extraction of materials from riverbeds. Sedimentary Crisis at the Global Scale 1 examines how river basins have been affected by the sedimentary crises of various historical epochs. By studying global balances, it provides insights into the profound disruption of the solid transport of fluvial bodies. The book also explores studies of various rivers, from the Amazon, which remains relatively unaffected, to dying rivers such as the Colorado and the Nile.\" -- Back cover.
Book
Wave‐Influenced Delta Morphodynamics, Long‐Term Sediment Bypass and Trapping Controlled by Relative Magnitudes of Riverine and Wave‐Driven Sediment Transport
River sediment supply (Qs) and longshore sediment transport (LST) are recognized as two paramount controls on river delta morphodynamics and stratigraphy. We employed the Delft3D model to simulate the evolution of deltas from fluvial to wave‐dominated conditions, revealing the interplay between river‐ and wave‐driven sediment quantities. Wave‐influenced deltas may show alternating accumulation and retreat patterns driven by avulsions and wave‐induced sediment diffusion, posing coastal management challenges. Deltas with higher wave energy evolve under a fine balance between river supply and intense wave‐mediated sediment redistribution and are highly vulnerable under conditions of sediment reduction. Reducing Qs by ∼40%–70%, common in modern dammed rivers, can rapidly shift bypass from ∼0 to 1 (no bypass to complete bypass). This leads to accelerated diffusion and potential sediment loss in modern deltas. The study highlights the importance of accurately computing sediment quantities in real‐world deltas for improved management, especially under increasing anthropogenic and climatic pressures.
Plain Language Summary
Ocean waves, like proficient sculptors, shape the meeting points of rivers and seas—where deltas are created. Under the power of ocean waves, the sediments transported by rivers are organized into distinct patterns. Using an advanced computer model, our research unveils how this interplay affects the physical form of these deltas and their functioning. In certain conditions, the sediment carried by waves can jump over the river mouth and move further along the coastline, contributing to stretching the delta and inducing erosion. Currently, river sediments are getting blocked behind river dams, depriving deltas of their sediment nourishment. As sediment supply decreases, powerful waves at the sea erode deltas more easily, endangering ecosystems, human communities and infrastructure. Because deltas are facing challenges from climate change and increased human activities, informed and innovative management strategies based on better knowledge of natural processes are needed to preserve these valuable coastal regions.
Key Points
Deltas transition from avulsion‐dominated with localized depocenters to more diffuse and alongshore‐deflected wave‐dominated depocenters
Bypass increases and trapping decreases abruptly when longshore transport (LST) at the river mouth equals river sediment transport (Qs)
LST under large‐scale blocking due to mouth bar and shoreface adjustment feeds wave‐dominated updrift beach ridge plains (strandplains)
Journal Article