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"Seismic reflection method"
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Elements of rock physics and their application to inversion and AVO studies
\"This book deals with a series of topics in rock physics, including elasticity, pore pressure, incompressibility of rocks and the Gassmann equation, fluid substitution, forward modeling and empirical equations, rock physics applications to AVO studies and inversion studies, and the Differential Effective Medium (DEM) method\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Analysis of Moho Structure in Central Tibet Area Revealed by Deep Reflection Seismic Method
Revealing the Moho structure in Tibet Area has important geodynamic significance for understanding the origin of the subduction of the Middle Tethys oceanic crust and the South Qiangtang Depression. Based on deep reflection seismic data across the Bangong Lake-Nujiang River Suture Zone (BNS), the depth seismic reflection migration profile, layer velocity field and high-resolution Moho structure are obtained, by using medium-to-long wavelength static correction, noise suppression, optimized stack and pre-stack depth migration (PSDM). According to the depth domain profile, Moho in the BNS is located 65–80 km below the surface and presents a trend of discontinuous northward uplift, indicating that there are lithospheric upper mantle fault steps between the Lhasa block and the South Qiangtang Block, with a maximum step of 15 km. After analyzing the Moho morphology on both sides of the suture zone, it is believed that these fault steps are jointly driven by terranes from the north and south sides, the upper mantle of the lithosphere of the Lhasa terrane is on the south side, and the upper crust of the Qiangtang Block is on the north side. The Moho structure under the BNS indicates that with the closing of the Tethys Ocean (in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous period), the South Qiangtang terrane was transformed from marginal Marine sediments into a foreland basin and formed the South Qiangtang Depression.
Journal Article
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation
Quantitative Seismic Interpretation demonstrates how rock physics can be applied to predict reservoir parameters, such as lithologies and pore fluids, from seismically derived attributes. The authors provide an integrated methodology and practical tools for quantitative interpretation, uncertainty assessment, and characterization of subsurface reservoirs using well-log and seismic data. They illustrate the advantages of these new methodologies, while providing advice about limitations of the methods and traditional pitfalls. This book is aimed at graduate students, academics and industry professionals working in the areas of petroleum geoscience and exploration seismology. It will also interest environmental geophysicists seeking a quantitative subsurface characterization from shallow seismic data. The book includes problem sets and a case-study, for which seismic and well-log data, and Matlab codes are provided on a website (http://www.cambridge.org/9780521816014). These resources will allow readers to gain a hands-on understanding of the methodologies.
eBook
Syntactic pattern recognition for seismic oil exploration
The use of pattern recognition has become more and more important in seismic oil exploration. Interpreting a large volume of seismic data is a challenging problem. Seismic reflection data in the one-shot seismogram and stacked seismogram may contain some structural information from the response of the subsurface. Syntactic/structural pattern recognition techniques can recognize the structural seismic patterns and improve seismic interpretations.The syntactic analysis methods include: (1) the error-correcting finite-state parsing, (2) the modified error-correcting Earley's parsing, (3) the parsing using the match primitive measure, (4) the Levenshtein distance computation, (5) the likelihood ratio test, (6) the error-correcting tree automata, and (7) a hierarchical system.Syntactic seismic pattern recognition can be one of the milestones of a geophysical intelligent interpretation system. The syntactic methods in this book can be applied to other areas, such as the medical diagnosis system. The book will benefit geophysicists, computer scientists and electrical engineers.
eBook
New geological constraints on the subsurface structure of the 2022 Fano-Pesaro M.sub.w 5.5 earthquake sequence area from legacy seismic reflection images and deep well information
Studying the subsurface geology in offshore areas is a complex task, as it is impossible or very challenging directly accessing any eventual outcrops at the study site. The integration of key seismic reflection and borehole data is therefore fundamental, even if only available as legacy data on paper hard copy and/or characterized by an apparent low quality. However, such data are often the only ones available, and can still provide a high amount of detailed information for building a reliable geological model to be compared with and discussed about the seismicity distribution in active areas. In this work, legacy seismic reflection profiles calibrated with boreholes are used to propose a new geological model of the frontal part of the Northern Apennines area struck by the 2022 Fano-Pesaro M.sub.w 5.5 earthquake sequence (Adriatic Sea, Italy). The legacy seismic data were digitized and converted to SEG-Y format, and a basic post-stack filtering was applied to enhance data quality. The observed tectonic structures originate from multiple décollements located at different depths and show a strong relationship between the faulting depth and the wavelength of the anticlines. Two structures, namely the Pesaro and the Cornelia anticlines, are interpreted as being related to deep-seated thrusts, showing an en-echelon arrangement and thin-skinned deformation. A smaller wavelength structure, namely the Tamara antiform, is interpreted to be associated with shallow-seated imbricated fore-verging thrusts in the forelimb of the Pesaro anticline. We highlight the importance of constructing a well-constrained geological model by integrating legacy geological and geophysical data, aimed at studying offshore seismotectonic settings.
Journal Article
Maximum-Likelihood Deconvolution
Convolution is the most important operation that describes the behavior of a linear time-invariant dynamical system.Deconvolution is the unraveling of convolution.It is the inverse problem of generating the system's input from knowledge about the system's output and dynamics.
eBook
Wave propagation in drilling, well logging, and reservoir applications
Wave propagation is central to all areas of petroleum engineering, e.g., drilling vibrations, MWD mud pulse telemetry, swab-surge, geophysical ray tracing, ocean and current interactions, electromagnetic wave and sonic applications in the borehole, but rarely treated rigorously or described in truly scientific terms, even for a single discipline. Wilson Chin, an MIT and Caltech educated scientist who has consulted internationally, provides an integrated, comprehensive, yet readable exposition covering all of the cited topics, offering insights, algorithms and validated methods never before pu.
eBook
OpenCHIRP: A Low-Cost, Lightweight Sub-Bottom Profiler for Shallow Water Environments Suitable for Autonomous Vehicles
This paper presents the development of OpenCHIRP, an innovative sub-bottom profiler (SBP) designed for high-resolution seismic reflection surveys in shallow-water marine and lacustrine environments. The instrument employs chirped (frequency-modulated) impulses to penetrate the first few meters of unconsolidated sediments below the seafloor. Key characteristics include low cost, light weight, and low energy consumption, making it particularly suitable for deployment onboard Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs). We discuss design, functionality, and potential applications of this innovative instrument, as well as results of the preliminary tests.
Journal Article
3D High-Resolution Seismic Imaging of Elusive Seismogenic Faults: The Pantano-Ripa Rossa Fault, Southern Italy
While 3D seismic reflection is well established in hydrocarbon exploration at the kilometer scale in relatively simple offshore settings, its application to shallow faulting in continental basins is rare, owing to difficulties in adapting acquisition and processing to rugged terrains and complex near-surface conditions. We present the first high-resolution 3D seismic study of a seismogenic fault in a structurally complex intramontane basin at depths < 200 m. The survey focuses on the Pantano–Ripa Rossa Fault, ruptured during the 1980 Mw 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, the largest Italian event of the past century. This fault cuts across the Pantano di San Gregorio Magno, a small basin filled with Quaternary sediments and showing modest cumulative displacement. Our results demonstrate that in such environments, where morphotectonic analysis and 2D geophysics provide limited constraints, high-resolution 3D seismic imaging is crucial to resolve fault geometry and to assess surface-faulting hazard. The 3D volume reveals a ~35–40 m wide intra-basin deformation zone beneath the 1980 rupture, composed of synthetic and antithetic splays, and highlights lateral variations in fault geometry and stratigraphy. Deformation is distributed and complex, with fault-controlled depocenters, variable sedimentary architectures, and rapid basement-depth changes—features unresolved by 2D data. We infer that the Pantano–Ripa Rossa Fault is relatively young, active since the late Middle Pleistocene, and developed in the hanging wall of the NE-dipping southern basin-bounding fault, challenging previous models that located the master fault along the northern basin margin.
Journal Article
Seismic prediction of shale oil lithofacies associations based on sedimentary facies patterns: A case study of the shahejie formation in the Huanghekou Sag
The lithofacies play a pivotal role in studying development patterns, reservoir characteristics, and sweet spot predictions of shale oil. Lithofacies classification typically relies on core observations and conventional well logging analyses, whereas seismic attribute extraction is often employed in regions with sparse or absent wells. However, seismic attribute extraction entails considerable computation and time, and exclusive reliance on seismic attribute analysis can result in multiple interpretations. This paper emphasizes predicting shale oil lithofacies associations based on seismic reflection characteristics and sedimentary facies patterns which can can help avoid these issues. The lithofacies classification scheme has identified seven lithofacies and associations by means of core observations, testing data, and logging curve analysis of the Shahejie Formation in the Huanghekou Sag. Through well-seismic calibration, the seismic reflections and sedimentary patterns of different lithofacies associations were examined to formulate a seismic facies identification chart and propose six models. For areas without wells, based on the distribution of sedimentary facies and in combination with seismic reflection characteristics, identification and delineation are conducted on a planar scale to analyze the distribution features of lithofacies associations. The results of predicting the distribution of shale oil lithofacies associations in the Shahejie Formation indicate that the development pattern of lithofacies associations is basically consistent with that of sedimentary facies units. The primary models developed in the study area encompass delta, sublacustrine fan, and shore-shallow lake. The approach of identifying shale oil lithofacies associations based on seismic reflection and sedimentary backgrounds offers a novel means for discerning lithofacies and associations in sections devoid of cores and specialized well logging data.
Journal Article