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Examining mental health through social constructionism : the language of mental health
This book explores social constructionism and the language of mental distress. Mental health research has traditionally been dominated by genetic and biomedical explanations that provide only partial explanations. However, process research that utilises qualitative methods has grown in popularity. Situated within this new strand of research, the authors examine and critically assess some of the different contributions that social constructionism has made to the study of mental distress and to how those diagnosed are conceptualized and labeled. This will be an invaluable introduction and source of practical strategies for academics, researchers and students as well as clinical practitioners, mental health professionals, and others working with mental health such as educationalists and social workers.
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Cognitive and Motivational Challenges in Writing: Studying the Relation With Writing Performance Across Students' Gender and Achievement Level
In the past, several assessment reports on writing repeatedly showed that elementary school students do not develop the essential writing skills to be successful in school. In this respect, prior research has pointed to the fact that cognitive and motivational challenges are at the root of the rather basic level of elementary students' writing performance. Additionally, previous research has revealed gender and achievement-level differences in elementary students' writing. In view of providing effective writing instruction for all students to overcome writing difficulties, the present study provides more indepth insight into (a) how cognitive and motivational challenges mediate and correlate with students' writing performance and (b) whether and how these relations vary for boys and girls and for writers of different achievement levels. In the present study, 1,577 fifth- and sixth-grade students completed questionnaires regarding their writing self-efficacy, writing motivation, and writing strategies. In addition, half of the students completed two writing tests, respectively focusing on the informational or narrative text genre. Based on multiple group structural equation modeling (MG-SEM), we put forward two models: a MG-SEM model for boys and girls and a MG-SEM model for low, average, and high achievers. The results underline the importance of studying writing models for different groups of students in order to gain more refined insight into the complex interplay between motivational and cognitive challenges related to students' writing performance.
Journal Article
Reading-Related Causal Attributions for Success and Failure: Dynamic Links With Reading Skill
The present study investigated the relation among reading skills and attributions, naming speed, and phonological awareness across a wide range of reading skill. Participants were 1,105 school-age children and youths from two understudied populations: African Americans and Hispanic Americans. Individual assessments of children ranging in age from 8 to 15 years were conducted for reading outcomes, cognitive and linguistic predictors of reading, and attributions for success and failure in reading situations. Quantile regressions were formulated to estimate these relations across the full skill span of each outcome. Reading-related attributions predicted contextual word recognition, sight word and decoding fluency, and comprehension skills. Attributions to ability in success situations were positively related to each outcome across the full span. On three reading outcomes, this relation strengthened at higher skill levels. Attributions to effort in success situations were consistently and negatively related to all reading outcomes. The results provide evidence that the strength of the relation between reading and attributions varies according to reading skill levels, with the strongest evidence for ability-based attributions in situations of reading success.
Journal Article
The Workplace as a Context for Adult Literacy and Numeracy Learning
This department focuses on literacy leaders, including school and instructional leaders, teachers, and external partners, who are working to improve outcomes for adolescent and adult learners in a wide range of education settings. Columns investigate the challenges and complexities inherent in such work and share lessons learned, impactful strategies and approaches, and promising pathways forward.
Journal Article
Memory Quilts and Hope Chests: Adult Learners Craft Counterstories in Their Community Museum
The authors describe how a community museum created and curated by adult education students acted as an innovative and student‐centered model to support learners in developing and demonstrating their literacy skills and knowledges. Using a case study approach to document and analyze students’ counterstories (i.e., stories that disrupt dominant narratives), the authors highlight the ways in which creating and curating a community museum leveraged adult students’ expertise and opened opportunities for meaningful civic action through counterstorying. The authors aim to provide adult literacy educators with a concrete example of how an expansive understanding of literacy skills within their curriculum, including the literacies of making and design, can support students’ development of relevant content literacies and workforce competencies, including researching, multimodal composing, speaking, and collaborating.
Journal Article
Close Reading as an Intervention for Struggling Middle School Readers
Thousands and thousands of middle school students around the world participate in reading intervention programs, many that are very expensive with limited effectiveness. We wanted to know if an after‐school intervention focused on close reading procedures could improve student achievement. Close reading of complex text involves annotations, repeated reading, text‐dependent questions, and discussions. This manuscript reports on 75 students in grades 7‐8 who received the close reading intervention and compares their outcomes with 247 students who received a traditional intervention. Results suggest that close reading can be an effective intervention, with significant increases in student attendance, self‐perception, and achievement.
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Journal Article
Creating Conditions for Literate Engagement
The authors illustrate how literacy and language arts teachers work with students to help them act and engage as agents in and beyond school. The authors demonstrate how teachers design environments for learning and practice and how young people use resulting skills and motivations intentionally as a result of their experiences in those environments. With certain conditions in place, students learn to engage purposefully as leaders their communities. The authors offer examples of how teachers help students engage in literate practices, demonstrate how young people think about literacy in their lives, and celebrate how students use their learning to attain their goals beyond academic achievement. The authors conclude by noting how systematic design of engaging school spaces reflects research-based findings about literacy engagement in high school classrooms, encouraging teachers to create conditions for engagement purposefully to support all youths in all contexts for similar success.
Journal Article
\They Didn't Teach Us Well\: Mexican-Origin Students Speak Out About Their Readiness for College Literacy
This study reports on Mexican‐origin university students' perceptions of their K–12 literacy experiences and preparation for college‐level reading. Participants were first‐generation college students from Spanish‐dominant homes enrolled in a reading‐intensive course at a four‐year Hispanic‐serving institution. The study was conducted as part of an initiative to assist predominantly low‐income, Latino/Hispanic students enrolled in entry‐level reading‐intensive courses, with the goal of improving postsecondary persistence. Data consisted of individual interviews and participants' language and literacy autobiographies and were analyzed from an ecology‐of‐literacy perspective. Findings included contrasts between home and school literacy forms and practices, differences between high school and college as learning environments, linguistic discrimination experienced at school, and negative ideologies associated with Spanish as a barrier to the development of strong literacy skills in English. Suggestions are offered for improving academic literacy instruction for Mexican‐origin youths.
Journal Article
How and When Did You Learn Your Languages? Bilingual Students' Linguistic Experiences and Literacy Instruction
Educators are expected to take into account students’ linguistic experiences when designing literacy instruction. However, official school records traditionally provide limited information about students’ linguistic histories. This article presents educators with a linguistic survey that can help bridge this gap. The survey is an easy‐to‐use classroom resource through which educators can gather information about their students’ linguistic experiences. Notably, it is based on ideas about and research on bilingualism that are not traditionally discussed in mainstream literacy education. To illustrate the survey's potential for instruction, the article includes a case study of a 10th‐grade student and discusses the implications of the type of information garnered by the survey for literacy pedagogy. As a whole, this article supports educators in making more linguistically informed decisions about literacy instruction.
Journal Article
When Reading Gets Ruff: Canine-Assisted Reading Programs
Canine‐assisted reading programs show promise as an innovative method for engaging reluctant readers and motivating them to practice. In such programs, specially trained dogs visit classrooms and libraries, and children read to them. Children who struggle with reading may be motivated to read more because they find dogs to be calming and non‐judgmental. This paper outlines the research that supports the use of canine‐assisted reading programs and provides examples of successful implementation in schools and public libraries. Steps for implementing a canine‐assisted reading program are provided, along with resources for teachers or others who are interested in starting their own program.
Journal Article