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Self-Insight
People base thousands of choices across a lifetime on the views they hold of their skill and moral character, yet a growing body of research in psychology shows that such self-views are often misguided or misinformed. Anyone who has dealt with others in the classroom, in the workplace, in the medical office, or on the therapist's couch has probably experienced people whose opinions of themselves depart from the objectively possible.
This book outlines some of the common errors that people make when they evaluate themselves. It also describes the many psychological barriers - some that people build by their own hand - that prevent individuals from achieving self-insight about their ability and character.
The first section of the book focuses on mistaken views of competence, and explores why people often remain blissfully unaware of their incompetence and personality flaws. The second section focuses on faulty views of character, and explores why people tend to perceive they are more unique and special than they really are, why people tend to possess inflated opinions of their moral fiber that are not matched by their deeds, and why people fail to anticipate the impact that emotions have on their choices and actions.
The book will be of great interest to students and researchers in social, personality, and cognitive psychology, but, through the accessibility of its writing style, it will also appeal to those outside of academic psychology with an interest in the psychological processes that lead to our self-insight.
eBook
Mobile App for Improved Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Multicenter Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
As the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has put pressure on health systems to appropriately manage these patients, there have been a growing number of mobile apps designed to improve the self-management of diabetes. One such app, BlueStar, has been shown to significantly reduce hemoglobin A
(HbA
) levels in small studies and is the first app in the United States to receive Food and Drug Administration approval as a mobile prescription therapy. However, the impact of the app across real-world population among different clinical sites and health systems remains unclear.
The primary objective of this study was to conduct a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the BlueStar mobile app to determine if app usage leads to improved HbA
levels among diverse participants in real-life clinical contexts. We hypothesized that this mobile app would improve self-management and HbA
levels compared with controls.
The study consisted of a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial. Overall, 110 participants randomized to the immediate treatment group (ITG) received the intervention for 6 months, and 113 participants randomized to the wait-list control (WLC) group received usual care for the first 3 months and then received the intervention for 3 months. The primary outcome was glucose control measured by HbA
levels at 3 months. Secondary outcomes assessed intervention impact on patient self-management, experience of care, and self-reported health utilization using validated scales, including the Problem Areas in Diabetes, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and the EuroQol-5D. Intervention usage data were collected directly from the app.
The results of an analysis of covariance controlling for baseline HbA
levels did not show evidence of intervention impact on HbA
levels at 3 months (mean difference [ITG-WLC] -0.42, 95% CI -1.05 to 0.21; P=.19). Similarly, there was no intervention effect on secondary outcomes measuring diabetes self-efficacy, quality of life, and health care utilization behaviors. An exploratory analysis of 57 ITG participants investigating the impact of app usage on HbA
levels showed that each additional day of app use corresponded with a 0.016-point decrease in participants' 3-month HbA
levels (95% CI -0.03 to -0.003). App usage varied significantly by site, as participants from 1 site logged in to the app a median of 36 days over 14 weeks (interquartile range [IQR] 10.5-124); those at another site used the app significantly less (median 9; IQR 6-51).
The results showed no difference between intervention and control arms for the primary clinical outcome of glycemic control measured by HbA
levels. Although there was low usage of the app among participants, results indicate contextual factors, particularly site, had a significant impact on overall usage. Future research into the patient and site-specific factors that increase app utilization are needed.
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02813343; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02813343 (Archived by WebCite at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02813343).
Journal Article
Exploring the dynamics of self-efficacy, resilience, and self-management on quality of life in type 2 diabetes patients: A moderated mediation approach from a positive psychology perspective
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly deteriorates patients' quality of life (QOL). This study examined the dynamic interplay of factors that influence QOL in patients with T2DM, utilizing concepts from positive psychology and intrinsic mechanisms, to lay the groundwork for improving patient outcomes. Improving self-management behaviors is essential for effective disease management.
Using a cross-sectional design, this study incorporated 408 patients with T2DM from the endocrinology department of a public hospital in Urumqi, who were selected through convenience sampling from December 29, 2023 to June 30, 2024. Data collection tools included the General Data Questionnaire, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale. Structural equation modeling and Model 15 of Hayes' SPSS-Process program facilitated the moderated mediation analysis.
The findings demonstrated that self-efficacy significantly enhanced the QOL (β = -0.8557, p < 0.01), with resilience serving as a partial mediator, accounting for 43.1% of this effect. Interactions between self-efficacy and self-management, and resilience and self-management, were also significant predictors of QOL (β = -0.0751, p < 0.01 and β = -0.0073, p < 0.05, respectively).
These findings introduce a novel theoretical framework for T2DM from the perspective of positive psychology, which will be beneficial for intervention development. This study underscores the importance of promoting diabetes self-management as an effective strategy to enhance QOL. Additionally, healthcare providers must focus on fostering patients' positive psychological traits and reliable self-management behaviors.
Journal Article
The tools : 5 tools to help you find courage, creativity, and willpower-- and inspire you to live life in forward motion
Presents a new outlook on therapy that utilizes a new set of \"tools\" that allow patients to use their problems as levers to access the power of the unconscious, allowing for personal growth much faster than traditional therapy.
Book
The role of emotion dysregulation in self-management behaviors among adults with type 2 diabetes
Suboptimal disease self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes is associated with greater risk of diabetes related health complications and mortality. Emotional distress has been linked with poor diabetes self-management; however, few studies have examined the role of emotion dysregulation in diabetes management. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between different facets of emotion dysregulation and diabetes self-management behaviors among a sample of 373 adults with type 2 diabetes. Separate median regression and binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association of emotion dysregulation facets and each diabetes self-care behavior (i.e., medication nonadherence, diet, exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), foot care, and smoking). Generally, greater difficulties in emotion regulation were associated with poorer self-management behaviors. However, several facets of emotion dysregulation were linked with better self-management behaviors. Addressing emotion dysregulation among adults with type 2 diabetes has the potential to improve diabetes related self-management.
Journal Article
Find your flow : the simple and life-changing practice for a happier you
\"Discover your ideal state of happiness with the powerful yet simple practices set forth in Find Your Flow\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Beyond Compliance: The Role of Self‐Efficacy in Foot Care and Self‐Management Among Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Background: Effective self‐management behaviors are crucial for diabetes management. This study examines the mediating role of self‐efficacy in the relationship between compliance dimensions and self‐management activities in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Methods: The current study explores a baseline analysis from a randomized controlled trial but the intervention’s effectiveness is not reported here; the analysis focuses on elucidating potential mediating factors at baseline. The study investigated the relationships between seven compliance dimensions (treatment effort, intention, adaptability, integration, adherence, commitment, and indecisiveness) and six self‐management activities (diet, exercise, smoking cessation, blood sugar monitoring, and foot care) through the potential mechanism of self‐efficacy. Results: The analysis revealed an indirect association between three compliance dimensions (treatment effort, intention, and commitment) and foot care behavior, mediated by self‐efficacy. Additionally, self‐efficacy was identified as an indirect mechanism influencing the association between commitment and adaptability with dietary behaviors. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of self‐efficacy in promoting self‐management behaviors in chronic conditions. By targeting specific compliance dimensions that influence self‐efficacy, healthcare professionals can potentially improve patient self‐management. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number: IRCT20221029056335N1
Journal Article