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An accountability account
Accountability is a fundamental element of all societies and the organizations that operate within them. This paper focuses on the individual-level accountability concept of felt accountability (also referred to in the literature as simply accountability), which can be described as the perceptions of one’s personal accountability. We describe key theories that have formed the theoretical groundwork for the body of felt accountability literature, and discuss the empirical research published since the last major review of the accountability literature in the late 1990s. Empirical research has revealed that accountability has both constructive and deleterious consequences. Moreover, research examining accountability and key outcomes has produced mixed results, suggesting that consideration of moderators and nonlinear relationships are important when examining accountability. Although accountability is an important construct, there are many issues that have yet to be investigated by scholars. We identify limitations and gaps in the current body of the empirical research and conclude the paper with suggestions for scholars striving to make contributions to this line of research.
Journal Article
Senescence as a manifestation of Mirror Autoprosopometamorphopsia
IntroductionObligate autoscopic mirror hallucinations of senescence have not heretofore been described.ObjectivesTo reveal that perception of looking older in the mirror may be the manifestation of Mirror Autoprosopometamorphopsia.MethodsA 37 year old right handed female, with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype She described that when she would gaze at herself in the mirror, she would not see her current face, but rather the visage of an “old person”. This would recur whenever she would directly look at herself in the mirror, and would avoid glancing at any mirrors because she was fearful of looking at her transform senescent countenance. She realised it was not another person but rather herself in the future, having become her geriartric self.ResultsAbnormalities in Physical Examination: Mental Status Examination: Hyperverbal, grandiose with expansive affect, poor insight and judgment. Recalls 3 out of 4 objects in 3 minutes and all 4 with reinforcement. Proverb testing: correct abstraction. Neuropsychiatric Testing: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9:7 (mild depression). Other: Magnetic Resonance Imaging/ Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Brain with Infusion: Normal.ConclusionsAutoscopic mirror hallucinations appearing only when embedded in a mirror are obligate autoscopic mirror hallucinations and suggest occipital and parietal lobe dysfunction (Virk, 2018). The inability to recognize the perception of another image or another person replacing the individual looking in the mirror, while defined as a mirror sign, may also be viewed as “a capgras syndrome for the mirror image” (Feinberg, 2005). Distortion of one’s own face only when viewed in a mirror is autoprosopometamorphopsia. With such distortion, this may be a misidentification of one’s own image. This phenomenon is classified as a form of delusional misidentification syndrome with inability to recognise one’s image in the mirror (Postal, 2005). Autoprosopometamorphopsia, obligate to mirror reflection, but metamorphosized to enhance perceived senescence, has not been specifically localized. Possibly a single lesion in the non dominant inferior parietal lobe may have caused this phenomenon. Somatoparaphrenia with somatosensory illusions involving body image are seen with parietal lobe dysfunction (Nightingale, 1982). In the general population, an individual’s focus on a mild facial imperfection often is associated with a negative view of their image. Exaggeration of this to involve the entire face, with projection of imperfection of aging, may be a somatic manifestation of such negative self image. It is possible that such senescent autoprospometamorphopsia may be prevalent, to a lesser degree, in the general population and may be a nidus for younger people seeking cosmetic and plastic surgical intervention of the face.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Journal Article
Clay work and body image in art therapy : using metaphor and symbolism to heal
\"Clay Work and Body Image in Art Therapy provides an important addition to resources available in the field of clay work and art therapy, highlighting the unique sensory aspects of the medium and its ability to provide a therapeutic resource for women who experience body image issues. Chapters offer a comprehensive distillation of current knowledge in the field of body image, clay work, neuroscience, and art therapy, building a theoretical framework around personal narratives. Case studies examine the benefits of exploring body image through clay work within art therapy practice, providing a positive and contained way to find personal acceptance and featuring photographs of clay body image sculptures created by research participants that highlight their individual stories and experiences. As well as offering both clinical and practical implications, the text provides a full protocol for the research and evaluation methods carried out, enabling further replication of the intervention and research methods by other therapists. This book highlights clay work as a significant resource for art therapists, arts in health practitioners, and counsellors, providing an emotive yet contained approach to the development of personal body image acceptance and self-compassion\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Customers’ self-image congruity and brand preference: a moderated mediation model of self-brand connection and self-motivation
Purpose
This study aims to examine the moderated mediation model among self-image congruity, self-brand connection, self-motivation and brand preference and validate that actual and ideal self-image congruity are two distinct constructs. As shown in the conceptual model, actual and ideal self-image congruity toward a brand have direct and indirect positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection, whereas self-motivation moderates the effect of self-image congruity on self-brand connection.
Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was done through mall intercepts in six shopping malls in Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Huizhou in southern China. In total, 461 usable questionnaires were collected with 500 distributed copies. Confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus (v.7) was done to assess the measurement validity for each construct. PROCESS analysis for SPSS (v.19.0.0) was used for hypothesis testing.
Findings
Both actual and ideal self-image congruities present significant positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection. The relationship between self-image congruity and the self-brand connection is also moderated by self-motivation.
Originality/value
This study fills an existing literature gap by distinguishing self-image and ideal self-image congruity as distinct constructs. Self-brand connection is posited as a new way to understand the mechanism of the self-image congruity effect on brand preference. Samples from several shopping malls in southern China are used to justify the important moderating role of self-motivation in consumers’ brand preferences.
Journal Article
The body image workbook for teens : activities to help girls develop a healthy body image in an image-obsessed world
In The Body Image Workbook for Teens, you'll find practical exercises and tips that address the most common factors that can lead to negative body image, including: comparison, negative self-talk, unrealistic media images, societal and family pressures, perfectionism, toxic friendships, and a fear of disappointing others. You'll also learn powerful coping strategies to deal with the daily, intense pressures of being a teenage girl.
BOOK
Recognizing the importance of self-image in adult spinal deformity: results from the Prospective Evaluation of Elderly Deformity Surgery (PEEDS)
Background: The importance of self-image has been well studied in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis population, but it has been considered less important in adult spinal deformity (ASD). More recently, evidence suggests that self-image is an important consideration in ASD and that radiographic parameters such as Cobb angle, sagittal vertical alignment (SVA) and lumbopelvic alignment correlate to self-image scores. The goal of this study is to analyze the importance of self-image in ASD surgery and whether certain radiographic parameters influence outcome. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicentre, multicontinental, observational longitudinal cohort study of patients 60 years of age and older undergoing primary spinal fusion surgery of at least 5 levels for coronal, sagittal or combined deformity. Data from the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire-22 revised (SRS-22r) were collected prospectively at 10 weeks, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Three-foot anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 10 weeks and 2 years postoperatively. Results: A total of 219 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 214 completing SRS-22r preoperatively and 179 patients completing 2-year follow-up. Self-image had the lowest mean baseline SRS22r score of 2.32 (standard deviation [SD] 0.8), which improved to 3.47 (SD 0.9) at 10 weeks, 3.66 (SD 0.7) at 1 year and 3.61 (SD 0.8) at 2 years. Preoperatively, 69.6% of patients felt very unhappy with their current back shape. Conversely, at 2 years, 59.3% of patients were either somewhat or very happy with the shape of their back. By Schwab type, 73 (40.1%) were N, 81 (44.5%) L and 28 (15.4%) D. The self-image scores of all groups improved from baseline to 24 months: N, 2.15 (SD 0.68) to 3.53 (SD 0.78); L, 2.32 (SD 0.81) to 3.62 (SD0.84); D, 2.28 (SD 0.74) to 3.89 (SD 0.70). Radiographic changes from baseline to 2 years were as follows: thoracolumbar Cobb 24.9° (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7° to 102.5°) to 10.7° (95% CI 0.1° to 59.7°), SVA 81.8 (95% CI -76.3 to 327.2) to 37.3 (95% CI -108.1 to 334.1) mm, pelvic tilt 28.7° (95% CI 8.0° to 56.6°) to 21.1° (95% CI -0.2° to 51.5°). Univariate and multivariate linear mixed effect models identified SVA as the strongest radiographic predictor of self-image. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates the importance of self-image in ASD surgery and SVA as the strongest radiographic predictor of outcome.
Journal Article