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This systematic review examines the effectiveness of videos in modifying health behaviors. We searched PubMed (1975–2012), PsycINFO (1975–2012), EMBASE (1975–2012), and CINAHL (1983–2012) for controlled clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of video interventions in changing health behaviors. Twenty-eight studies comprised of 12,703 subjects were included in the systematic review. Video interventions were variably effective for modifying health behaviors depending on the target behaviors to be influenced. Video interventions appear to be effective in breast self-examination, prostate cancer screening, sunscreen adherence, self-care in patients with heart failure, HIV testing, treatment adherence, and female condom use. However, videos have not shown to be effective in influencing addiction behaviors when they are not tailored. Compared to loss-framing, gain-framed messages may be more effective in promoting certain types of health behavior change. Also, video modeling may facilitate learning of new behaviors and can be an important consideration in future video interventions.

The outcome of breast cancer treatment largely depends on the timing of detection. The health promotion interventions have an immense contribution to early detection and improved survival. Therefore, this review aimed to provide evidence on the efficacy of the health promotion interventions to increase the uptake of breast cancer screening and to develop effective interventions targeting women. Online databases (PubMed/MEDLINE/PubMed Central, Ovid/MEDILINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for studies published between January 2005 and January 2017. A quality coding system was assessed using Cochrane checklists for randomized controlled trial (RCT) and Downs and Black checklists for non-RCT. The score was rated for the included articles by each researcher independently and the average score is given accordingly. This study was registered in PROSPERO as [PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017060488]. The review dovetailed 22 studies. Thirteen studies (59.10%) were conducted in the Unite States, 4 in Iran (18.18%), 2 in India (9.09%) and 1 each in Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Israel. The interventions were classified as 'individual-based', 'community-based', 'group-based teachings and training' and 'behavioral model based'. The majority of the studies showed favorable outcomes after health promotion interventions, including improvements in women's view of breast screening, breast self-examination and knowledge of breast screening. The review confirmed that most of the health promotion interventions targeting women boosted the breast screening in one or another way. However, the limited quality of the included studies showed that further research is needed to improve the trials in the next future.

In this paper we present and critically evaluate a participatory mapping project called the Map of Water Conflicts in Andalusia (Spain) led by researchers at the University of Seville from 2017 to 2019. According to the available literature, projects of this nature denote initial enthusiasm, followed by decline and abandonment within a period of approximately five years. At the crossroads of the Map’s disappearance, we critically analyze the project expectations and outcomes while addressing the challenges of sustaining co-production interest and validity over time.Our evaluation uses available information produced throughout the project to contrast the project’s officially defined goals and participant expectations with the project outcomes. The results are then discussed from a process-based perspective in relation to the lifecycle of boundary objects, with particular attention to the role of the researchers as influential actors in contributing to the generation, sustainability, and relevance of co-production projects.Three phases were identified in the project lifecycle, interpretive flexibility, standardization, and infrastructure creation, with critical transitional moments that challenge its sustainability and even pose a “survival dilemma” for the project. We conclude that to awaken from the “collaborative dream,” it is essential to consider the dynamic and conflictive nature of co-production projects and the ongoing self-examination within project teams. Goals and expected outcomes should be designed to align with the project’s transition through different stages, which are, in turn, determined by political-institutional contexts and specific power relations.

To describe physicians' experiences of video consultation with new patients visiting a publicly owned virtual primary care clinic. In this qualitative study, data were collected from semi-structured individual interviews and analysed by systematic text condensation. A publicly owned virtual primary care clinic in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden. Ten primary care physicians working at the clinic. Connecting with a patient over video could be either straightforward or deficient, depending on communication and the patient's condition. Clinical experience, communication skills, and involving patients throughout the consultation and examination were crucial for assessments over video where patients were guided to perform self-examination. The flexibility of work and the regulated assignment online were positive for the physicians' work situation and wellbeing. Providing video consultation within the same organisation as the patient's regular health centre was considered to facilitate patient care and safety. Video consultation was considered suitable for some diagnoses and for some patients not able to reach a primary healthcare centre, though doubts were expressed about the healthcare and social benefits of this virtual care service. For the physicians, video consultation induced changes in the basis for assessment of primary care patients. The limitations on informational exchange demanded an extended form of patient involvement founded upon consultation skills, clinical experience and new skills for virtual examination. Combining virtual care with traditional general practice has the potential to reduce the workload for the individual physician and ensure medical competence in virtual primary care. Video consultation experienced suitable in some situations, but easy access to it expressed problematic in terms of medical prioritisation in healthcare. KEY POINTS Video consultation is suitable for primary care visits for some patients, but physicians' experiences of this are rarely studied. *Clinical experience and consultation skills are important for video assessment of primary care patients which involves physician-guided patient self-examination. *Video consultation facilitates care in some situations and could benefit from the provider being connected to patient's regular health centre. *Virtual care offers a flexible way of working but challenges healthcare prioritisation from the primary care physician's perspective.

Public health has been through an extraordinary period over the past two years. The novel coronavirus infection that became the COVID-19 global pandemic was first diagnosed on December 31, 2019. The pandemic spread rapidly, with much of the world affected by mid-2020. The contours of 2020 and 2021 globally were shaped almost entirely by the pandemic. Millions of people died, economies slowed, and unemployment reached record levels in many countries, all stemming from a pandemic that had been unknown two years ago. In the United States, COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death in 2020 and resulted in a downturn in life expectancy unprecedented since World War II.Coincident with the overwhelming role that COVID-19 has played in shaping public life, the visibility of the public health field has skyrocketed in the time of the pandemic, with public health occupying the front pages of newspapers worldwide. This visibility for public health was long overdue and welcome. It also of course should create an opportunity for reflection and self-examination. Much remains to be written about the burden of COVID-19, about our response to it, and about what public health stands to learn from the moment. We look forward to those conversations emerging. In this editorial, the last of what has been a five-year series of Public Health of Consequence commentaries, we wanted, however, to pause and reflect less on how public health might wish to evolve in the aftermath of COVID-19 and more on the foundations of public health that remain central to the aspirations of the field despite and perhaps because of COVID-19. Four articles in this issue of AJPH serve to illustrate three core points that lie at the heart of public health.

While students’ perspectives are crucial for international/transnational institutions’ development, their preferences towards certain values should not be taken for granted, as the possibility of lived experience is confined by individuals’ subjectivity, which derives from power and knowledge but does not depend on them (Deleuze; Foucault, 1988). Drawing on empirical data collected from Chinese sino-foreign cooperation universities, this study illustrates how the constructed neoliberal and authoritarian subjectivity influences students’ perception towards the enrolled universities, and their struggle in self-examination about what counts as truth, especially privileged by the discursive conflicts. It further argues while such critique to the politically imposed discourses represents the first step for “the care of the self” as Foucault proposes, the students have inevitably confronted the danger of the sense of lost.

Undergraduate research experiences are crucial for fostering the next generation of behavior genetics researchers. However, incorporating undergraduates into research can be challenging for faculty mentors. In this article, we provide strategies for successfully integrating undergraduates into behavior genetics research based on our experiences mentoring undergraduates in our lab. These strategies include: (1) Practicing reflexivity, specifically an ongoing self-examination and critical self-awareness of personal biases, beliefs, and practices; (2) Implementing an Inclusion, Diversity, Equity, and Access (IDEA) centered approach; (3) empowering students through clear expectations; (4) Providing focused training and mentorship; (5) Aligning research projects with student interests; (6) Assigning meaningful tasks; and (7) Facilitating professional development opportunities. By following these strategies, faculty mentors can cultivate a supportive and inclusive research environment that empowers undergraduates for successful careers in behavior genetics research.

Purpose Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is common and associated with younger age. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of FCR amongst younger survivors of early breast cancer. Subjects A total of 218 women aged 18–45 were diagnosed with stage 0–2 breast cancer at least 1 year earlier. Methods The participants completed a web-based survey including a validated measure of FCR and items exploring medical surveillance practices and health care use. Results A total of 70% of participants reported clinical levels of FCR. Higher FCR was associated with higher frequency of unscheduled visits to the GP, higher frequency of breast self-examination and other forms of self-examination for cancer, not having mammograms or ultrasounds or other forms of cancer screening in the past year, more complementary therapy use and the use of counselling and support groups. Conclusions Young women with breast cancer are particularly vulnerable to FCR. The present study provides preliminary evidence that FCR is associated with higher health costs and lower surveillance rates which may compromise health outcomes. Routine screening for FCR in follow-up care is recommended.

This research aims to better understand the association of personality traits (PT)—Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism—with health literacy (HL) skills of adults aged 58 years and older in a nationally representative sample from Switzerland. Analyses were conducted on a subsample (n = 1546) of respondents living in Switzerland from wave 8 (2019/2020) of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). PT were assessed with the Big-Five inventory ten (BFI-10). HL was measured using the short version of the European Health Literacy Survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16). We used multivariable regressions to explore how respondents' PT are independently associated with (1) the HLS-EU-Q16 and (2) seven sub-indices derived from this HL scale. Results demonstrated that even when controlling for social, regional, and health characteristics, PT were significantly associated with HL among older adults in Switzerland. More open individuals showed better HL competencies. By contrast, individuals who scored higher on neuroticism expressed more difficulties regarding concrete health-relevant tasks or situations. These findings call for public health policies targeting older adults with lower levels of openness who are less likely to engage in self-examination, and individuals with higher levels of neuroticism who tend to experience more negative emotions. Moreover, health information and communication strategies content development that accounts for different personality types and addresses the needs of individuals with low levels of openness and high neuroticism may help improve HL among older adults whose personalities may otherwise put them at a disadvantage in handling health information.

Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, is associated with social and psychological implications deriving from women’s socio-cultural contexts. Examining 74 articles published between 2007 and 2019, this literature/narrative review explores the psychosocial aspects of female breast cancer in the MENA region. It highlights socio-cultural barriers to seeking help and socio-political factors influencing women’s experience with the disease. In 17 of 22 Arab countries, common findings emerge which derive from shared cultural values. Findings indicate that women lack knowledge of breast cancer screening (BCS) and breast cancer self-examination (BSE) benefits/techniques due to a lack of physicians’ recommendations, fear, embarrassment, cultural beliefs, and a lack of formal and informal support systems. Women in rural areas or with low socioeconomic status further lack access to health services. Women with breast cancer, report low self-esteem due to gender dynamics and a tendency towards fatalism. Collaboration between mass media, health and education systems, and leading social-religious figures plays a major role in overcoming psychological and cultural barriers, including beliefs surrounding pain, fear, embarrassment, and modesty, particularly for women of lower socioeconomic status and women living in crises and conflict zones.