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Ground stations have to be upgraded for Data acquisition from advanced Sensors fitted on Flights 5,6 and 14 of the Defense Support Program as a result of the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program

Spacecraft communications using Mobile Ground Terminals is being examined while Technological development of the network of Ground stations used by the Defense Support Program is undertaken; U.S. Aerospace Defense Command recommends the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program over other kinds of Sensors because it will enhance the Nuclear detection capabilities of the Defense Support Program

U.S. Air Force. Systems Command. Space Division recommends Spacecraft launches of Flight 9 of the Defense Support Program to replace Flight 6 as well as modifications to Flight 14 which are consistent with the new Sensors developed under the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program

Data processing facilities for the Defense Support Program are to be upgraded by [Aerojet General Corporation; International Business Machines Corporation] because of the changes in Satellite design resulting from the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program

[Project expenditures; Budgets] for FY 1988-1989 include Funding for modifications to ensure dual compatibility of the Defense Support Program with the [Space Transportation System; Titan IV Launch Vehicles] and for upgrading the Computer software used for Spacecraft communications; Operational tests of the [Sensor Evolutionary Development Program; Mobile Ground System] are planned in FY 1988-1989, and tests to improve Survivability of the enhanced Defense Support Program Early warning satellites will also be undertaken

Defense Support Program performance during 1985 and future modifications to the [Simplified Processing Station; Mobile Ground Terminals; Overseas Ground Station (Australia); CONUS Ground Station (Colorado); Computer software] are described; Defense Support Program maintains an array of Early warning satellites in Geosynchronous orbits with Sensors capable of Infrared tracking to monitor [Missile launches; Nuclear weapon tests]; Defense Support Program Flight 12 includes sophisticated sensors developed through the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program and Spacecraft launches of a new generation of Early warning satellites with improved [Spacecraft communications; Sensors] are planned

Program Management Directive for the Defense Support Program describes [Equipment maintenance; Technological development; Research and development; Operational tests] to be undertaken for the [Computer software; Computer hardware; Spacecraft; Sensors; Spacecraft communications; Data processing; CONUS Ground Station (Colorado); Overseas Ground Station (Australia); Simplified Processing Station; Mobile Ground Terminals; Sensor Evolutionary Development Program] and identifies the Government agencies responsible for various activities including the [U.S. Air Force. Space Command; U.S. Air Force. Logistics Command; U.S. Air Force. Systems Command; U.S. Aerospace Defense Command; U.S. Air Force. Electronic Security Command; U.S. Air Force. Operational Test and Evaluation Center]; Budgets for the Defense Support Program including allocations for Personnel are included

[U.S. Air Force. Air Training Command; U.S. Air Force. Logistics Command; U.S. Air Force. Operational Test and Evaluation Center; U.S. Air Force. Space Command; U.S. Air Force. Systems Command; U.S. Air Force. Systems Command. Space Division] outline minimum Costs for the Defense Support Program including $5 billion estimated Budgets and program objectives for the [Simplified Processing Station; Mobile Ground Terminals; Sensor Evolutionary Development Program]

Operational tests for the Simplified Processing Station will be undertaken and the feasibility of Mobile Ground Terminals to ensure data survivability will be examined; Spacecraft launches under the Defense Support Program are described and modifications in Satellite design including Research and development for the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program are outlined; U.S. Aerospace Defense Command asks the U.S. Air Force. Systems Command. Space and Missile Systems Organization to examine the impact of the Sensor Evolutionary Development Program on the Computer hardware used by the Ground stations for Data processing

Background The ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) is used worldwide as a biological control agent. It is a predator of various mealybug pests, but it also feeds on alternative prey and can be reared on artificial diets. Relatively little is known about the underlying genetic adaptations of its feeding habits. Results We report the first high-quality genome sequence for C. montrouzieri . We found that the gene families encoding chemosensors and digestive and detoxifying enzymes among others were significantly expanded or contracted in C. montrouzieri in comparison to published genomes of other beetles. Comparisons of diet-specific larval development, survival and transcriptome profiling demonstrated that differentially expressed genes on unnatural diets as compared to natural prey were enriched in pathways of nutrient metabolism, indicating that the lower performance on the tested diets was caused by nutritional deficiencies. Remarkably, the C. montrouzieri genome also showed a significant expansion in an immune effector gene family. Some of the immune effector genes were dramatically downregulated when larvae were fed unnatural diets. Conclusion We suggest that the evolution of genes related to chemosensing, digestion, and detoxification but also immunity might be associated with diet adaptation of an insect predator. These findings help explain why this predatory ladybird has become a successful biological control agent and will enable the optimization of its mass rearing and use in biological control programs.