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Complete sentences with your family
Readers will learn the characteristics of a complete sentence, including the punctuation marks that end them and how to find a main clause.
Book
Exploring the Mandatory Life Sentence for Murder
Murder is often regarded as both the ‘ultimate’ and a unique crime, and whereas courts are normally given discretion in sentencing offenders, for murder the sentence is mandatory – indeterminate imprisonment. Since the crime and the punishment come as a ‘package deal’ this book looks at both the legal nature of the offence and at the current operation of the mandatory life sentence. Not only does the book adopt a critical approach, by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the status quo, it also draws upon comparative material from both common and civil law jurisdictions in an attempt to provide a comprehensive exploration of these issues. The need for public confidence in the criminal justice system is particularly acute in the way it deals with the most serious homicides. In this book the authors report findings from the first systematic exploration of public attitudes to sentencing murder in this or any other common law jurisdiction. The picture of public opinion emerging from this recent large-scale nationwide qualitative and quantitative survey, funded by the Nuffield Foundation, is likely to surprise many, and will be of interest to all jurisdictions where the mandatory life sentence for murder has been questioned.
eBook
Stop right there. : a book about periods
\"Emma and Jane play together while learning how to correctly use periods in a sentence.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Previous Convictions at Sentencing
This latest volume in the Penal Theory and Penal Ethics series addresses one of the oldest and most contested questions in the field of criminal sentencing: should an offender's previous convictions affect the sentence? This question provokes a series of others: Is it possible to justify a discount for first offenders within a retributive sentencing framework? How should previous convictions enter into the sentencing equation? At what point should prior misconduct cease to count for the purposes of fresh sentencing? Should similar previous convictions count more than convictions unrelated to the current offence? Statutory sentencing regimes around the world incorporate provisions which mandate harsher treatment of repeat offenders. Although there is an extensive literature on the definition and use of criminal history information, the emphasis here, as befits a volume in the series, is on the theoretical and normative aspects of considering previous convictions at sentencing. Several authors explore the theory underlying the practice of mitigating the punishments for first offenders, while others put forth arguments for enhancing sentences for recidivists. The practice of sentencing repeat offenders in two jurisdictions (England and Wales, and Sweden) is also examined in detail.
eBook
Sentencing policy and social justice
Sentencing policy and social justice' argues that the promotion of social justice should become a key objective of sentencing policy, advancing the argument that the legitimacy of sentencing ultimately depends upon the strength of the relationship between social morality and penal ideology. It sheds light on how shared moral values can influence sentencing policy at a time when relationships of community appear increasingly fragmented, arguing that sentencing will be better placed to make a positive contribution to social justice if it becomes more sensitive to the commonly-accepted moral boundaries that underpin adherence to the 'rule of law'.
Book
Examining knowledge entities and its relationships based on citation sentences using a multi-anchor bipartite network
This paper proposes a novel entitymetrics approach by exclusively focusing on citation sentences. Since citation sentences offer authors’ research interest, knowledge entities that appear in such sentences can be considered as key entities. To characterize such key entities, we focus on citation sentences that were extracted from full-text research articles collected from PubMed Central. We used “opioid” as our search query since it is an actively studied domain, which indicates that rigorous amounts of knowledge entities and entity pairs are available for examination. After which we construct two novel citation sentence-based networks, namely the Direct Citation Sentence (DCS) network and the Indirect Citation Sentence (ICS) network. The DCS network is built upon direct entity pairs that are captured within citation sentences. The ICS network, on the other hand, utilized indirect entity cooccurrences based on cited author information and section information. To do this, we propose a multi-anchor bipartite network that uses cited author information and section headings as a multi-anchor that is related to bio-entity nodes, namely the [author/section]-entity bipartite network. To demonstrate the usefulness of the DCS and ICS network, a conventional full-text network is formed for comparison analysis. In addition, during this process, MeSH tree structure is used to examine the bio-entity level characteristics. The results show that DCS and ICS network demonstrate distinct network characteristics and provide unobserved top-ranked bio-entity pairs when compared to traditional method. This indicates that our method can expand the base of entitymetrics and provide new insights for entity level bibliometrics analysis.
Journal Article