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"Service-oriented architecture (Computer science) Testing."
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Testing Java microservices : using Arquillian, Hoverfly, AssertJ, JUnit, Selenium, and Mockito
With traditional software unit tests, there's never a guarantee that an application will actually function correctly in the production environment. When you add microservices, testing becomes even more tricky. 'Testing Java Microservices' teaches readers how to write tests like unit, component, integration, container, contract, chaos, and more.
Book
Using data mining techniques to generate test cases from graph transformation systems specifications
Software testing plays a crucial role in enhancing software quality. A significant portion of the time and cost in software development is dedicated to testing. Automation, particularly in generating test cases, can greatly reduce the cost. Model-based testing aims at generating automatically test cases from models. Several model based approaches use model checking tools to automate test case generation. However, this technique faces challenges such as state space explosion and duplication of test cases. This paper introduces a novel solution based on data mining algorithms for systems specified using graph transformation systems. To overcome the aforementioned challenges, the proposed method wisely explores only a portion of the state space based on test objectives. The proposed method is implemented using the GROOVE tool set for model-checking graph transformation systems specifications. Empirical results on widely used case studies in service-oriented architecture as well as a comparison with related state-of-the-art techniques demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed approach in terms of coverage and test suite size.
Journal Article
Generating test as a web service (TaaWS) through a method-based attribute grammar
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a technology for designing software systems. By using this architecture, new challenges appeared for software testing. Functional testing of services assures the quality of service-oriented applications. Herein, we introduce a new test web service named TaaWS (Test as a Web Service), which is a combination of both online testing and testing as a service to overcome SOA testing challenges. Each web service can have its test web service. Thus, the consumer can call TaaWS to assure the accuracy of the web services used in the application. TaaWS consists of semantic and structural test cases extracted from the extended-attribute grammar of the web service called Method-Based Attribute Grammar (MBAG). MBAG is created in five steps, including the definition of the input/output variables, the creation of sections in the web method, and the application of rules to specify conditions and operations on the attributes. In addition, a new coverage criterion is introduced for application on MBAG to extract test cases. Using TaaWS, we have applied semantic and structural test cases on the PersonalIDCode-INFO web method as a case study. In our proposed method, a developed program called Sharif-TaaWS as a tool automates MBAG generation steps, test cases, and TaaWS creation. To evaluate TaaWS, other functional testing techniques have been compared to our method by measuring the effectiveness of the test cases (ETC value). This value shows that TaaWS can find more faults compared to other techniques. We propose that TaaWS has advantages such as creating both semantic and structural test cases through MBAG, detecting changes in web services, running regression tests, and managing test results to inform the consumer. However, TaaWS has a drawback; the response time to the user may increase through calling TaaWS.
Journal Article
Sharif-TaaWS: a tool to automate unit testing of web services
Service-Oriented Architecture is a technology for designing software systems. Upon using this architecture, new challenges appeared for software testing in which unit testing can be viewed as the most essential and basic testing procedure. Many industrial tools and academic studies have presented a level of automation for unit testing of web services. Herein, we introduce a new tool called Sharif-TaaWS to automate the unit testing of web services through a method-based attribute grammar (MBAG) of the source code. This tool generates a test web service named TaaWS (Test as a web service), a combination of both online testing and testing as a service. Sharif-TaaWS has three modules including Initializer, MBAG generator, and TaaWS creator. These modules scan and parse the web service source code through the scan-grammar, generate MBAG, and create test cases in TaaWS. In this paper, we evaluate our proposed tool using different types of web services. Sharif-TaaWS is compared with other unit testing tools through the response time, test case generation, and report preparation time using different environments. The results show that Sharif-TaaWS has more ability to find web service faults and can reduce the testing process time through the attribute grammar and the test web service.
Journal Article
An Efficient Method for Automatic Antipatterns Detection of REST Web Services
REST Web Services is a lightweight, maintainable, and scalable service accelerating client application development. The antipatterns of these services are inadequate and counter-productive design solutions. They have caused many qualitative problems in the maintenance and evolution of REST web services. This paper proposes an automated approach toward antipattern detection of the REST web services using Genetic Programming (GP). Three sets of generic, REST-specific and code-level metrics are considered. Twelve types of antipatterns are examined. The results are compared with the manual rule-based approach. The statistical analysis indicates that the proposed method has an average precision and recall scores of 98% (95% CI, 92.8% to 100%) and 82% (95% CI, 79.3% to 84.7%) and effectively detects REST antipatterns.
Journal Article
Service-oriented architecture of environmental information systems to forecast the impacts of natural disasters in South Korea
Purpose
While high-quality information is critical in decision-making for environmental issues and assessing the impact of natural disasters, there is a significant lack of research on how environmental information systems (EISs) can be integrated through service-oriented architecture (SOA). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the EISs in South Korea and to propose an SOA to improve the quality of EISs.
Design/methodology/approach
This study follows the design science research methodology proposed by Peffers et al. (2007). A pilot test was conducted with Environmental Impact Assessment Support System (EIASS) end users based on the modified DeLone and McLean’s IS success model to discern the moderating effect of SOA readiness.
Findings
This study proposed a new SOA for the South Korea EIASS; the work processes among EIASS, nationwide EISs and local EISs are also analyzed. Conceptual and hardware SOA for the EIASS were presented. The finding shows that SOA readiness has a significant moderating effect for EIASS end user benefits.
Practical implications
Supply chain managers can exploit GIS-based environmental information, which can be provided by the new EIASS architecture, to estimate the risk of a natural disaster within the geographical region of their supply chain.
Originality/value
This is one of the few studies in the EIS literature that propose an SOA to improve the quality of EIS. In addition, the study remodeled DeLone and McLean’s IS success model to assess the proposed SOA for EAISS and found that the new SOA would be useful for end users.
Journal Article
How Developers' Experience and Ability Influence Web Application Comprehension Tasks Supported by UML Stereotypes: A Series of Four Experiments
In recent years, several design notations have been proposed to model domain-specific applications or reference architectures. In particular, Conallen has proposed the UML Web Application Extension (WAE): a UML extension to model Web applications. The aim of our empirical investigation is to test whether the usage of the Conallen notation supports comprehension and maintenance activities with significant benefits, and whether such benefits depend on developers ability and experience. This paper reports and discusses the results of a series of four experiments performed in different locations and with subjects possessing different experience-namely, undergraduate students, graduate students, and research associates-and different ability levels. The experiments aim at comparing performances of subjects in comprehension tasks where they have the source code complemented either by standard UML diagrams or by diagrams stereotyped using the Conallen notation. Results indicate that, although, in general, it is not possible to observe any significant benefit associated with the usage of stereotyped diagrams, the availability of stereotypes reduces the gap between subjects with low skill or experience and highly skilled or experienced subjects. Results suggest that organizations employing developers with low experience can achieve a significant performance improvement by adopting stereotyped UML diagrams for Web applications.
Journal Article
Virtualization of stateful services via machine learning
Today’s enterprise software systems are much more complicated than the past. Increasing numbers of dependent applications, heterogeneous technologies, and wide usage of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA), where numerous services communicate with each other, makes testing of such systems challenging. For testing these software systems, the concept of service virtualization is gaining popularity. Service virtualization is an automated technique to mimic the behavior of a given real service. Services can be classified as stateless or stateful services. Many services are stateful in nature, yet virtualization of stateful services is harder than virtualization of stateless services. In this work, we introduce two novel stateful service virtualization approaches. We employ classification-based and sequence-to-sequence-based machine learning algorithms in developing our solutions. Classification is a supervised learning method where the task is assigning given inputs to corresponding classes. A sequence-to-sequence model is a deep neural network architecture where the input and the output are sequences. We demonstrate the validity of our approaches on three datasets. Our evaluation shows that we obtain 75 % to 81 % accuracy on subject datasets with classification based method. Our deep neural network-based solution achieves even better accuracy results ranging from 89 to 97 % on subject datasets. Our evaluation on training times of the mentioned techniques show that classification based technique significantly outperforms other methods.
Journal Article
A Metamorphic Relation-Based Approach to Testing Web Services Without Oracles
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become a major application development paradigm. As a basic unit of SOA applications, Web services significantly affect the quality of the applications constructed from them. In the context of SOA, the specification and implementation of Web services are completely separated. The lack of source code and the restricted control of Web services limit the testability of Web services, and make the oracle problem prominent. In this context, can one alleviate the test oracle problem, or effectively and efficiently test such Web services even without oracles? It is an important issue which has not been yet adequately addressed. To address the challenge of testing Web services, the authors propose a metamorphic relation-based approach to testing Web services without oracles. The proposed approach leverages so-called metamorphic relations to generate test cases and evaluate test results. To make the proposed approach practical and effective, the authors proposed a framework taking into account the unique features of SOA, and developed a prototype which partially automates the framework. Three case studies are conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. The work presented in the paper not only alleviates the test oracle problem of testing Web services, but also delivers an effective and efficient test technique without oracles.
Journal Article
Decomposing Composition: Service-Oriented Software Engineers
This article deals with software development life cycles to support development in service-centric software systems. The explosion of information technology (including service-oriented architecture) and its underlying capabilities has led to the evolution of software development life cycles over the past three decades. Software engineers are continuously exploring approaches to software and system development that are domain, application, and technology independent. Early approaches included waterfall life cycles that promote creating concrete requirements before any significant design or development occurs.
Journal Article