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Global markets, local bodies : the labor of service -- \"The customer is God\": women and China's new occupational geography -- Virtual personalism : importing global luxury and middle class femininity to the Beijing Transluxury Hotel -- Virtuous professionalism : localizing global luxury at the Kunming Transluxury Hotel -- Aspirational urbanism : consuming respect in China's informal consumer service sector -- Embodying consumer markets at work

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Academic engagement is vital for college students, yet existing studies reveal inconsistencies in how gender influences academic engagement. Building upon the statistical discrimination theory and identity-based motivation theory, this study develops an integrated model to examine gender differences in college students’ academic engagement. Further, the role that gender-role orientation in influencing academic engagement was investigated. Using a sample of 524 college students (Mage = 21.11, SD = 1.98; 47.7% women) from a large university collected in two time periods, the findings indicate that in the Chinese context, women anticipate higher future sex discrimination than men. However, gender-role orientation restores parity between men and women through a moderated mediation: egalitarian gender-role orientation has a stronger effect on women’s anticipated future sex discrimination than on men’s, resulting in increased academic engagement of women. The findings highlight the need to consider female students’ egalitarian beliefs in gender-related academic research.

Previous studies on subjective well-being primarily focus on individuals’ own characteristics. Pooling data from recent Chinese General Social Surveys (N = 9445), we examine individual happiness among young and middle-aged married people in urban China, by taking into account their spouses’ characteristics. Drawing on the male breadwinner model, we reveal that husband’s employment is much more strongly related to individual happiness of both the husband and the wife than wife’s employment. In addition, a man’s contribution to the household income has a more positive effect on his happiness than a woman’s contribution on her happiness. Meanwhile, those coresiding with both dependent children and parents have lower likelihoods of happiness than those with no dependents. Our results demonstrate that gender roles remain strictly defined in urban China, in which the husband bears the breadwinner role and the wife assumes the homemaker role. Relatedly, living with both parents and dependent children does not lessen the level of happiness any more for women than for men, suggesting that Chinese women do not shirk their caregiving responsibilities.

Over the past four decades in China, economic reforms have resulted in widening social-gender gaps, leading to severe gender inequalities. Using empirical data and in-depth theoretical analysis to critique China's growth-focused development path, this collection of essays closes the gap on what has been an under-discussed issue in Chinese culture.

This study examines how perceptions of the work context affect the job and career satisfaction of Chinese employees. Perceived organizational support (POS), procedural justice, and gender bias against women are considered as antecedents. Gender is expected to moderate the relationships between these antecedents and the outcome variables. The results of hierarchical regression analysis on data from 591 Chinese employees indicated that POS and procedural justice are positively related to employees' job and career satisfaction. Additionally, gender acts as a moderator in the relationship between POS and job satisfaction, and between gender bias against women and career satisfaction.

This research emphasizes the potential influences of social community environments on low-income employees’ mental health. Using a two-wave panel design, we collect 218 matched data from low-income employees in Harbin City, China. We developed a moderated mediation model to test our hypotheses with the following significant results: (1) neighboring behavior, defined as both giving and receiving various kinds of assistance to and from one’s neighbors, positively influenced mental health; (2) work-family conflict mediated the relationship between neighboring behavior and mental health; (3) gender moderated the influences of neighboring behavior on mental health, such that neighboring behavior had a stronger positive influence on mental health for females than for males; (4) gender moderated the mediating effect of work-family conflict; that is, the positive influences of neighboring behavior were stronger for female employees than for male employees. This research explores the mechanism and boundary conditions of the relationship between neighboring behavior and mental health. In practice, community managers support community social workers by organizing community-building social activities and supportive programs to enhance residents’ neighboring behavior.

This book is about women directors in China and India. The aim of the book is to understand more clearly where women are present on corporate boards, and the reasons for their continued absence from most listed company boards. The Glass Ceiling in Chinese and Indian Boardrooms is written at a time of increasing awareness, particularly in Europe, of the benefits of gender equity at the boardroom table, and of the costs of women's continued exclusion from corporate decision-making. Norway's gender equity legislation has now been instrumental in ensuring that women occupy over 40% of all company board seats in that country. France, Italy and Spain are amongst those countries now following the same path towards equity. But Asia in general, and the world's two largest nations in particular, still lag well behind. In China while women enjoy greater social and economic equality than many of their sisters in other parts of Asia, the male-dominated nature of the Party-state apparatus makes it unlikely that legislative change will be achieved any time soon. In India, while the country's 2013 Corporations Law now requires all major listed firms to have at least one woman director, the real challenges for women are social and economic, where much work remains to be done. Based on detailed surveys of 1,000 key listed firms in India and ChinaProvides results from empirical questionnaire surveys of key firmsAnalyses the importance of board diversity in a rapidly changing world, and its significance for economic and environmental stability

Few studies of gender relations in immigrant families explore under what conditions gender role at one level of analysis is reproduced, revised, or resisted at another level of analysis. The current study aims to examine the complex processes of gender role reconstruction among the Chinese immigrant wives. In contrast to the findings in the studies of immigrant families, whereby traditional gender role ideology was challenged, the majority of Chinese immigrant couples in this particular sample re-created a traditional gender structure at home to respond to the structural constraints caused by immigration and to ease the tension brought by care deficit at work and at home. Marital interactions characterized by Chinese immigrant wives' self-reflection and their husbands' confirmation and disconfirmation significantly facilitated the gender role reconstruction. Peu d'études sur les relations entre les sexes dans les familles d'immigrants explorent les conditions dans lesquelles le rôle des sexes à un certain niveau d'analyse est reproduit, révisé ou bien résiste à un autre niveau d'analyse. L'étude présente vise à examiner les processus complexes de reconstruction de rôle entre les sexes chez les épouses des immigrants chinois. En contraste avec les résultats d'études sur les familles immigrées, par lesquels l'idéologie du rôle traditionnel entre les sexes était contestée, la majorité des couples d'immigrants chinois dans cet exemple particulier ont recréé une structure traditionnelle entre les sexes au domicile conjugal, pour répondre aux contraintes structurelles causées par l'immigration et afin de soulager la tension provoquée par le manque de soins au travail comme à la maison. Les interactions matrimoniales basées sur une introspection des épouses immigrantes chinoises ainsi que la confirmation ou la contre-confirmation de leurs maris et ont considérablement facilité la reconstruction des rôles entre les sexes. Muy pocos estudios conducidos en familias emigrantes han explorado bajo que condiciones, a un nivel de análisis, el rol del género es reproducido o recreado; o resistido a otro nivel de análisis. El objetivo de este estudio es de examinar el complejo proceso de la reinvención del rol del género tradicional entre las esposas del emigrante Chino. En contraste a los hallazgos encontrados en estudios ya hechos en familias emigrantes, donde la ideología tradicional del rol del genero fueron impugnadas, la mayoría de las parejas del emigrante Chino-en esta muestra en particularrecrearon una estructura del rol de genero tradicional en su casa para así poder responder a los limites estructurales antepuestos por su estado migratorio y a su vez para así poder aliviar la tensión causada por el déficit de atención familiar en el hogar y en el trabajo. La caracterización de las relaciones conyugales auto-reflejadas por las esposas del emigrante Chino y por la probabilidad de ser reafirmadas o rechazadas por sus esposos, significadamente contribuyó a la reconstrucción o reinvención del rol de genero tradicional dentro de la familia del emigrante Chino.