Explore the vast range of titles available.

Amaç: Hindistan cevizi yağı ve türevlerinin, baş bitlerini tıkanma ve boğulma yoluyla öldürdüğü düşünülmektedir. Pediculosis tedavisi için satılan Hindistan cevizi türevi bazlı ürünlerin etkinliğini destekleyici bir kanıt yoktur. Bu çalışma, bu ürünlerden birini test etmek için tasarlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışma 31 kişi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Tedavide %1 oranında parçalanmış Hindistan cevizi yağı içeren şampuan kullanılmıştır. Tedavi 0. ve 8. günlerde uygulanmıştır. Etkinlik, birinci tedaviden sonraki 1., 8. ve 16. günlerde bit tarağı kullanılarak ölçülmüştür. Deneme, ISRCTN79136319 numaralı mevcut kontrollü denemeler veri tabanına kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Ürünün ilk uygulamasıyla, 31 katılımcının yedisi bitlerden temizlenmiş ve çalışmanın sonunda ise 31 kişiden 12’sinde (%38,7) bit kalmamıştı. Tedavi sonrasında, bir veya daha fazla katılımcı üzerinde bitlerin tüm gelişme dönemlerine rastlanmıştır. Bu durum, uygulanan tedavinin baş bitlerini bütün gelişme dönemlerinde öldürmediğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Değiştirilmiş Hindistan cevizi şampuanının iki uygulaması, baş bitlerini veya yumurtalarını öldürmek için etkili olmamıştır. Bu sonuç, bitkisel yağlardan ve modifiye edilmiş yağlardan çok az intrinsik aktivite göstermiş diğer çalışmaları doğrulamaktadır. Şampuanların çoğunun aktiviteleri, muhtemelen yüksek oranda bulunan deterjan gibi diğer ürün bileşenlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır.

Background The process of hair dyeing causes hair damage, and periodic re‐dyeing is required for newly grown hair. To avoid these hassles, hair color shampoos have been developed and are widely used. In this study, we compared the effects of two hair color shampoos with different dyeing principles to analyze the function of hair color shampoos. We analyzed hair tresses treated by hair‐oxidation‐ and hair‐coating‐based shampoos. Materials and methods We measured the color, tensile properties, softness, elasticity, gloss, moisture content, and protein content of the hair tresses dyed with color shampoos. The hair structures were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM) and a hydroxy radical‐based method. Results The shampoo based on hair coating enhanced the hair dyeing effect and roughness, whereas that based on hair oxidation improved the color retention and moisture content in the hair tresses. Frictional resistance, gloss, and elasticity of the hair tresses were similar for the two products. However, according to the results of the protein loss test, TEM, and hydroxyl radical staining, the shampoo based on hair oxidation showed a longer dyeing retention compared to that based on hair coating but caused cuticle damage. Conclusion These results show that the two shampoos with different dyeing principles exhibit different hair dyeing abilities and hair health indices. Therefore, we recommend that hair color shampoos should be used according to the requirements of an individual.

Hair is an important part of the body appeal and its look is a health indicator. Accordingly, recent advances in hair science and hair care technologies have been reported in literature claiming innovations and strategies for hair treatments and cosmetic products. The treatment of hair and scalp, primarily, involved the use of shampoo for an effective, but gentle cleansing; however, for years, the shampoo is considered not only as a cosmetic product having the purifying purpose, but it is also responsible for maintaining the health and the beauty of hair, imparting gloss and improving manageability. For meeting the needs of a multitasking formulation, following also the recent marketing-trend addressed to the \"natural world\", new challenges for cosmetic technology are aimed towards the research of natural ingredients, as well as new techniques for shampoo formulation. Regarding the recent development of solid shampoos, little information is available about their use, formulation and advantages. This review is largely focused on the description of solid shampoos, mainly based on the use of clays, herbs or flours as washing bases alternative to the traditional ones, consisting of a combination of synthetic surfactants, together with other usual ingredients expected in a shampoo formulation.

Surfactants belong to a group of chemicals that are well known for their cleaning properties. Their excessive use as ingredients in care products (e.g., shampoos, body wash) and in household cleaning products (e.g., dishwashing detergents, laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners) has led to the discharge of highly contaminated wastewaters in aquatic and terrestrial environment. Once reached in the different environmental compartments (rivers, lakes, soils, and sediments), surfactants can undergo aerobic or anaerobic degradation. The most studied surfactants so far are linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEOs), and alcohol ethoxylate (AEOs). Concentrations of surfactants in wastewaters can range between few micrograms to hundreds of milligrams in some cases, while it reaches several grams in sludge used for soil amendments in agricultural areas. Above the legislation standards, surfactants can be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms which make treatment processes necessary before their discharge into the environment. Given this fact, biological and chemical processes should be considered for better surfactants removal. In this review, we investigate several issues with regard to: (1) the toxicity of surfactants in the environment, (2) their behavior in different ecological systems, (3) and the different treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants in order to reduce the effects of surfactants on living organisms.

Shampoo prepares surfactants to remove dirt, surface grease, and skin debris from hair, shaft, and scalp without harming the user. This study aimed to formulate herbal shampoo using Ethiopian plant extracts and evaluate their quality parameters. Herbal shampoos were formulated using seed oil extracts of Lepidium sativum L. and Ricinus communis L., and essential oil extracts of Lippia adeonsis Hochst ex. Walp koseret, along with other ingredients. The formulated herbal shampoos were evaluated for their organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as pH, surface tension, viscosity, dirt dispersion, antimicrobial activities, and stability. When the investigation data were assessed, the formulations were pleasant and attractive, produced sufficient foam, and showed suitable cleansing activities. The pH values were in a range 5.90 ± 0.22–7.45 ± 0.19, and lower surface tension (23.39 ± 0.20–31.89 ± 1.04 dyne/cm) together with acceptable viscosity with good shearing properties were obtained. The formulated products exhibited good antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger. When the surface morphologies of hair samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a clean and smooth surface was observed for treated samples, comparable to that of the marketed shampoo. This result indicated that the formulated herbal shampoo is good, having acceptable properties at par with commercially available shampoos. However, further investigation, research, and development are required to improve its quality and safety.

Products used for hair care by humans are essential for cleaning, protection, perfuming, and beautification. These are applied directly on the skin and can be a potential factor for dermal exposure to toxic metals. The present research deals with the assessment of heavy metals in the hair care products available in the local markets of Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 20 brands of shampoo and 05 brands of conditioners were collected in triplicate and analyzed for 10 heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Pb, Cd, Zn, and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Toxic metals were found to be higher in conditioner than in shampoo of respective color and brand. Ni and Zn concentrations have exceeded the maximum permissible limits. Consumers belonging to the lower class are more vulnerable to heavy metals exposure because of the high metal content in low-cost products. These results suggested that hair care products should also be considered as one of the sources of heavy metals exposure.

Background Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a cicatricial alopecia affecting the frontotemporal hairline. Given that this scarring, immune-mediated follicular destruction most commonly affects postmenopausal Caucasian women, researchers have postulated that there are hormonal and genetic components; however, the etiology of FFA is still unknown. Recently, dermatologists have reported cases of FFA as being potentially caused by cosmetic products, such as sunscreen and shampoo. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis intend to be the first to analyze the relationship between FFA and cosmetic/personal care products and treatments, including sunscreen, moisturizer, foundation, shampoo, conditioner, hair mousse, hair gel, hair dye, hair straightening/rebonding, chemical/laser facial resurfacing, aftershave, and facial cleanser. Methods The Cochrane, PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline (Ovid) databases were searched for the relevant studies from the date of inception to August 2022. Case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies examining the effects of cosmetic/personal care product use on FFA, available in English full-text, were included. Analyses were performed using Review Manager, version 5.4. Results were reported as an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI); p values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results Nine studies were included in our quantitative analyses, totaling 1,248 FFA patients and 1,459 controls. There were significant positive associations found for FFA and sunscreen (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.67–5.47; p  = 0.0003) and facial moisturizer (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.51–3.20; p  < 0.0001) use. Gender sub-analyses demonstrated a positive association for FFA and facial moisturizer in men (OR 5.07, 95% CI 1.40–18.32; p  = 0.01), but not in women (OR 1.58, 95% CI 0.83–2.98; p  = 0.16). Both gender sub-analyses were significantly positive for the association with facial sunscreen (Male OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.54–13.78, p  = 0.006; Female OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.32–5.70, p  = 0.007). There was no association found for a facial cleanser (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.33–1.52; p  = 0.51), foundation (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.83–1.55; p  = 0.21), shampoo (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.22–1.10; p  = 0.08), hair conditioner (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.52–1.26; p  = 0.35), hair mousse (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.75–2.51; p  = 0.31), and hair gel (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48–1.69; p  = 0.74), hair dye (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.69–1.64; p  = 0.77), hair straightening/rebonding (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.08–9.32; p  = 0.92), hair perming (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.89–2.23; p  = 0.14), facial toner (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.12–2.21; p  = 0.37), or aftershave (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.28–9.49; p  = 0.58). Conclusions This meta-analysis strongly suggests that leave-on facial products, facial sunscreen and moisturizer, are associated with FFA. While the association with facial moisturizer did not persist when stratifying for female populations, gender sub-analyses remained significant for a facial sunscreen. There was no significant relationship found with hair products or treatments. These findings suggest a potential environmental etiology in the development of FFA, particularly UV-protecting chemicals.

Aim: Dermatologists most frequently prescribe shampoos for the treatment of hair shed and scalp disorders. Prescription of hair care products is often focused on improving scalp hair density, whereas the over-the-counter products focus on hair damage prevention. Little is taught in medical schools about the hair cosmetics, so that the prescriptions are based only on the treatment of the scalp and usually disregards the hair fi ber health. Materials and Methods: In this work, we review the current literature about the mode of action of a low-pH shampoo regarding the hair shaft′s health and analyze the pH of 123 shampoos of international brands. Results: All shampoo pH values ranged from 3.5 to 9.0. 38.21% of all 123 shampoos presented a pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 29.9-47%) and 61.78% presented a pH > 5.5. 26 anti-dandruff shampoos were analyzed. About 19.23% presented pH ≤ 5.5.(IC: 7.4-37.6%). 80.77% of all anti-dandruffs shampoos presented a pH > 5.5. The dermatological shampoo group ( n = 19) presented 42.10% with pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 21.8-64.6%), and 57.90% with pH > 5.5. Among the commercial (popular) products ( n = 96), 34.37% presented pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 25.4-44.3%) and 65.62% presented pH > 5.5. 15 professional products (used in hair salons) were analyzed, of which 75% had a pH ≤ 5.5 (IC: 18-65, 4%), and 25% had a pH > 5.5. 100% of the children′s shampoos presented a pH > 5.5. Conclusions: Alkaline pH may increase the negative electrical charge of the hair fiber surface and, therefore, increase friction between the fibers. This may lead to cuticle damage and fiber breakage. It is a reality and not a myth that lower pH of shampoos may cause less frizzing for generating less negative static electricity on the fiber surface. Interestingly, only 38% of the popular brand shampoos against 75% of the salons shampoos presented a pH ≤ 5.0. Pediatric shampoos had the pH of 7.0 because of the \"no-tear\" concept. There is no standardized value for the final pH. The authors believe that it is important to reveal the pH value on the shampoo label, but studies are needed to establish the best pH range for both the scalp and the hair fiber′s health.

Silicone oil is famous for its greater stability and high-temperature non-toxic use at low surface tension and high spreading power. It is the mixture of polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) with dimethicone and simethicone, therefore largely used in industrial products due to their unique properties like non-toxicity, high lubricity and stable film strips formations, and widely used in lubricants, electric insulator, laboratories, anti-foaming, etc. Silicone oil is chosen by improving their lubrication performance in mechanical system like resin, films, satellite and space vehicles. The purpose of this study is to design for evaluating and distinguishing feature of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or silicone oil to show their mechanical and thermal properties. In industrial field, i.e., improved their adhesive and contact angle properties for their long time durability and stability. The aim of this review is to elaborate and distinguish the feature of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) or silicone oil to show their mechanical and thermal properties showing the shinning properties and importance of silicone oil in daily routine and in industry. Also silicone oil and there derivates like polymethyl hydrogen siloxane, amino silicone, phenyl methyl silicone, vinyl silicone and hydrogen silicone oil play a key role in curing agent, hair-care cosmetics and shampoos and thermostat fluid anti-adhesion processing. Materials which we have used in this review such as polymethyl hydrogen siloxane, amino silicone oil, phenyl methyl silicone oil, vinyl silicone oil and hydrogen silicone oil show significant and potential properties in various fields of industries. Different types of methods like cross-linking, copolymerization and coupling agents were used in different reactions in this review. Also synthetic types of compounds were also used for different properties giving excellent results. This review highlighted the beneficial aspects of silicone oil in various fields. Silicone oil shows prominent properties like lubrication, smooth gliding behavior, wettability, mechanical strength, mechanical stability and high-performance coating. Silicone oil is also useful for decreasing surface tension and retaining the moisture.