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\"The never-before-told story of Project Mayflower--the building of the replica ship docked in Plymouth, Massachusetts--from the origins of the idea, through the financial and political influences that nearly scuttled her, the seven-week ocean voyage from England in the skilled hands of Alan Villiers, and finally her lasting impact on America. Today, the Mayflower II--the replica of the 1620 ship that brought the Pilgrims to America and launched a nation--is seen by some 2.6 million visitors to Plymouth annually and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. But there is much more to the replica's story than meets the eye. In fact, the origins of Project Mayflower began in the 1950s not with an American, but with a British World War II veteran named Warwick Charlton who had what seemed an impossible dream: build an historically accurate replica, sail her across the Atlantic, and present the finished product as a thank you to his country's wartime ally. What Charlton didn't know was that the son of a powerful New England financier had the same idea. Henry (\"Harry\") Hornblower II wanted a replica just as badly, though for a different reason: as a tourist attraction for a new museum he was building in Massachusetts, soon to be known as Plimoth Plantation, where the original Mayflower had landed centuries before. Despite different personal motives, Charlton and Hornblower agreed to join forces when they met by chance in 1955. Charlton would be responsible for financing, construction, and the vessel's safe passage across the Atlantic, while Hornblower promised mooring, maintenance, and exhibition. Neither man could imagine what would happen next. Project Mayflower recounts the never-before-told story of a grand adventure, from the origins of the idea, through the financial and political influences that nearly scuttled the ship, and the challenges of building an accurate replica based on a single known mention: William Bradford's reference in Of Plimoth Plantation describing his craft simply as \"180 tons of burden.\" From there, Stone traces the Mayflower II's dramatic seven-week ocean voyage from Plymouth, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in the skilled hands of Alan Villiers and a crew of thirty-three bold men, and finishes by exploring the legacy of praise for the achievement, the skullduggery to tarnish the reputation of the project's creator, and finally the Mayflower II's lasting--and ongoing--impact on America.\"--Amazon.com.

Early-stage ship design demands efficient exploration of diverse hull forms under tight geometric and performance constraints. Existing data-driven approaches often rely on a single geometric representation, limiting their ability to capture both global proportions and local shape detail. This paper presents a representation-aware generative framework that learns a shared latent encoding of hull geometry from multiple modalities: surface point clouds, waterline sections, and buttock curves. A conditional multimodal autoencoder embeds these complementary descriptors into a unified latent space, enforcing cross-modal consistency and preserving geometric fidelity. To enable the generation of novel hull forms, a latent diffusion model is trained to sample hull representations conditioned on high-level design parameters, such as principal dimensions and form coefficients. The proposed approach produces watertight and geometrically coherent hull forms that align with user-specified design parameters. Experiments on a synthetic hull dataset demonstrate improved geometric coherence and controllability. The method provides a scalable foundation for performance-aware, data-driven exploration in early-stage ship design.

This paper builds upon the 2021 IJME publication by the same authors, which introduced the application of network theory to the design and evaluation of a simplified submarine power and propulsion system for early-stage ship design. The current work presents significant advancements from that initial investigation, detailing the UCL Network Block Approach (NBA). The NBA integrates the strengths of a proven 3D Computer Aided Ship Design (CASD) system’s architecture-driven approach using a network theory approach, specifically for the design of distributed ship service systems in complex vessels, demonstrated through a submarine case study. The proposed approach has now been validated through three design sensitivity studies, which examined variations at three levels: overall ship performance, main-level design styles, and micro-level design styles. The findings indicate that the NBA facilitates the holistic investigation of distributed ship service systems during early-stage ship design. Additionally, it enables naval architects and marine engineers to quickly size and balance energy requirements for different distributed systems and visualise the intricate structure of submarine systems within a 3D CASD environment and a 3D multiplex network layout. Furthermore, the NBA provides a basis for assessing the potential impacts of emerging technologies, such as the development of net-zero carbon based energy solutions for future naval vessels.

This paper presents the design and the experimental results of a new type of developable added bulbous bow that has been designated as a dihedral bow. This type of bow is based on polyhedral bows that are used in small vessels, whose origin is traced to the 1990s. The bow is designed with a set of developable surfaces that are designed following previous methodology on surface design that considers material properties and can contain boundary curves. Two dihedral bow designs and their towing tank tests are presented in this work. A displacement and a semi-displacement hull were tested in two different loading conditions and for different Froude numbers. An important reduction of the effective power (PE) of the ships with the dihedral bow was observed during the experiments. There is a reduction of about 20% for the displacement hull and about 16% for the semi-displacement. The design methodology for the dihedral bows is presented in this paper together with experimental results on power, sink and trim. Dihedral bows are a good option for efficient small ship design, as well as larger ships.

Hydrodynamic optimizations of ship hull forms have been carried out employing parametric curves generated by fairness-optimized B-Spline form parameter curves, labeled as F-Spline. Two functionalities of the parametric geometry models are used in the present study: a constrained transformation function to account for hull form variations and a geometric entity used in full parametric hull form design. The present F-Spline based optimization procedure is applied to two distinct hydrodynamic hull form optimizations: the global shape optimization of an ultra-large container ship and the forebody hull form for the hydrodynamic optimization of an LPG carrier. Improvements of ship performance achieved by the proposed F-Spline procedure are demonstrated through numerical experiments and through correlations with experimental data. The ultra-large containership was built and delivered to the ship owner. The present study validates the effectiveness of the proposed hydrodynamic optimization procedure, ushering in process automation and performance improvement in practical ship design practices.

The determination of principal dimensions in the early ship design stage requires iterative calculations based on the basis ship particulars and ship owner’s requirements, demanding considerable time and engineering effort. In modern shipbuilding practice, errors introduced at the early design stage carry a high risk of necessitating a complete redesign, particularly under the mandatory EEDI Phase 3 requirements. To address these challenges, this study presents an automated optimization system for the determination of principal dimensions, adopting LBP (Length Between Perpendiculars), B (Breadth), D (Depth), and CB (Block Coefficient) as design variables. The NSGA-II (Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) is employed to minimize total resistance (RT), specific fuel oil consumption (SFOC), and lightweight (LWT) as objective functions, with EEDI Phase 3 compliance and minimum freeboard requirements imposed as design constraints. The developed program was applied to a 114K Aframax Tanker with VLSFO/LNG dual-fuel capability, yielding a reduction in total resistance of approximately 65 kN relative to the basis ship with improved propulsive efficiency and economic feasibility. The proposed methodology is expected to enhance the efficiency of the early ship design process and provide a systematic framework for meeting stringent environmental regulations.

The recently completed Horizon 2020 European Research project—HOLISHIP—Holistic Optimization of Ship Design and Operation for Life Cycle (2016–2020) has developed suitable tools and software platforms which are necessary for the creation of innovative design solutions meeting the set low-emission strategic objectives. The present paper introduces an innovative, holistic approach to ship design and the development of integrated design software platforms and tools, which are used in practical applications. In the era of the 4th industrial revolution, this project sets out to substantially advance ship design via the introduction of a fully computerized, multi-disciplinary optimization approach to ship design and life-cycle operation. The approach enables the exploration of a huge design space in a relatively short time, as well as the distributed/multi-site working and the virtual reality testing; thus, it is a strong asset for the development of innovative maritime concepts in response to the needs of the 21st century.

This book is the most well-known and trusted introduction to the principles affecting the design, construction and operation of marine vessels and structures. It offers a wide ranging yet clear and concise technical guide to the basics of this broad field, with minimal emphasis on complex equations and mathematics. Written by an award-winning naval architecture author, this new edition has been fully updated to cover recent advances and developments in naval architecture. It is ideal for students approaching the subject for the first time, experienced naval architects requiring an up-to-date reference, and other marine professionals needing a working knowledge of the area.

This study presents a methodological framework for integrating LCA principles into the preliminary design phase of an offshore vessel. The framework is based on the case of a wind farm installation vessel (WTIV). The proposed approach diverges from traditional ship design by treating environmental impact as an important criterion and integrates the LCA into the early design stages, which is a novelty of the sustainability-driven ship design. On the basis of steps usually conducted in the preliminary ship design, a parametric study was conducted to evaluate the life cycle emissions associated with the shipbuilding, maintenance, operation, and dismantling phases. Ship characteristics such as displacement, lightship weight, and main dimensions were correlated with LCA factors, enabling the quantification of emissions at an early design stage with the use of the developed database and statistical regression models. Power demand estimation for different operational scenarios—free-running transit, dynamic positioning, and stationary installation—highlighted the significant contribution of offshore-specific vessel activities to life cycle emissions. The results demonstrate that the operational phases remain the most important contributors to overall emissions, mostly through CO2 and NOx production. However, emissions from shipbuilding, maintenance, and dismantling also play a critical role, justifying the need for early design interventions. Our findings highlight the need to integrate LCA into the design spiral for balanced sustainability, efficiency, and feasibility. This study provides a foundation for future research into multi-objective optimization models that incorporate LCA into offshore vessel design.

In this paper, some methodologies aimed at the identification of the Pareto front of a multi-objective optimization problem are presented and applied. Three different approaches are presented: local sampling, Pareto front resampling and Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI). A first approximation of the Pareto front is obtained by a regular sampling of the design space, and then the Pareto front is improved and enriched using the other two above mentioned techniques. A detailed Pareto front is obtained for an optimization problem where algebraic objective functions are applied, also in comparison with standard techniques. Encouraging results are also obtained for two different ship design problems. The use of the algebraic functions allows for a comparison with the real Pareto front, correctly detected. The variety of the ship design problems allows for a generalization of the applicability of the methodology.