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The signal transmission phenomenon in an underdamped fractional system composed of two harmonically coupled particles, but only the first particle, which is driven by a periodic force, is studied. We obtain the analytical expressions for the steady-state response of the two coupled particles by applying the stochastic averaging method and define the signal transmission factor to characterize signal transmission efficiency. We analyze the impact of noise on signal transmission efficiency and provide the discriminant criterion for the emergence of the signal transmission enhancement phenomenon. We also analyze the resonance behavior of the signal transmission factor and provide the discriminant criterion for the emergence of different types of resonance behavior based on system parameters. We draw the phase diagrams for varying resonance behavior versus different parameters and study the influences of the parameters on resonance behavior. It is found that the coupling strength and fractional-order exert important influences on the signal transmission efficiency and resonance behavior, and the fractional coupled system exhibits complicated dynamic behaviors than the integer coupled system. Lastly, numerical simulations for the signal transmission factor η , and the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) transmission gain SNR η are performed. We can control signal transmission efficiency and resonance behavior within a certain range by understanding the effects of system parameters on the underdamped fractional coupled system, and it has potential applications in modern science.

We propose a process of quantum-confined ion superfluid (QISF), which is enthalpy-driven confined ordered fluid, to explain the transmission of nerve signals. The ultrafast Na + and K + ions transportation through all sodium-potassium pump nanochannels simultaneously in the membrane is without energy loss, and leads to QISF wave along the neuronal axon, which acts as an information medium in the ultrafast nerve signal transmission. The QISF process will not only provide a new view point for a reasonable explanation of ultrafast signal transmission in the nerves and brain, but also challenge the theory of matter wave for ions, molecules and particles.

SummaryThe Hedgehog/Glioma-associated oncogene homolog (HH/GLI) signaling pathway regulates self-renewal of rare and highly malignant cancer stem cells, which have been shown to account for the initiation and maintenance of tumor growth as well as for drug resistance, metastatic spread and relapse. As an important component of the Hh signaling pathway, glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) acts as a key signal transmission hub for various signaling pathways in many tumors. Here, we review direct and indirect inhibitors of GLI; summarize the abundant active structurally diverse natural GLI inhibitors; and discuss how to better develop and utilize GLI inhibitors to solve the problem of drug resistance in tumors of interest. In summary, GLI inhibitors will be promising candidates for various cancer treatments.

The International Association of Geodesy (IAG) aims to establish the International Height Reference System (IHRS) as one of its primary scientific objectives. Central to the realization of the IHRS is global vertical datum unification, which requires the connection of existing local vertical height reference systems (VHS) robustly and consistently. However, conventional methods are not suitable for estimating the offsets between two distant local height systems. In this paper, we propose a framework for connecting two local VHSs using ultraprecise clock frequency signal links between satellites and ground stations, referred to as the satellite frequency signal transmission (SFST) approach. The SFST approach allows for the direct determination of the geopotential and height differences between two ground datum stations without any location restrictions between the two VHSs. The simulation results show that the VHSs of China and the US can be unified with an accuracy of several centimeters, provided that the stability of atomic clocks used on-board the satellite and at on-ground datum locations reaches 4.8×10−17τ−1/2 for an averaging time τ (in seconds). We conclude that the SFST approach shows promise for achieving centimeter-level accuracy in unifying the global vertical height datum and represents a new paradigm for the realization of the IHRS.

With the continuous development of society, optical fiber communication system has become a necessity in people's life. Although the loopholes of the system are gradually improved, there are still many factors that affect the performance of the signal transmission in the actual transmission process. Compared with the traditional Fourier transform, there are some new transforms, such as fractional Fourier transform and DFT-S. These new transformations can observe, analyze and process signals more completely and concretely, Through which the signal can be transformed into the domain and more information of the optical fiber signal can be obtained.

This work presents the design and implementation of an isolated fiber-optic transmission system for real-time monitoring of collector-emitter voltage (UCE) in IGBT-based highvoltage (HV) stacks, with a focus on applications in industrial and accelerator environments. The system, named LaserLink, addresses the need for galvanic isolation, operator safety, and high-fidelity signal acquisition under challenging conditions such as ionizing radiation, strong electromagnetic interference, high temperatures, and restricted operator access. The architecture employs analog signal transmission using modulated laser diodes and fiber-optic links, with each IGBT monitored by a dedicated optical transmitter (HiBox) and a ground-referenced receiver (LowBox). The solution enables broadband observation of dynamic UCE(t) waveforms with a bandwidth from DC to at least 50 MHz, supporting precise analysis of switching events, detection of anomalies, and implementation of advanced timing correction algorithms. The paper discusses the rationale for avoiding local A/D conversion at the measurement point, highlighting environmental, diagnostic, and scalability constraints that favor analog transmission. The LL system demonstrates that robust analog optical transmission for HV measurement can be achieved using cost-optimized components when paired with targeted compensation strategies and careful architectural design.

When detecting micro-distortion of lidar scanning signals, current hardwires and algorithms have low compatibility, resulting in slow detection speed, high energy consumption, and poor performance against interference. A geometric statistics-based micro-distortion detection technology for lidar scanning signals was proposed. The proposed method built the overall framework of the technology, used TCD1209DG (made by TOSHIBA, Tokyo, Japan) to implement a linear array CCD (charge-coupled device) module for photoelectric conversion, signal charge storage, and transfer. Chip FPGA was used as the core component of the signal processing module for signal preprocessing of TCD1209DG output. Signal transmission units were designed with chip C8051, FT232, and RS-485 to perform lossless signal transmission between the host and any slave. The signal distortion feature matching algorithm based on geometric statistics was adopted. Micro-distortion detection of lidar scanning signals was achieved by extracting, counting, and matching the distorted signals. The correction of distorted signals was implemented with the proposed method. Experimental results showed that the proposed method had faster detection speed, lower detection energy consumption, and stronger anti-interference ability, which effectively improved micro-distortion correction.

This study introduces a novel photonic crystal fiber designed with several zero-dispersion wavelengths with exceptional characteristics for dispersion compensation in telecommunication applications. Two distinct photonic crystal fibers were designed and compared: one with periodic arrangement of air holes, the other with 12 extra air holes. The performance metrics of the fibers were analyzed, revealing a notable advantage for the designed fiber with supplementary air holes. Moreover, the dispersion curve analysis provides an intriguing insight into the behavior of zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs), showcasing the PCF with extra air holes as a potentially rich source of multiple ZDWs. This innovative PCF design holds the potential to advance dispersion compensation capabilities, enhancing the efficiency and quality of optical signal transmission in telecommunication systems.

Highly conductive nylon 6 nanofiber webs, incorporating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), were prepared for textile-based signal transmission lines. To improve the electrical performance of the textiles, they were optimized by the number of coating cycles and the solvent treatment step. The nanofiber web coated four times with PEDOT:PSS showed a six-times reduction in sheet resistance compared to that of once. In addition, the sample treated with both adding and dipping of DMSO showed a significant decrease of 83 times in sheet resistance compared to the sample without treatment of DMSO. Using samples with excellent electrical conductivity, the waveforms of the signal in the time domain were analyzed and shown to have an amplitude and phase almost identical to that of the conventional copper wire. As a result of the S21 characteristic curve, selected textiles were available up to the 15 MHz frequency bandwidth. In the FE-SEM image, it was observed that the surface of the coated sample was generally covered with PEDOT:PSS, which was distinguished from the untreated sample. These results demonstrate that the nanofiber web treated with the optimized conditions of PEDOT:PSS and DMSO can be applied as promising textile-based signal transmission lines for smart clothing.

Radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) is a widely used method for shallow subsurface electromagnetic exploration, employing magnetic sources (coils) for signal transmission. A common challenge is the low frequency and unstable current of the instrumentation. To address this, a full-bridge resonant inverter circuit is designed for signal transmission.