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"Signals and signaling"
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Alpha, Bravo, Charlie : the complete book of nautical codes
An introduction to maritime communication through nautical flags, along with morse code, the phonetic alphabet, and semaphore signaling. Today's system of international maritime signal flags was developed in the 19th century, and is still used for communication between ships, or between ship and shore. Each flag, boldly colored for visual distinction at sea, stands for a letter as well as a phrase relevant to seafaring. The resulting code is both beautiful and functional, inviting readers to code and decode messages of their own! -- Source other than Library of Congress.
Book
Signals and Boundaries
Complex adaptive systems (cas), including ecosystems, governments, biological cells, and markets, are characterized by intricate hierarchical arrangements of boundaries and signals. In ecosystems, for example, niches act as semi-permeable boundaries, and smells and visual patterns serve as signals; governments have departmental hierarchies with memoranda acting as signals; and so it is with other cas. Despite a wealth of data and descriptions concerning different cas, there remain many unanswered questions about \"steering\" these systems. In Signals and Boundaries , John Holland argues that understanding the origin of the intricate signal/border hierarchies of these systems is the key to answering such questions. He develops an overarching framework for comparing and steering cas through the mechanisms that generate their signal/boundary hierarchies. Holland lays out a path for developing the framework that emphasizes agents, niches, theory, and mathematical models. He discusses, among other topics, theory construction; signal-processing agents; networks as representations of signal/boundary interaction; adaptation; recombination and reproduction; the use of tagged urn models (adapted from elementary probability theory) to represent boundary hierarchies; finitely generated systems as a way to tie the models examined into a single framework; the framework itself, illustrated by a simple finitely generated version of the development of a multi-celled organism; and Markov processes.
eBook
The impact of voluntary sustainability reporting on firm value: Insights from signaling theory
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between voluntary sustainability reporting and firm value, as measured by Tobin’s q. We test three main hypotheses developed from signaling theory and the sustainability reporting literature on a large panel of reporting and non-reporting organizations for the period 2011–2020. The results of a fixed effects panel model suggest that, in general, sustainability reporting is negatively related to Tobin’s q. However, the results also indicate that the relationship between sustainability reporting and Tobin’s q becomes increasingly positive over time. Our conclusion is that sustainability reporting is initially a costly signal, but that it eventually enhances firm value as companies learn how to better communicate sustainability initiatives to stakeholders and investors learn how to properly evaluate reports. Finally, in an analysis of sustainability reporting organizations, we find that external assurance is positively associated with Tobin’s q. External audits appear to increase the credibility of reports. Implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed.
Journal Article
A scout's book of signs, signals and symbols
\"Boy Scouts cofounder and avid outdoorsman \"Uncle Dan\" Beard researched the secret languages of trappers, hobos, steamer pilots, and Native American tribes to compile this comprehensive resource of pictographs and other encoded communication symbols. First published nearly a century ago, this practical reference provides Scouts and other lovers of the outdoors with an ever-useful guide to following trails and interpreting their surroundings. Uncle Dan leads readers from basic directional signs to danger signals of land and sea, chalk and map signs of animals, symbols of the elements, celestial characters, and marks of the seasons and of time. He explains common gesture language, signal codes, flag signaling, animal tracking, and a host of other well-illustrated signs, signals, and symbols. This timeless manual provides valuable insights that will enrich the adventures of hunters, campers, backpackers, Scouts, and other wilderness enthusiasts\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Activity-dependent neuronal signalling and autism spectrum disorder
Neuronal activity induces the post-translational modification of synaptic molecules, promotes localized protein synthesis within dendrites and activates gene transcription, thereby regulating synaptic function and allowing neuronal circuits to respond dynamically to experience. Evidence indicates that many of the genes that are mutated in autism spectrum disorder are crucial components of the activity-dependent signalling networks that regulate synapse development and plasticity. Dysregulation of activity-dependent signalling pathways in neurons may, therefore, have a key role in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder.
Journal Article
Causal Protein-Signaling Networks Derived from Multiparameter Single-Cell Data
Machine learning was applied for the automated derivation of causal influences in cellular signaling networks. This derivation relied on the simultaneous measurement of multiple phosphorylated protein and phospholipid components in thousands of individual primary human immune system cells. Perturbing these cells with molecular interventions drove the ordering of connections between pathway components, wherein Bayesian network computational methods automatically elucidated most of the traditionally reported signaling relationships and predicted novel interpathway network causalities, which we verified experimentally. Reconstruction of network models from physiologically relevant primary single cells might be applied to understanding native-state tissue signaling biology, complex drug actions, and dysfunctional signaling in diseased cells.
Journal Article
A paracrine requirement for hedgehog signalling in cancer
Hedgehog signalling in cancer
The hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway acts in the developing embryo as part of the network controlling cell proliferation and cell fate. It has also been implicated in a number of solid tumours, where it was thought to mediate tumour cell proliferation directly. But a new study suggests a rather different role for hedgehog in cancers. Hedgehog ligands secreted by cancer cells failed to activate signalling in tumour epithelial cells but instead acted on the stroma, the mass of extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and microvasculature in which the malignant cells are embedded. Tumour growth was promoted, but apparently via an effect on the tumour cells' microenvironment. These findings have important implications for the use of hedgehog antagonists as anticancer drugs.
Ligand-dependent activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has been associated with tumorigenesis in a number of human tissues
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, Hh ligands fail to activate signalling in tumour epithelial cells. In contrast, our data support ligand-dependent activation of the Hh pathway in the stromal microenvironment. Specific inhibition of Hh signalling using small molecule inhibitors, a neutralizing anti-Hh antibody or genetic deletion of smoothened (
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Journal Article