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"Simulation operations"
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Power Grid Planning and Dynamic Intelligent Management System Construction Based on Operation Simulation
The operation simulation system of the power grid is a complex and huge dynamic model, and its establishment and management are of great significance in power enterprises. The intelligence of the power grid is to manage the power system through computer technology, so that it can provide users with high-quality, convenient, safe, reliable and high-efficiency services. To this end, this article is based on operating simulation experiments to construct a power grid planning and dynamic intelligent management system. The purpose is to provide people with a fast and accurate power management system to facilitate life. This article mainly constructs the system through investigation method, experimental analysis method, data analysis method and so on. Experimental research shows that the accuracy of data obtained by using information technology in power grid planning and intelligent management system construction is relatively high, reaching 93.2%.
Journal Article
Simulation Model of a Steelmaking–Continuous Casting Process Based on Dynamic-Operation Rules
The steelmaking–continuous casting process (SCCP) is a complex manufacturing process which exhibits the distinct features of process manufacturing. The SCCP involves a variety of production elements, such as multiple process routes, a wide array of smelting and auxiliary devices, and a variety of raw and auxiliary materials. The production-simulation of SCCP holds a natural advantage in being able to accurately depict the intricate production behavior involved, and this serves as a crucial tool for optimizing the production operation of the SCCP. This paper thoroughly considers the various production elements involved in the SCCP, such as the fluctuation of the converter smelting cycle, fluctuation of heat weight, and ladle operation. Based on the Plant Simulation software platform, a dynamic simulation model of the SCCP is established and detailed descriptions are provided regarding the design of an SCCP using dynamic-operation rules. Additionally, a dynamic operational control program for the SCCP is developed using the SimTalk language, one which ensures the continuous operation of the caster in the SCCP, using the discrete simulation platform. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic simulation model is verified by the total completion time of the production plan, the transfer time of the heat among the different processes, and the frequency of ladle turnover. The simulation’s results indicate that the dynamic simulation model has a satisfactory effect in simulating the actual production process. On this basis, the application effects of different schedules are compared and analyzed. Compared with a heuristic schedule, the optimized schedule based on the “furnace–machine coordinating” mode reduces the weighted value of total completion time by 8.7 min, reduces the weighted value of transfer waiting time by 45.5 min, and the number of rescheduling times is also reduced, demonstrating a better application effect and verifying the optimizing effect of the “furnace–machine coordinating” mode on the schedule.
Journal Article
Hydrological modeling applied to water synergy evaluation in Castanhão Reservoir, Ceará, Brazil
Arid and semiarid regions have particularities that make more difficult hydrological modeling, such as shallow soils, pronounced temporal and spatial irregularity of precipitation, and sometimes, lack of consistent data. In order to contribute to the hydrological studies in these regions, this research used the CAWM IV model (Campus Agreste Watershed Model Version IV), specially developed for applications in these areas. This model was used to simulate the input of natural flows in the Castanhão reservoir, the most important reservoir in the state of Ceará, northeast of Brazil. From this determination, it is possible to analyze the synergistic gain from exogenous water from other basins. Covering the Project of Integration of São Francisco River (PISF), eight sub-basins were modeled up to the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, the capital of the state, in the period between 1969 and 2021, depending on the availability of data for each fluviometric station. The sum of the areas of all delimited sub-basins is 60,755.68 km
2
, corresponding to 40.8% of the state area. The results obtained confirmed the satisfactory performance of the modeling, with emphasis on medium and high flows. Despite the calculation and analysis of water synergy made only to Castanhão reservoir, this method can be extended to the system of reservoirs that supply the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza and other systems of reservoirs in an integrated manner. The research found a synergistic gain between 706 and 850 hm
3
per year, as well as an increase in the regularized average flow, corresponding to results previously found by other authors.
Journal Article
Temporal–Spatial Acceleration Framework for Full-Year Operational Simulation of Power Systems with High Renewable Penetration
With the rapid growth of renewable energy integration, power systems are facing increasing uncertainty and variability in operation. The intermittent and uncontrollable nature of wind and solar generation requires operational decisions to anticipate future fluctuations, creating strong temporal coupling across days. This leads to large-scale mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) with a large number of binary variables, which is computationally intensive—especially in year-long simulations. As a result, there is a growing need for efficient modeling approaches that can reduce complexity while preserving key temporal features. This paper proposes a temporal–spatial acceleration framework for long-term power system operation simulation. In the temporal dimension, a monthly K-means clustering algorithm is applied to reconstruct typical scenario days from 8760 h time series, preserving the characteristics of seasonal and intraday variability. In the spatial dimension, thermal units with similar characteristics are aggregated, and binary decision variables are relaxed into continuous variables, transforming the MILP into a tractable LP model, and thereby reducing computational burden. Case studies are performed based on the six-bus and the IEEE RTS-79 systems to validate the framework, being able to provide a practical solution for renewable-integrated power system planning and dispatch applications.
Journal Article
A fractional-order damage creep model for grouting-reinforcement body under dry–wet cycle
The grouted circle formed by curtain grouting is widely used to mitigate geohazards, including the isolation of groundwater in tunnels. However, few studies have focused on the creep behavior of a grouting-reinforced body under dry–wet (DW) cycles. In this study, uniaxial compressive creep tests were performed to study the time-dependent behavior of grouted specimens with different DW cycles. In addition, a novel nonlinear fractional-order model that considers the DW cycle damage was proposed to describe the creep characteristics of grouted specimens. Finally, a post-grouting tunnel long-term deformation analysis was numerically performed using the proposed model. The following results were obtained. (1) The creep behavior of the grouted specimen undergoes three stages under different loadings, namely decaying creep, steady creep, and accelerated creep. The initial strain and steady creep rate increased as the DW cycles and loading level increased. (2) A fractional-order viscoelastic model coupled with DW cycle damage variables was proposed to describe the creep behavior of a grouting-reinforced body. (3) The creep effect of the grouting circle under DW cycles has a significant influence on tunnel deformation and lining safety (i.e., larger deformation accumulation in the early stage and higher deformation growth rate in long-term operation). This study can be used for future prediction of the long-term deformation of post-grouting tunnels under DW cycle damage, which can help devise maintenance strategies for long-term safety.
Journal Article
Strength deterioration of karst fillings under dry–wet cycles: Testing and modeling study
The strength of karst fillings is vital for the safety of tunnels in large-filled karst areas. Karst fillings in areas with seasonal rainfall often experience dry–wet cycle environments, which have a deteriorating effect on their strength and threaten the safety of underground projects such as tunnels. In this study, direct shear tests of dry samples (samples with the moisture content of
w
1
) and wet samples (samples with saturated moisture content) at different dry densities (
ρ
d
), the number of dry–wet cycles (
n
), and the lower-bound moisture content of dry–wet cycles (
w
1
) were performed to analyze the deterioration rule of
c
and
φ
of karst fillings. The causes of the strength deterioration of karst fillings were explained based on scanning electron microscopy tests. The deterioration rate was fitted using an exponential function, and a karst filling strength deterioration model (KFDM) was developed that integrated three influencing factors. The KFDM was used through FLAC3D to predict the deformation and safety coefficient of tunnels under dry–wet cycles. The following results were obtained: (1) dry–wet cycles had a significant degrading effect on
c
and
φ
, and
ρ
d
and
w
1
had an important influence on the degradation; (2) the KFDM accurately predicted the
c
and
φ
values of karst fillings after dry–wet cycles; and (3) the tunnel deformation and safety coefficient exhibited cyclic changes during dry–wet cycles. The deformation increased gradually at increasing
n
, and the safety factor increased in the opposite direction. These results provide insights into the prediction of the deformation and safety coefficient of tunnels in large-filled karst areas and can aid in developing long-term maintenance strategies to ensure safety.
Journal Article
Optimal Schedule the Operation Policy of a Pumped Energy Storage Plant Case Study Zimapán, México
Pumped-storage hydroelectric plants are an alternative to adapting the energy generation regimen to that of the demand, especially considering that the generation of intermittent clean energy provided by solar and wind power will cause greater differences between these two regimes. In this research, an optimal operation policy is determined through a simulation tool that allows the annual benefits under the energy arbitration service (purchase–sale) to be estimated, considering the variations of the energy price in Mexico. A case study is proposed in the Zimapán hydroelectric facility, where reservoir operation at the hourly level is simulated with records for a period of 3 years, considering historical values. The results establish that this type of pumped storage power plant obtains greater benefits by generating electrical energy during 8 h of high demand and pumping for more than 11 continuous hours in times of low demand. With this configuration, the PHES consumes 82.33 GWh/year more energy than it produces, and the energy generated is 210.83 GWh/year; however, when considering the energy arbitration service, a net income of more than USD 3.25 million per year is identified, which represents a 123.52% increase for the annual energy purchase.
Journal Article
Encoding Two-Qubit Logical States and Quantum Operations Using the Energy States of a Physical System
In this paper, we introduce a novel coding scheme, which allows single quantum systems to encode multi-qubit registers. This allows for more efficient use of resources and the economy in designing quantum systems. The scheme is based on the notion of encoding logical quantum states using the charge degree of freedom of the discrete energy spectrum that is formed by introducing impurities in a semiconductor material. We propose a mechanism of performing single qubit operations and controlled two-qubit operations, providing a mechanism for achieving these operations using appropriate pulses generated by Rabi oscillations. The above architecture is simulated using the Armonk single qubit quantum computer of IBM to encode two logical quantum states into the energy states of Armonk’s qubit and using custom pulses to perform one and two-qubit quantum operations.
Journal Article
Developing an Agent-Based Simulation System for Post-Earthquake Operations in Uncertainty Conditions: A Proposed Method for Collaboration among Agents
Agent-based modeling is a promising approach for developing simulation tools for natural hazards in different areas, such as during urban search and rescue (USAR) operations. The present study aimed to develop a dynamic agent-based simulation model in post-earthquake USAR operations using geospatial information system and multi agent systems (GIS and MASs, respectively). We also propose an approach for dynamic task allocation and establishing collaboration among agents based on contract net protocol (CNP) and interval-based Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods, which consider uncertainty in natural hazards information during agents’ decision-making. The decision-making weights were calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In order to implement the system, earthquake environment was simulated and the damage of the buildings and a number of injuries were calculated in Tehran’s District 3: 23%, 37%, 24% and 16% of buildings were in slight, moderate, extensive and completely vulnerable classes, respectively. The number of injured persons was calculated to be 17,238. Numerical results in 27 scenarios showed that the proposed method is more accurate than the CNP method in the terms of USAR operational time (at least 13% decrease) and the number of human fatalities (at least 9% decrease). In interval uncertainty analysis of our proposed simulated system, the lower and upper bounds of uncertain responses are evaluated. The overall results showed that considering uncertainty in task allocation can be a highly advantageous in the disaster environment. Such systems can be used to manage and prepare for natural hazards.
Journal Article