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result(s) for
"Sinicization"
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The making of the Chinese state : ethnicity and expansion on the Ming borderlands
Leo Shin traces the roots of China's modern ethnic configurations to the Ming dynasty and challenges the traditional view that China's expansion was primarily an exercise of incorporation and assimilation.
Book
The (un)making and (re)making of Guangzhou’s ‘Little Africa’: Xiaobei’s linguistic and semiotic landscape explored
Partly as a result of China’s reform and opening-up and the broader trend of globalisation, Guangzhou in Southern China has risen to global prominence as a commercial and business hub. Strategically positioned as a centre of ‘low-end globalisation’, Guangzhou has attracted investors, traders and businessmen from Africa, the Middle East and South Asia. In particular, the city’s Xiaobei area established itself as ‘Little Africa’ featuring (once thriving) ethnic economies with many halal restaurants and businesses oriented towards Muslim traders from various ethnolinguistic and sociocultural backgrounds. This enclave represents a transnational space and a typical example of superdiversity rarely seen in the rest of China. The presence of (legal and often illegal) Africans in Guangzhou (where inter-marriage with local Chinese women was not uncommon) was viewed as a problem and threat to the ‘purity’ of Chinese-ness and Chinese civilisation. This led to strict enforcement of immigration law around 2014, where many foreigners left Guangzhou. Various social and top-down language policy changes and more directly the strict Covid pandemic restrictions dealt further blows to the area. Drawing on data in 2013/2014 and 2023, this sociolinguistic study traces the transformations in Xiaobei’s linguistic landscape from a contrastive/diachronic perspective over 10 years, thus shedding light on the (un)making, (re)making and the de-Arabization and Sinicization of Little Africa’s LL in a context of socio-political and language policy changes. Then synchronic LL analysis in 2023 shows how various linguistic and multimodal elements combine to still give the area a unique identity.
Journal Article
The falls health literacy scale: translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Chinese version
Objective
The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the reliability and validity of the Falls Health Literacy Scale (FHLS).
Methods
A total of 509 elderly hospitalized patients were recruited from Wuhan, China. The reliability of the scale was validated using internal consistency, split-half reliability and retest reliability. The validity of the scale with content validity index, exploratory factor analysis and validation factor analysis.
Results
The Chinese version of the FHLS consists of 3 dimensions, falls prevention experience, general health and staying active, and seeking health advice and services, with a total of 25 entries. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.949, the range of Cronbach’s α values for each dimension was 0.911 to 0.927, the split-half reliability was 0.800, and the retest reliability was 0.801. The I-CVI of the scale ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the S-CVI was 0.973. The KMO value was 0.925, and the χ
2
value of Bartlett’s sphericity test was 5,784.223 (
P
< 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted four metric factors, which were discussed and combined into three metric factors explaining 56.361% of the total variance. The results of validation factor analysis showed that the model indicators were: χ
2
/df = 2.182, CFI = 0.928, GFI = 0.820, NFI = 0.875, IFI = 0.928, RFI = 0.862, TLI = 0.920, RMSEA = 0.076, MRM = 0.021, which met the criteria, and the model fitting of the indicators were all in good.
Conclusions
The Chinese version of the FHLS has good reliability and validity for elderly patients and is suitable for assessing the falls health literacy level of elderly patients. The assessment of fall health literacy in elderly patients can help healthcare professionals to provide individualized health education to them, so as to improve the awareness of fall prevention in elderly patients.
Journal Article
Navigating the Owl’s Gaze
Since the 2000s, Chinese society has experienced a state codirected psychologization of everyday life. This is reflected in the popularity of the Body-Mind-Spirit (shen xin ling), a New Age self-cultivation milieu that emerged at the intersections of religiosity and secularity. This essay examines the process of “parallel glocalization,” in which Taiwanese and Hong Kongese intellectuals and spiritual seekers engaged in creative translations of western New Age concepts to introduce them to Chinese speakers. It follows the multiple trajectories through which New Age teachings were rebranded as shen xin ling and introduced in mainland China where they undergo further transformations—an important dimension of the “return” to Asia of many New Age concepts inspired by “eastern” philosophies and religions. These dynamics both facilitate China’s incorporation into the networks of globalizing spirituality and resonate with the processes of the Sinicization of religion used as a tool for control in today’s China.
Journal Article
Artistic Integration and Localized Adaptation: An Analysis of Roof Ridge Decorations in the Sinicization Process of the Yungang Grottoes
The Yungang Grottoes, carved by imperial commission from the Xianbei 鮮卑 royal family of the Northern Wei Dynasty, represent a pivotal site for understanding Buddhism’s sinicization in China. This study examines the roof ridge decorations from the Yungang Grottoes as material evidence of cultural transformation during the eastward dissemination of Buddhism along the Silk Road. Through systematic analysis of five decorative elements—chiwei 鴟尾, phoenix, garuda 金翅鳥, triangular patterns, and flame beads—this research reveals how indigenous Chinese architectural traditions integrated with Buddhist iconography. The findings suggest that these roof ridge decorations offer compelling evidence of the sinicization of Buddhist art in China, a process that established a distinctive esthetic synthesis balancing foreign religious symbolism with local cultural expression. This localization process created foundational models for Buddhist artistic development throughout East Asia, illuminating the mechanisms of cross-cultural religious adaptation in medieval China.
Journal Article
The East Asian Transmission of the Chuanlao Song (川老頌) of the Diamond Sūtra: Centering on Versions from Premodern Korea and Edo Japan
The Chuanlao Song, composed by the Southern Song Chan monk Daochuan 道川 (1104–1163, Southern Song), represents a hybrid form of exegetical lecture text from the Diamond Sūtra (金剛經). Neither a standard commentary (zhu 註) nor a ritual manual (keyi 科儀), it fuses rhetorical features of Chan sermons with versified praise, often associated with chanting. From the twelfth century onward, the Chuanlao Song circulated across China, Korea, and Japan, yet its textual identity has long been obscured. In particular, the Zokuzōkyō (續藏經) recension misclassified it as a commentary, resulting in interpretive confusions that have persisted into modern scholarship. This study reconsiders the Chuanlao Song within broader contextual frameworks of textual form, ritual practice, and editorial strategy. While grounded in philological analysis, three regional trajectories are highlighted: the Chuanlao Song’s preservation in China as an appended text within collective annotations; its transformation in Korea through royal patronage and the multiplication of textual forms; and its reinterpretation in Edo-period Japan as an object of sectarian commentary. By tracing these transregional movements, this study argues that the Chuanlao Song offers a valuable case study of how Buddhist texts were circulated and adapted across East Asia, shedding light on the intra-Chinese domestication and, beyond China, regional vernacularization and recontextualization.
Journal Article
The psychometric properties of Chinese version of the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome-quality of life scale (GTS-QOL) for children and adolescents
Background
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a persistent neurological disorder that profoundly affects the quality of life for afflicted individuals, however, tailored health-related quality of life (QOL) measures for Chinese pediatric GTS patients are lacking. This pioneering study aims to develop a QOL scale for Chinese children with GTS.
Methods
A cohort of 1,121 children (aged 6–16 years) diagnosed with GTS participated in scale development. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess the factor structure of the GTS-QOL-Chinese, examining goodness-of-fit indices, factor loadings of individual items, and covariances between factors. Validity was determined through interscale correlations and comparisons with external measures to establish convergent and discriminant validity.
Results
Following reliability and validity analyses, a Chinese version of the 24-item GTS-specific quality of life scale was conclusively established, encompassing five subscales (psychological, compulsive, cognitive, physical, social). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93, and validity was substantiated through interscale correlations ranging from 0.46 to 0.68. EFA identified five factors, explaining 61.26% of the total variation. CFA further confirmed the scale’s robustness, with all goodness-of-fit indicators meeting acceptable criteria (AGFI = 0.86, PCFI = 0.78, GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.06).
Conclusions
The Chinese version of the GTS-QOL scale has exhibits robust reliability and validity and is valuable for assessing the quality of life of Chinese children and adolescents with GTS. This scale may assist in tailoring interventions and improving patient care.
Journal Article
Apostolate through Books: The Translation Practice by Catholicism during Late Ming and Early Qing
Catholicism during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties is the most fascinating chapter in the development history of Christian culture in China. Apostolate through books emerged as a prominent method of Sino-West cultural exchange during that time. Apostolate through books by Catholicism was realized by means of translation practice, leading to a notable religious influence. Based on this perspective, this paper discusses the history and connotation of apostolate through books, particularly focusing on the characteristics of apostolate through books by Catholicism during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In achieving this, this research shows the translation motivation and translation effect of apostolate through books during the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes that the translation practice of apostolate through books by Catholicism has laid a good foundation for the sinicization and acceptance of Catholicism in China, highlighting the relationship between apostolate through books by Catholicism and the sinicization of Christian culture, so as to enlighten the internationalization of religious culture.
Journal Article
(En)countering State-led Sinicization: Critical Discursive Responses from Roman Catholics in China
In 2015, President Xi Jinping proclaimed the principle of the Sinicization of religions. Since then, it has become the Communist Party's guiding thought in religious governance. However, so far little is known about how it is perceived by everyday religious practitioners, especially Christians. Based on textual analysis of speeches and writings by leaders of the Catholic Church in China, and 50 in-depth interviews with Catholic practitioners from the mainland and Hong Kong, this paper examines how Catholics (en)counter the public transcript created by the state. Church leaders at the national level publicly embrace Sinicization and appropriate the Church's teaching on inculturation, another transcript, as its justification. However, the everyday practitioners interviewed for this study refused to embrace this discourse. Instead, they adopted one of three discursive strategies: rejection, evasion and empathy. All fell short of endorsing the state's discourse. The findings suggest that the Church's transcript enables Catholic practitioners to critically (en)counter the state's transcript.
Journal Article
The Sinicization of Chinese Religions
\"Sinicization\" has become the slogan that guides Chinese official policy towards religion. What does it mean? Where will it lead? This book is one of the first in English that answers these questions.
eBook