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This paper uses the content analysis method and theory of reproductive politics to explore how state-sponsored reproductive policy criminalizes reproductive rights and erodes sexual autonomy in Hillary Jordan's 2011 dystopian novel When She Woke. The novel depicts a future world in which abortion is criminalized and a genetic technology called \"melachroming\" is used by the federal government to violate the human rights of the main character, Hannah Payne. The fundamentalist interpretations of religion, coupled with political agenda and public policy, equate abortion with genocide, thus criminalizing the act and punishing women with a genetic alternation of skin color. These actions violate the rehabilitation rights of the convicted, denounce civil rights, and force the sentenced to the life of a social outcast. In the face of an unprecedented economic and reproductive crisis termed \"The Great Scourge\" in a near techno-future US, the state overturns the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling, which oppresses women like Hannah. Hannah faces retribution for her abortion in many ways: the genetic alteration of her skin color to be red, the live streaming of her captivity, the so-called Enlightenment Center's recreation of her abortion scene in the style of horror to serve as propaganda, the continuing menace of the Fist of Christ vigilante group, and the violation of privacy/security (in the name of public safety) through implantation of nano-transmitters in her body to monitor her movements. Jordan's depiction of the all-encompassing dehumanization of Hannah illustrates that women's bodies are political. The criminalization of abortion is a form of political performativity that interprets women's bodies as political anatomies. This study connects the novel's dystopia to current feminist scholarship and activism about political systems of surveillance, control, and imprisonment that enact state power upon the bodies of women. These patriarchal systems colonize women's bodies and wield immense power to reduce them to objects of sexual and political control.

The life of James Arthur Baldwin (1924-1987) is full of mystery, difficulty and problems on the account of racism and skin color. The racial problems and issues are not associated with Baldwin only, but every black African American undergoes this unpleasant experience. Non-fiction essay 'Notes of a Native Son' of James Baldwin demonstrates the life of every black African American who comes across the problems of racial discrimination because of the skin color ultimately that results into the racial comments, sexual harassment, threats, unwelcome remarks and verbal abuses in the American organizations. Therefore, the difficulties are shared in his non-fiction essay. The lines from the essay 'Notes of a Native Son' are analyzed to provide an insight into hitches and hardships that black people sense and encounter in the United States and to help the readers to look at America from black people's vantage point. Marxism theory is adapted in order to achieve the needs of this current research. Here Marxism theory's application makes it easier for the readers to comprehend the differences between African black Americans and white Americans on the basis of ethnic grounds.

Out of Touch investigates how skin has become a crucial but disavowed figure in twentieth-century literature, theory, and cultural criticism.These discourses reveal the extent to which skin figures in the cultural effect of changes in visual technologies, a development argued by critics to be at the heart of the contest between surface and depth.

Even before mass marketing, American consumers bought products that gentrified their households and broadcast their sense of \"the good things in life.\" Bridging literary scholarship, archaeology, history, and art history, Whitewashing America: Material Culture and Race in the Antebellum Imagination explores how material goods shaped antebellum notions of race, class, gender, and purity. From the Revolutionary War until the Civil War, American consumers increasingly sought white-colored goods. Whites preferred mass-produced and specialized products, avoiding the former dark, coarse, low-quality products issued to slaves. White consumers knit around themselves refined domestic items, visual reminders of who they were, equating wealth, discipline, and purity with the racially \"white.\" Clothing, paint, dinnerware, gravestones, and buildings staked a visual contrast, a portable, visible title and deed segregating upper-class whites from their lower-class neighbors and household servants. This book explores what it meant to be \"white\" by delving into the whiteness of dishes, gravestone art, and architecture, as well as women's clothing and corsets, cleanliness and dental care, and complexion. Early nineteenth-century authors participated in this material economy as well, building their literary landscapes in the same way their readers furnished their households and manipulating the understood meanings of things into political statements. Such writers as James Fenimore Cooper and John Pendleton Kennedy use setting descriptions to insist on segregation and hierarchy. Such authors as Harriet Beecher Stowe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Herman Melville, struggled to negotiate messages of domesticity, body politics, and privilege according to complex agendas of their own. Challenging the popular notions, slave narrators such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs wielded white objects to reverse the perspective of their white readers and, at times, to mock their white middle-class pretensions. Bridget T. Heneghan, a lecturer in English at Vanderbilt University, has been published in Nineteenth-Century Studies.

This essay examines public discussions around skin bleaching in Jamaica and demonstrates that a discourse of pathology is a dominant frame of meaning used to explain this practice. I argue that the practice of bleaching destabilizes popular conceptions of blackness that rely on an understanding of the body as immutable and marked by race. Depicting skin bleaching as pathological attempts to recenter hegemonic conceptions of blackness and to discipline bodies so that they adhere to them.

As a scientist, Margaret Cavendish affirmed the inferiority of both women to men and of black men to white. As a royalist and a romanticist, however, Cavendish's belief in the primacy of rank as a way of distinguishing between classes of people leads her in her monarchical romances to contradict various theories of sexual and racial inferiority which were current in Restoration England and which she herself espoused in her scientific writings.

If historical, editorial, and biographical racializations of the life of Louverture by writers like Lacroix and Métral influenced Alphonse de Lamartine in his portrayal of the downfall of the revolutionary hero as a tragic “interracial” family romance, eméric Bergeaud’s narration inStella(1859) of the divisions between two fictional revolutionaries as a shameful ‘quarrel between brothers’ (137) was influenced by some of the same tropologies that made Louverture’s struggle with his children appear oedipal. instead of using the “interracial” family romance and its language of patricide to describe Toussaint Louverture and his children, in Stella, Bergeaud focuses on what he

While not an auspicious time for teen literature, the leaders of School Library Journal and the American Library Association's Young Adult Services Division (now the Young Adult Library Services Association) believe in the importance and impact of YA books and want to give an award for \"an author's work in helping adolescents become aware of themselves and addressing questions about their role and importance in relationships, society, and in the world.\"[...]Sharon Draper wins the CSK author award for Tears of a Tiger , in which she tackles death, depression, and suicide among African American high school friends and teammates.Authors go above and beyond to connect with their readers, taking on school visits (live and virtual), conferences, and festival appearances. #WeNeedDiverseBooks The most important and prominent recent movement in YA is the increase in representation of diversity of experience in young adult books: skin color, race, and ethnicity, yes, but also religion, culture, socioeconomic status, gender, ability, sexual identity, and geography.A 1957 winner of the American Library Association's Grolier Award, Edwards was recognized for \"the enrichment she has given to the lives of young people [and] her contagious enthusiasm for books and reading, which has been felt not only by the young people in Baltimore, but indirectly by young people all across the country; her success in the skillful training of young adult librarians; her fine cooperation with library groups, especially the school of Maryland;...and her creative genius and integrity of purpose.\"