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The skull alphabet book
Asks the reader to identify, by learning functions of facial bones and teeth, the skull of an animal for each letter of the alphabet.
Book
SynthStrip: skull-stripping for any brain image
•SynthStrip is a universal, learning-based skull-stripping utility.•Cutting-edge performance across imaging modality, resolution, and subject population.•Use of synthetic training data alleviates the dependency on acquisition specifics.•Released both as an open-source standalone tool and as a FreeSurfer command line utility.•Publicly available collection of evaluation images and ground-truth brain masks.
The removal of non-brain signal from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, known as skull-stripping, is an integral component of many neuroimage analysis streams. Despite their abundance, popular classical skull-stripping methods are usually tailored to images with specific acquisition properties, namely near-isotropic resolution and T1-weighted (T1w) MRI contrast, which are prevalent in research settings. As a result, existing tools tend to adapt poorly to other image types, such as stacks of thick slices acquired with fast spin-echo (FSE) MRI that are common in the clinic. While learning-based approaches for brain extraction have gained traction in recent years, these methods face a similar burden, as they are only effective for image types seen during the training procedure. To achieve robust skull-stripping across a landscape of imaging protocols, we introduce SynthStrip, a rapid, learning-based brain-extraction tool. By leveraging anatomical segmentations to generate an entirely synthetic training dataset with anatomies, intensity distributions, and artifacts that far exceed the realistic range of medical images, SynthStrip learns to successfully generalize to a variety of real acquired brain images, removing the need for training data with target contrasts. We demonstrate the efficacy of SynthStrip for a diverse set of image acquisitions and resolutions across subject populations, ranging from newborn to adult. We show substantial improvements in accuracy over popular skull-stripping baselines – all with a single trained model. Our method and labeled evaluation data are available at https://w3id.org/synthstrip.
Journal Article
Pediatric skull inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a rare case report and literature review
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) represent rare neoplasms, particularly infrequent in the pediatric skull. We present a novel case of a newborn male with a 5 cm right temporal mass and discuss current diagnostic and treatment options for IMTs. A multidisciplinary effort to surgically remove the lesion was successful, and the patient’s skull defect healed without neurological deficits. The etiology of IMTs remains elusive, with proposed associations with chromosomal mutations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment for IMTs. Promising pharmacological treatments, like Crizotinib, warrant further research into understanding potential alternatives in IMT management.
Journal Article
Mystery of the skull
When Peter discovers an old skull hidden in his bedroom, it's time for an urgent meeting of the Secret Seven. Setting off to investigate, the friends see a gigantic hole in the grounds of a local hotel. Could there be any connection between the two strange events? The Secret Seven are determined to solve the mystery. It's time to look behind the green door of the Secret Seven's shed again. Enid Blyton's much-loved detective club are back in a superbly entertaining new adventure.
How I do it: single-staged emergency neurosurgical management of frontal penetrating craniocerebral injury with depressed skull fracture
Context
Penetrating craniocerebral injury associated with depressed skull fracture is an infrequent yet timely neurosurgical emergency. Such injury frequently occurs in the frontal region during traffic accident or stone throw in the civilian setting. As military neurosurgeons, we present our experience in the surgical debridement and reconstruction of this peculiar type of traumatic brain injury.
Methods
The patient lies supine, the head in neutral position heal by a Mayfield head clamp. The first step is the debridement of the frontal wound. Then, the depressed skull fracture is operated on using a tailored coronal approach through Merkel dissection plane, in order to keep a free pericranial flap. The bone flap is cut around the depressed skull fracture. Neuronavigation allows to locate the frontal sinus depending on whether it has been breached and thus requires cranialization. Brain and dura mater debridement and plasty are performed. Cranioplasty is performed using either native bone fragments fixed with bone plates or tailored titanium plate if they are too damaged.
Conclusion
Performing wounded skin closure first and then a tailored coronal approach with free pericranial flap and a craniotomy encompassing the depressed skull fracture allows to treat frontal penetrating craniocerebral injury in an easy-to-reproduce manner.
Journal Article
Headhunting and colonialism : anthropology and the circulation of human skulls in the Portuguese empire, 1870-1930
\"Explores headhunting in the colonial wars and the collection of heads for European museums, 1870s-1930s. By looking at Portuguese colonialism in East Timor, it shows how indigenous peoples and colonial powers interacted in a mutually dependent way, and how collected remains became objects of political, symbolic, and scientific significance\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Allometry of human calvaria bones during development from birth to 8 years of age shows a nonlinear growth pattern
Pediatric skulls change rapidly in size and shape during development, especially for children up to 8 years of age. This project was developed to address the gap in understanding of the three-dimensional growth parameters of the human skull during this period and the impact these growth patterns have on fontanelle closure and suture formation. This study offers novel data on the dynamic changes in the anatomy of the skull with the intention of providing better guidance for pediatric surgical care. Craniometric landmarks defined on three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions were used to map skull development in children aged 0 to 8 years old. A total of 364 datasets were analyzed and statistically representative 3D skulls with anatomical craniometric features such as head shape, bone size, suture and fontanelle closure time were generated for 17 age groups spanning birth to 8 years of age to provide a comprehensive neuroanatomical understanding of how the pediatric skull changes over time. This study indicates that the cranial bones follow a non-linear growth pattern, with the occipital and frontal bones driving the directionality of fontanelle closure and delivers a 3D visualization of the developmental characteristics of the skull providing a landmark resource for understanding the growth dynamics of the human skull. While clinical measurements remain valid approaches for the planning of surgical interventions, these 3D models may provide a more accurate planning paradigm.
Journal Article