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Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists are potential non-hormonal therapies for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women as options are scarce for those who cannot or do not want to take hormone therapy. Fezolinetant is one of the first non-hormonal neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists in development for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms due to menopause. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of fezolinetant for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. SKYLIGHT 1 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week, phase 3 trial with a 40-week active treatment extension. This trial was done at 97 facilities across the USA, Canada, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Spain, and the UK. Women aged 40–65 years with an average of seven or more moderate-to-severe hot flashes per day were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to once-daily exact-matched placebo, fezolinetant 30 mg, or fezolinetant 45 mg. Randomisation was done using a web-based interactive response system and investigators, project team members, clinical staff, and participants were masked to treatment assignment. Coprimary endpoints were mean change in frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms from baseline to weeks 4 and 12. The efficacy and safety analyses comprised all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04003155) and is completed. Between July 11, 2019, and Aug 11, 2021, 2205 women were recruited of whom 175 were assigned to placebo, 176 to fezolinetant 30 mg, and 176 to fezolinetant 45 mg (175 in the placebo group, 174 in the fezolinetant 30 mg group, and 173 in the fezolinetant 45 mg received at least one dose [safety analysis set]). One participant randomly assigned to fezolinetant 45 mg received fezolinetant 30 mg in error, so the efficacy analysis set (full analysis set) consisted of 173 in the fezolinetant 30 mg group and 174 in the fezolinetant 45 mg group. 23 participants in the placebo group, 31 in the fezolinetant 30 mg group, and 13 in the fezolinetant 45 mg group discontinued treatment before week 12, mostly due to adverse events or participant withdrawal. Compared with placebo, fezolinetant 30 mg and fezolinetant 45 mg significantly reduced the frequency of vasomotor symptoms at week 4 (difference in change in least squares mean –1·87 [SE 0·42; p<0·001], –2·07 [SE 0·42; p<0·001]) and week 12 (–2·39 [SE 0·44; p<0·001], –2·55 [SE 0·43; p<0·001]). Compared with placebo, fezolinetant 30 mg and 45 mg significantly reduced the severity of vasomotor symptoms at week 4 (–0·15 [0·06; p=0·012], –0·19 [0·06; p=0·002]) and week 12 (–0·24 [0·08; p=0·002], –0·20 [0·08; p=0·007]). Improvements in frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms were observed after 1 week and maintained over 52 weeks. During the first 12 weeks, treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 65 (37%) of 174 women in the fezolinetant 30 mg group, 75 (43%) of 173 in the fezolinetant 45 mg group, and 78 (45%) of 175 in the placebo group. The incidence of liver enzyme elevations was low (placebo n=1; fezolinetant 30 mg n=2; fezolinetant 45 mg n=0) and these events were generally asymptomatic, transient, and resolved while on treatment or after treatment discontinuation. Data support the clinical use of fezolinetant as a non-hormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause. The study was placebo-controlled for 12 weeks followed by a 40-week blinded extension to assess the maintenance of effect. Furthermore, the population studied was diverse and representative of the potential target population for fezolinetant therapy. Further characterisation of the benefit of fezolinetant on quality of life, including on symptoms of mood and sexual wellbeing, merits investigation. Astellas Pharma.

Diario de un arquitecto, published under the patronage of the Fundación Arquia - an institution created with the aim of promoting and disseminating cultural, social and educational projects in the field of architectural research - condenses the thought of the Spanish master into a collection of texts of various genesis, expressing the clarity of his thought and highlighting its consistency with his architectural work. The 24 short essays that make up the book accompany the reader within a very rich \"library\" of cultural references (visual, textual, musical), proving the importance of the contribution of all disciplinary and experiential fields to the training and growth of an architect. Some essays tell a solid and precise point of view on the fundamentals of the architectural discipline (light, matter, construction); others open to the personal memories of the architect and of the intellectual character, for whom experience is comprised of ideas, constructions, journeys, readings, moments, emotions (as the touching description of the sensation experienced during the construction of the Banco de Granada, when the skylights of the central atrium were opened and the light, solid matter, entered the space making it ?play divinely?). References to the great masters of Spanish architecture (De la Sota, Sáenz de Oíza, Carvajal, Fisac) and to the international one (Mies, Le Corbusier, Terragni, Utzon, Niemeyer), the admired comparison with the colleagues (Alvaro Siza, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Richard Meier, Renzo Piano), show a continuous cultural progression which, based on a few precise cornerstones, faces the passage of time.

The article is focused on the selection of the rational skylight from the examined alternatives using quantitative and qualitative evaluation criteria, which are based on skylight performance and the multi-criteria decision-making method. A non-residential building, namely, a car service shop, was chosen for the research in order to offer good lighting in the large hall where the car repair work is performed every workday. Three alternatives of skylights with glazing material of spherical shape or dome were chosen for the study, skylight domes, longitudinal skylights, and tubular skylights, whose selection was based on the technical parameters of the product and the calculated amount of natural light entering through three different types of skylights. The skylight alternatives were evaluated according to seven criteria whose priority ranking and importance were determined by the survey questionnaire, while the theoretical and complex importance was determined using the Entropy Method. The most rational type of skylight was determined by the TOPSIS method. The analysis based on the offered method showed that skylight domes are a rational solution for the choice of skylight type for the tested building. The main criterion for choosing the roof daylighting system according to the survey was heat transfer coefficient, while skylight cost and installation cost were the criteria chosen by Entropy Method. In both cases, when alternative solutions were compared using the theoretical and complex importance of evaluation criteria, the most rational type of skylight selected using the TOPSIS method was the same alternative, namely the skylight dome.

To maintain comfortable indoor conditions, buildings consume ~40% of the energy generated globally. In terms of passively isolating building interiors from cold or hot outdoors, windows and skylights are the least-efficient parts of the building envelope because achieving simultaneously high transparency and thermal insulation of glazing remains a challenge. Here we describe highly transparent aerogels fabricated from cellulose, an Earth-abundant biopolymer, by utilizing approaches such as colloidal self assembly and procedures compatible with roll-to-roll processing. The aerogels have visible-range light transmission of 97–99% (better than glass), haze of ~1% and thermal conductivity lower than that of still air. These lightweight materials can be used as panes inside multi-pane insulating glass units and to retrofit existing windows. We demonstrate how aerogels boost energy efficiency and may enable advanced technical solutions for insulating glass units, skylights, daylighting and facade glazing, potentially increasing the role of glazing in building envelopes. Windows are one of the least energy efficient parts of the building envelope because of poor thermal insulation. Abraham et al. develop a cellulose-based aerogel as a thermal barrier for windows that retains their optical properties.

The skylights in the cross-connection hall of Zurich Main Station require replacement due to wear and damage. While safety regulations prohibit new wire mesh glass, heritage guidelines mandate a visually similar alternative. To identify suitable laminated safety glass options, this study combines light scattering measurements, daylight simulations, and luminance analyses. A key factor was the light scattering effect of the original wired glass, which influences the perception of brightness and glare under varying daylight conditions. Measurements using a scanning gonio-photometer quantified these properties for both the historic glass and potential replacements. Single-pane glass samples were optically coupled in a reversible manner to allow for flexible testing. A Radiance-based daylight simulation model was developed to assess the impact of different glass variants on luminance levels from multiple viewpoints inside the hall. The evaluation focused on the percentage of skylight areas that light up under direct sunlight, that is, exceeding luminance thresholds. These are visualized in annual heatmaps. Two glass variants were shortlisted based on their similarity to the original glass in terms of light scattering behaviour. Laminated samples of each were produced, measured, and evaluated to confirm reproducibility. Both options performed well in direct comparison, and the final selection was based on manufacturability and cost-effectiveness. The chosen glass ensures compliance with safety standards while preserving the hall’s historic appearance, demonstrating that a careful balance between heritage conservation and modern requirements is achievable.

The water-conducting channel formed between adjacent aquifers is called ‘skylight’, which is an important factor leading to water and water-sand inrush accidents in coal mines. In order to find out the possible spatial position of the ‘skylight’ structure in a coal mine, the opposing coil’s transient electromagnetic method(OCTEM) and the high-density resistivity method are utilized for joint detection. Combined with geological data to interpret the resistivity section of the transient electromagnetic method, the position of low resistance anomaly is delineated. The results of the data are processed by 3D visualization. The results of the data are a ‘funnel-shaped’ structure in 3D space. Meanwhile, The findings in the high-density resistivity method further indicate that the resistivity at the delineated anomalous location exhibits a notable decrease compared to the resistivity of the adjacent rock formations.The results of the two methods verify each other and confirm the development position of the ‘skylight’ structure. The research shows that the combined detection of the transient electromagnetic method and high-density resistivity method can better identify the ‘skylight’ structure of coalfield, and can provide a safe geological guarantee for coal mine production, which has good application value and promotion significance.

Paints, plastics and even wood can be engineered to stay cool in direct sunlight — but their role in displacing power-hungry air conditioners remains unclear. Paints, plastics and even wood can be engineered to stay cool in direct sunlight — but their role in displacing power-hungry air conditioners remains unclear. Credit: Jyotirmoy Mandal

Underwater skylight polarization orientation possesses various advantages, including high precision, strong anti-interference ability, high information acquisition rate, and the absence of error accumulation over time. To compute the polarization distribution of underwater skylight polarization image data, an image conversion algorithm is proposed. Subsequently, the least squares method is employed to extract the solar meridian from the polarization images, facilitating the calculation of underwater skylight polarization distribution and the high-precision extraction of polarization information. Through experiments conducted in different environments and at various time periods within the same location, a comparative analysis was undertaken between the azimuth angle of the solar meridian extracted from the actually detected polarization distribution maps and the solar azimuth angle simulated based on single Rayleigh scattering. The experimental data exhibited slight discrepancies, thereby validating the stability of underwater polarization distribution and the feasibility of determining the solar meridian direction.

This paper presents the study of using skylight as a way of giving access to daylight in a public market. Daylighting in this type of building is mainly important in order to achieve visual comfort while also minimalizing the glare effect. The Indonesian’s Ministry of Health also stated that every public market has to achieve the minimum 100 lux of luminance. The particular study is aimed to investigate the most optimum skylight strategy to create adequate daylighting inside the building. This aspect is necessary since the application of skylight will directly affect the luminance below it. The steps of study are as follows: (1) to study the optimum daylight illuminance for public market, (2) to study the skylight system applicated in Indonesia, and (3) to study the ratio of skylight openings to floor dimensions

As a type of distinctive pit on Mars, skylights are entrances to subsurface lava caves. They are very important for studying volcanic activity and potential preserved water ice, and are also considered as potential sites for human extraterrestrial bases in the future. Most skylights are manually identified, which has low efficiency and is highly subjective. Although deep learning methods have recently been used to identify skylights, they face challenges of few effective samples and low identification accuracy. In this article, 151 positive samples and 920 negative samples based on the MRO-HiRISE image data was used to create an initial skylight dataset, which contained few positive samples. To augment the initial dataset, StyleGAN2-ADA was selected to synthesize some positive samples and generated an augmented dataset with 896 samples. On the basis of the augmented skylight dataset, we proposed YOLOv9-Skylight for skylight identification by incorporating Inner-EIoU loss and DySample to enhance localization accuracy and feature extracting ability. Compared with YOLOv9, the P, R, and the F1 of YOLOv9-Skylight were improved by about 9.1%, 2.8%, and 5.6%, respectively. Compared with other mainstream models such as YOLOv5, YOLOv10, Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN, and DETR, YOLOv9-Skylight achieved the highest accuracy (F1 = 92.5%), which shows a strong performance in skylight identification.