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Injuries and illnesses of football players during the 2010 FIFA World Cup
Background The incidence and characteristics of football injuries during matches in top-level international tournaments are well documented, but training injuries and illnesses during this period have rarely been studied. Aim To analyse the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses incurred during the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup. Methods The chief physicians of the 32 finalist teams reported daily all newly incurred injuries and illnesses of their players on a standardised medical report form. Results Out of 229 injuries reported, 82 match and 58 training injuries were expected to result in time loss, equivalent to an incidence of 40.1 match and 4.4 training injuries per 1000 h. Contact with another player was the most frequent cause of match (65%) and of training (40%) injuries. The most frequent diagnoses were thigh strain and ankle sprain. 99 illnesses of 89 (12%) players were reported. Illnesses were mainly infections of the respiratory or the digestive system. Most illnesses did not result in absence from training or match. The incidence of time-loss illnesses was 3.0 per 1000 player days. Conclusion The incidence of match injuries during the 2010 FIFA World Cup was significantly lower than in the three proceeding World Cups. This might be a result of more regard to injury prevention, less foul play and stricter refereeing. Tackling skills and fair play need to be improved to prevent contact injuries in training and matches. Prevention of illness should focus on reducing the risk of infections by considering the common modes of transmission and environmental conditions.
Journal Article
South Africa's World Cup : a legacy for whom?
\"This groundbreaking book provides a critically informed analysis of the impact and legacy of mega-sporting events through the lens of South Africa's 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup and its associated developmental paradigm. It challenges mainstream thinking and mega-event praise singers by providing concrete evidence to show that this sporting spectacular was little more than a front for massive accumulation and extraction of wealth, alongside increased sporting and socio-economic inequality.\"--Back cover.
Book
The Use of GPS Analysis to Quantify the Internal and External Match Demands of Semi-Elite Level Female Soccer Players during a Tournament
The purpose of this study was to make use of global positioning system technology to quantify the internal and external match demands of sub-elite female soccer players. Secondly, the study aims to describe the magnitude of change of these variables within and between matches over the course of a tournament to determine the effect of player fatigue. Thirty sub-elite female soccer players were assessed throughout a local tournament. Differences in match demands within and between matches were assessed using percent difference, effect size and 90% confidence intervals. One-way ANOVA was used to compare differences in the match demands and running intensities among playing positions and Bonferroni corrections were used to determine differences where significant effects of position were observed. A paired sample t-test in conjunction with the Cohen effect size was used to compare changes in match performance. Total distance covered averaged 5917 m. Midfielders covered the greatest absolute and relative total distances, and achieved the highest low-intensity activity and player load per minute of play. Defenders covered significantly (p ≤ 0.05) less relative distance and low-intensity activity per minute of play compared to midfielders. Forwards covered the greatest distance at high-intensity, while the greatest percentage of time at high-intensity heart rate was measured among the defenders. Within match comparisons revealed that player load decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in the second half (ES: 0.4). Relative distance, low-intensity activity and high-intensity activity also decreased in the second half with possibly trivial to likely small changes. Small to large differences in variables were observed throughout the tournament. The biggest magnitude of change was seen with a large decrease (ES: -1.2) in relative distance covered between match 2 and 5. Despite generally small reductions in performance measures, there is evidence that accumulated fatigue throughout a multi-day tournament would affect performance negatively.
Journal Article
Setting the research agenda for Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA) women’s football: stakeholder perspectives
Despite the increasing global interest in women’s football research, relatively less attention has been devoted to African women’s football. Where research is conducted, the agenda tends to be driven by researchers usually without input from football stakeholders. Hence, research priorities may not reflect the needs of football stakeholders or address the real problems they face. Utilising the stakeholder theory framework, this cross-sectional study established self-reported medical and performance research priorities of stakeholders in women’s football in the Council of Southern Africa Football Associations (COSAFA) region. A self-administered questionnaire ranking 17 areas of research was administered to women football players (≥18 years old), and their support personnel (e.g., coaches, medical personnel, administrators) participating in the 2022 TOTAL Energies CAF Women’s Champions League (CAFWCL) COSAFA Qualifiers and 2022 COSAFA Women’s Championship. One hundred and forty-one (
n
= 141) respondents from 10 countries participated. The top five research areas considered to be highly relevant to women’s football in the COSAFA region were: (1) developing youth players (
n
= 115; 82%) (2), optimising physical conditioning (
n
= 112; 79%) (3), understanding female related health issues (
n
= 107; 76%) (4), improving technical skills (
n
= 106; 75%) (5), how to come back stronger after injury (
n
= 106;75%). Given a hypothetical USD $1 million research fund, stakeholders would prioritise (1) development of youth players (
n
= 70; 17%) (2), improvement of technical skills (
n
= 68; 16%), and (3) injury prevention (
n
= 33; 8%) as their top three areas for research focus. Identifying stakeholders’ research priorities is important as this can inform research directions and funding priorities in African women’s football.
Journal Article
The South Africa 2010 FIFA World Cup: A Look Back: Perceptions of its Impact on Tourism in South Africa
Africa’s first FIFA World Cup sparked a series of scholarly work mostly conducted prior to this event. This phenomena is still relevant today with many unanswered questions. This research therefore investigates and examines literature on how the 2010 FIFA World Cup is perceived almost a decade later. A qualitative approach was adopted based on secondary data sources and grey literature. Contextual information was gathered from popular data bases that include Science direct, Ebsco host, Emerald and Google scholar. A total of 20 studies on both tourism in South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup published between 2004 and 2019 were examined and systematically presented and discussed. Recurring trends based on review of literature were identified. The destination image theory and the destination concept were used to comprehend international visitors’ attitudes and their interpretation of South Africa as a travel destination. One of key findings was that the crime in South Africa, before, during after the World Cup ranks highest in terms of tourism deterrence. However, the event was generally perceived positive as a fairly positive success with room for socio-economic improvement. Implications were provided and possible areas of further were suggested with additional questions presented.
Journal Article
Coach-directed education is associated with injury-prevention behaviour in players: an ecological cross-sectional study
Background/aimRugby union (‘rugby’) presents an above-average risk of injury to participants. BokSmart is a South African nationwide intervention that aims to reduce rugby-related injuries in players. This is achieved by educating coaches and referees to improve injury behaviour of players. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess if the receipt of injury-prevention education was associated with player behaviour.MethodsJunior (n=2279) and senior (n=1642) players, who attended merit-based South African Rugby tournaments (2008–2012), completed an anonymous questionnaire. Logistic regressions investigated if player injury-prevention behaviours were associated with the receipt of education on the same topic. Additionally, players' preferred sources of education were explored through frequency and χ2 analyses.ResultsOf the 16 injury-prevention behaviours, 12 (75%) were associated with receiving education on that topic. The four behaviours not associated with education were: warming-up (before training and matches), and avoiding heat and massage post injury. Of the seven possible sources of this education, the majority of players chose either coaches or physiotherapists as their preferred media. In comparison with junior players, more senior players chose physiotherapists instead of coaches for warming-up and cooling-down education.ConclusionsThe results of this study support, to a large degree, the strategy of BokSmart—influence of player behaviour through coach education. However, these findings also suggest that BokSmart could target team physiotherapists in addition to coaches and referees with their safety education. Also, players might have different preferences for this education depending on their age.
Journal Article
Environmental Factors and Stakeholders Influence on Professional Sport Organisations Engagement in Sustainable Corporate Social Responsibility: A South African Perspective
As the sporting industry has become more professionalised, there have been an increased number of studies focused on corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement within this sector. However, with unique aspects of professional sport organisations and limited studies on this in developing market contexts, this paper reports on a study that aimed to investigate the impact of environmental factors and stakeholders that have an impact on sustainable CSR engagement in the South African professional sport industry. Following an interpretivist philosophy, this study adopted a qualitative research approach to collect the primary data. Key stakeholders were strategically selected from six South African professional sport organisations and ten in-depth interviews were conducted. This inquiry revealed that several internal and external environmental factors influence sustainable CSR engagement by professional sport organisations, namely, (1) internal objectives, funds, people and resources and (2) external uncontrollable factors, economy, and community awareness. The study also found that corporate partnerships, non-corporate partnerships and targeted communities were the main stakeholder types involved in CSR activities. The study, therefore, expands the understanding of CSR engagement within the professional sport industry in South Africa, also contributing to CSR practice and policy within this sector by proposing the engagement in more sustainable CSR initiatives.
Journal Article
Statistical Analysis of Overseas Tourist Arrivals to South Africa in Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Sustainable Development
The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed the global tourism and hospitality industry, crippling foreign currency earnings and employment in many countries, South Africa (SA) included. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overseas tourist arrivals to SA, and to make an inference on the country’s foreign currency earnings on economic development. The Box–Jenkins methodology is used in fitting non-seasonal integrated autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models to quantify and characterise the number of overseas tourists to SA. The ARIMA 1,0,1(0,1,1)12 model is the best fitting model for the overseas tourist arrivals data to SA, as confirmed by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The model shows good forecasting power in the absence of the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by the validation results. The difference between forecasts and actual values after the validation phase shows the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overseas tourist arrivals to SA and the challenges it poses to the statistical modelling of tourist arrivals to SA, considering the pandemic was the first of its kind. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the tourism industry’s vulnerability to economic shocks, showing the need for aggressive marketing strategies that may revamp the tourism sectors to levels previously expected before and or after COVID-19 for sustainable development.
Journal Article
Nation-branding Opportunities Through Sport Mega-events: Tourism Impact from FIFA World Cup in South Africa 2010 and Qatar 2022
Sport mega-events can be powerful agents in the imaging, re-imaging and branding of places, especially for emerging mega-event host nations. South Africa was the first African country to host the FIFA World Cup in 2010 and is a good case of how nation-branding opportunities were leveraged to showcase its global engagement, re-emergence post-apartheid, and its competence as a tourism and mega-event host. Similarly, Qatar’s hosting of the 2022 FIFA World Cup is a region-first for the Middle East. Hosting the World Cup is aligned to Qatar’s strategic leveraging of sport to build a new image, acquire global recognition as a world-class venue for major events, sport sponsorships, and state-of-the-art stadiums. Yet Qatar, like South Africa, was confronted with significant detractors and negative media coverage in the lead-up to its hosting. This paper compares nation-brand perceptions collected from international visitors to the respective mega-events. The studies aimed to identify any changes to these brand perceptions because of their visit to these nations. It utilises the same instrument and method; with the survey instrument for 2010 adapted for Qatar to increase its relevance. A total of 561 (South Africa) and 421 (Qatar) international visitors were interviewed at event and tourist locations, using a spatially based, purposive sampling approach. The findings reveal how visitor perceptions changed in both instances. It reveals nuances in profiling mega-event sport tourists and contrasts expected nation-branding legacies for host nations, especially in emerging nation contexts.
Journal Article